Research progress on the role of NMDA receptors in migraine / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#N­methyl­D-aspartate （NMDA） receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors that are widely expressed in the central nervous system.Through mediating Ca2+ influx for excitatory synaptic transmission，NMDA receptors play an important role in synaptic plasticity，learning，and memory.Migraine is a common primary headache that brings serious life and mental burdens to patients because of frequent attacks.The pathogenesis of migraine is still unclear.Glutamate and NMDA receptors have been demonstrated to be closely related to the occurrence of migraine.This paper reviews progress on the association of NMDA receptors with migraine and the use of NMDA receptor antagonists for the prevention and treatment of migraine，aiming to provide a reference for the pathogenesis and drug treatment of migraine.

Research progress on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment of Alzheimer's disease / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that occurs insidiously and progresses over time. Its main symptoms include memory and language impairments. The pathogenesis of AD remains unclear,and drug treatment for AD is still unsatisfactory,pointing to the need for a new approach to treating this disease. Existing research has shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve the cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients with AD,which provides a new idea for the treatment of AD. Exploring the mechanism of rTMS improving the clinical manifestations of patients with AD can promote our understand of the pathogenesis of AD. This article summarized the pathological changes and clinical features of AD as well as research progress on rTMS in the treatment of AD,aiming to provide new ideas for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of AD.

Circ_0021155 can participate in the phenotypic transformation of human vascular smooth muscle cells via the miR-4459/TRPM7 axis.

The phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a key role in the pathological process of atherosclerosis (AS), and TRPM7 is involved in this process. In this study, we verified whether circRNAs participate in the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs by regulating TRPM7 in AS. The RNA-sequencing data of atherosclerosis were downloaded and analysed from the GEO database. Only hsa_circ_0021155 related to TRPM7 was differentially expressed in AS. circRNA distribution and expression were observed via FISH and PCR. CCK8, scratch test and Transwell assay were used to observe the proliferation and migration of cells. Western blot was performed to examine changes in α-actin, calponin, SMMHC and TRPM7 proteins. The expression of hsa_circ_0021155 against has-miR-4459/miR-3689c was verified via PCR. The ceRNA relationship of TPRM7-miR4459-circ0021155 was verified via dual luciferase assay, and the effects of miR4459 mimic/inhibitor on the proliferation of cells were further observed. The expression of hsa_circ_0021155 and OX-LDL was increased in VSMCs. hsa_circ_0021155 promoted the expression of TRPM7 and inhibited the protein expression of α-actin, calponin and SMMHC. In addition, it promoted the proliferation and migration of cells and inhibited the expression of miR-3689c and miR-4459 but did not affect miR-4756-5p. The dual luciferase assay showed that circ0021155-miR4459-TRPM7 mRNA was highly compatible and could be mutually regulated by a ceRNA network. In conclusion, hsa_circ_0021155 regulates the proliferation, migration and phenotype transformation of VSMCs induced by OX-LDL via the miR-4459/TRPM7 axis. hsa_circ_0021155 and TRPM7 may offer novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.

Application of three-step teaching in the antidiastole of vertigo in the standardized training of general practitioners / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Vertigo is one of the most common symptoms in general practice. During the standardized training in theory and practice of vertigo diagnosis and treatment, researchers from group of vertigo subspe-cialty of department of neurology analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of vertigo disease and the present teaching situation of theory and practice teaching. They put forward and adopted the "Three Steps"(laying firm foundation, consolidating and strengthening, and improving skills) which is based on multidis-cipline and conforming to trainees' understanding of the disease. It helped general practitioners tofamiliarize themselves with the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of vertigo, to perfect their multidisciplinary knowl-edge structure, to establish scientific clinical thinking, and to improve their levels of the diagnosis and treatment of diseases relating to vertigo, which has produced good effects and has been playing an important role in improving the prognosis for vertigo patients.

Significance and countermeasures of freehand cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses in colleges and universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Under the situation of national demand for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills, it is very important to develop a scientific and feasible education and training program to popularize CPR skills, and improve first-aid ability. This study illustrated the significance and feasibility of setting up car-diopulmonary resuscitation courses in colleges and universities. On this basis, specific suggestions and countermeasures were put forward to improve teaching organization and leadership, teaching material de-velopment, curriculum design, teaching faculty development, teacher training and laboratory construction. This study proposed to strengthen the legislation, and the implementation of first-aid qualification examina-tion in colleges and universities, making the students become the preferred educational group of CPR skills, which is of great significance to improve public popularity rate of CPR.

Nosocomial Acquired Pneumonia in Elderly Patients with Cerebral Apoplexy / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical features of nosocomial acquired pneumonia in elderly patients with apoplexy.METHODS A retrospective study was carried out to investigate the clinical data of 724 elderly patients with apoplexy in Department of Neurology during Jan 1st,2003 to Dec 31st,2005.RESULTS The nosocomial acquired pneumonia rate was 12.26%.The nosocomial infection rate in patients with cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction was 23.79% and 6.48%,respectively.The incidence rate of nosocomial acquired pneumonia was related positively to long time in hospital,underlying disease severity,consciousness,swallow,preventive antibiotic therapy and diabetes.CONCLUSIONS More attention should be paid in clinical treatment and nursing care in order to lowering the occurrence of the nosocomial acquired pneumonia.

Characteristics of clinical features and related evaluation of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD),the two major types of dementia in old age, differ from each other in pathological mechanism, treatment and prognosis. Up to now, no effective therapeutic method for AD is available, but VD can be treated effectively so that patients' quality of life can be improved.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features of brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) and brain evoked potentials (BEP) between AD and VD patients.DESIGN: Retrospective analysis based on AD and VD patients.SETTING: Neurological Department, the First Clinical Medical College of Harbin Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: All inpatients and discharged patients were selected filiated to Harbin Medical University from December 1996 to December 2000. The history was provided by the patients themselves or their relatives who lived together with them. Nine cases of AD and fourteen cases of VD were diagnosed according to the diagnostic standard for AD and VD set by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorder and Stroke-the Alzheimer disease and Related Disorder Association, and Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disease (4th edition). According to the clinical rating standard, the patients had mild or moderate degree of dementia.METHODS: AD and VD patients were analyzed with retrospective analynitive functions, including long-term and short-term memory, calculation,comprehension, abstract thinking, dyschronism and disorientation; c. emotional reaction, including depression, anxiety, fear, euphoria, compulsive laughing and crying; d personality alteration, including indifference,optimally were collected from the abnormal segment signals. After calculation, 4 frequency band powers of θ,δ, α and β of the total power of 1-30 N1, P2, N2 and P3 and the waves of P2 and P3 were measured. Comparison between the two groups and rate comparison were made with t-test and χ2 test, respectively.ease, cognitive functions and noncognitive functions between AD patients RESULTS: Data of 9 AD and 14 VD patients as well as 15 normal old cognitive functions and noncognitive functions between AD patients and VD patients: The onset of AD was slow, but that of VD was abrupt. Cognitive functions of AD patients were decreased, including memory decline,calculation decrement, abstract thinking disorder, dyschronism and disorientation. The cognitive functions of VD group were characterized by partial decrement and intermittent ladderlike aggravation. Memory decline and calculation ability decrease were the main characteristics, but other cognitive dysfunctions could not be observed as much as in AD. The patients of AD group often had depression as the most common emotional disorder.Personality alteration took initiative decrement as the most common one,whereas emotional disorder in the patients of VD group was presented by compulsive crying and laughing. One patient seldom had more than two and VD patients: BEAM of 7 AD patients was characterized by the power of θ frequency band of the whole head increased. The level of increase was consistent with the level of dementia (score of MMSE). At the same time,the power of α and β frequency bands declined, and the power of δ increased later, the left side (F3) was significantly higher than the right side AD and VD patients: The changes of BEP in the two group patients had poorly differentiated waves, with lower P300 wave and obviously delayed latent period. The abnormality degree of patients in AD group was more obvious than that in VD group.with memory decline and calculation ability decrease as the main characteristics in VD patients. The noncognitive functions of AD patients were more aftients were presented as the increased power of the whole head in the former ones and the increased power of θ frequency band in the latter ones. The changes were coincident with the severity of dementia in AD, but not in VD.effect of the former one was greater than that of the latter one.

An Investigation of Item System of The Ability Development Assessment in Training Postgraduates of Neurology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Combined with the features of neurology,this article discussed the assessing processes for quality postgraduates in neurology from four aspects: clinical skills,creative ability,ability in using English,ability of communication between doctors and patients.It also elaborated the purpose and meanings of setting the assessing goal,selecting assessing items and establishing criterion of the assessing items.

Clinical study on end-to-side anastomoses of renal artery to external iliac artery in renal trans- plantation / 中华器官移植杂志

This study compared two techniques of artery anastomoses,renal artery to the ex- ternal iliac artery (ESA) and to the internal iliacartery (EEA) in renal transplantation.The operation time and the incidence of anastomotic stenosis was cut down significantely in ESA group.The blood flow in grafts has no difference in two groups with normal renal function.The utilization rate of grafts with multiple arteries was higher (94.4%) in ESA group.Back bench surgery for artery repain,cold ischemia time and renal damage were reduced in ESA group.