Effect of cognitive style on time-based prospective memory.

Field-independent and field-dependent individuals have different reference patterns and cognitive processing preferences. Field-independent individuals tend to rely on internal capabilities and use internal references to process information, while field-dependent individuals mainly rely on external references and focus on external information. Individuals with two cognitive styles have different attention patterns to perform time-based prospective memory (TBPM) tasks, with different effects on their TBPM performance. This study explored the influence of field-independent and field-dependent cognitive styles on TBPM. In Experiment 1, the attention load was manipulated by the difficulty of the ongoing task. The results showed that the field-independent individuals performed better than the field-dependent individuals only under a low-difficulty condition, indicating that the field-independent individuals had advantages in TBPM but were easily affected by the attention load. Experiment 2 further introduced external reminders to provide individuals with more external information and reduce individual attention consumption in internal time information processing to manipulate attention load. The results showed that external cues eliminated the difference between field-independent and field-dependent individuals in TBPM.

Bentall procedure through the right anterior mini-incision: A clinical analysis in a single center / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To summarize the effectiveness of Bentall procedure through the right anterior mini-incision. Methods    The clinical data of patients who underwent Bentall via right anterior mini-incision from September 2020 to September 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were retrospectively analyzed. Results    A total of 14 males with an average age of 55.1±9.3 years and body mass index of 24.7±2.8 kg/m2 were enrolled. The cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was 185.6±32.9 min, the aortic cross-clamping (ACC) time was 144.8±30.3 min, the ventilation time was 18.1±13.5 h, the time in the intensive care unit was 3.7±1.8 d, and the hospital stay time was 13.4±1.6 d. Postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients: 3 patients of pleural effusion, 1 patient of pericardial effusion and 1 patient of postoperative bleeding with secondary thoracotomy hemostasis. The median follow-up time was 4 (2, 6) months. There was no mortality in the hospital or during the follow-up. As for the learning curve, the ACC time, CPB time and operation time were significantly shortened after four cases (P<0.05). Conclusion    The right anterior mini-incision for Bentall operation is safe and effective, and has clinical value.

Establishment of mouse silicosis fibrosis model by non-exposed tracheal perfusion / 中国职业医学

Objective: To establish a convenient non-invasive tracheal perfusion method for constructing a mouse model of silicosis-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: The specific pathogen-free C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and model group, with 15 mice in each group. After anesthesia, a 22G arteriovenous indwelling needle was used to inset into the trachea through the mice's mouth. The model group mice were perfused with 0.1 mL of silica suspension with a mass concentration of 25 g/L, and the mice in the control group were perfused with an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. On the 7th, 14th, and 30th day after modeling, the body weight of the mice was measured, and the lung tissue morphology and pathological changes were observed. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1) protein in lung tissue of mice was detected by immunofluorescence on the 30th day after modeling. Results: There was no death of mice in the two groups during the experiment. There was no significant difference in body weight between the two groups (P>0.05). The lung tissues of the mice in the model group were pinkish-gray and uneven in color on the 7th and 14th days after dust exposure. On the 30th day after dust exposure, the lung tissue of the mice in the model group was gray and hard, and unevenly distributed silicon nodules were visible by the naked eyes. The histopathology results of lung tissue showed that compared with the mice in control group, the model group mice exhibited persistent aggravation of pulmonary inflammation, thickening of alveolar septum, infiltration of inflammatory cells gradually clustering into clumps, and an increasing number of fibrous foci.On the 30th day after dust exposure, the relative expression of α-SMA and COL1A1 proteins in the lung of the model group was higher than those in the control group (median： 72.59 vs 5.91, 35.62 vs 10.07, both P<0.05). Conclusion: The method of tracheal perfusion silica suspension of mice using 22G arteriovenous indwelling needle can successfully construct an animal model of silicosis fibrosis. This method is convenient, safe and effective, and is worth promoting.

6,6′-Bieckol induces apoptosis and suppresses TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small lung cancer cells / 中草药·英文版

Objective: In this study, the aim was to investigate the inhibitory effect of 6,6′-bieckol on the migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and explore its potential molecular mechanisms. Methods: Cell migration was measured using a CCK8, wound healing, and transwell migration assay. Apoptosis was determined using an Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expression level of apoptosis-related proteins and EMT marker proteins. Results: The results showed that 6,6′-bieckol inhibited migration and induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, 6,6′-bieckol had significantly up-regulated the E-cadherin and down-regulated Snail1 and Twist1 transcriptional levels. 6,6′-Bieckol might inhibit TGF-β-induced EMT by down-regulating Snail1 and Twist1 and up-regulating E-cadherin in lung cancer cells. Conclusion: It is suggested that 6,6′-bieckol has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic candidate for lung cancer.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of a copper(II) complex containing 2-nitro-benzoate and tetra-methyl-ethylenedi-amine ligands.

The reaction of copper(II) sulfatepentahydrate with 2-nitro-benzoic acid and N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-ethylenedi-amine (TMEDA) in basic solution produces the complex bis-(2-nitro-benzoato-κO)(N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-ethylenedi-amine-κ2 N,N')copper(II), [Cu(C7H4NO4)2(C6H16N2)] or [Cu(2-nitro-benzoate)2(tmeda)]. Each carboxyl-ate group of the 2-nitro-benzoate ligand is coordinated by CuII atom in a monodentate fashion and two TMEDA ligand nitro-gen atoms are coordinate by the metal center, giving rise to a distorted square-planar coordination environment. In the crystal, metal complexes are linked by centrosymmetric C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons via a R 2 2(10) ring motif. These ribbons are linked by further C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, leading to two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded arrays parallel to the bc plane. Weak π-π stacking inter-actions provide additional stabilization of the crystal structure. Hirshfeld surface analysis, dnorm and two-dimensional fingerprint plots were examined to verify the contributions of the different inter-molecular contacts within the supra-molecular structure. The major inter-actions of the complex are O⋯H/H⋯O (44.9%), H⋯H (34%) and C⋯H (14.5%).

Multi-parameter MRI signal analysis of labyrinth in patients with sudden deafness / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of each sequence by analyzing the characteristics of labyrinthine signal on MRI in patients with unilateral sudden deafness.Methods:Totally 52 patients of unilateral sudden deafness with inner ear MRI were analyzed retrospectively at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2016 to July 2019, all of which could find abnormalities in the labyrinth, including 17 cases of plain scan and 35 cases of enhanced scan, with sequences including plain T 1WI, enhanced T 1WI, plain and enhanced delayed 3D fluid attenuation inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR). The affected labyrinthine signal characteristics of each sequence were analyzed and the involvement sites were judged. The ability of each sequence to show labyrinthine abnormal signal was evaluated and scored. The Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test were used to compare the subjective scores of the ability to show labyrinthine high signal in different sequences in plain and enhanced patients, respectively. Fisher′s exact probability method was used to analyze the relationship between the affected sites and the recovery of hearing, tinnitus and vertigo symptoms. Results:Fifty-two patients (100%, 52/52) showed labyrinthine high signal on T 1WI, 8 (15.4%, 8/52) showed higher signal and 3 (5.8%, 3/52) showed low signal on T 2WI. Thirty-five (100%, 35/35) showed high signal on enhanced T 1WI, among which 27 had enhancement (77.1%, 27/35). Fifty-two (100%, 52/52) showed significant high signal of the affected labyrinth on 3D-FLAIR (17 plain scan, 35 enhanced scan). The scores were 2 (2, 2), 3 (2, 3), 3 (3, 4) and 4 (4, 4) of T 1WI, enhanced T 1WI, plain and enhanced 3D-FLAIR respectively. The overall difference in subjective scores of plain T 1WI, enhanced T 1WI and enhanced 3D-FLAIR in enhanced patients was statistically significant (χ2=64.528, P<0.001), and the comparison between the two was statistically different (all corrected P<0.05). The plain 3D-FLAIR score was higher than the plain T 1WI in patients with a statistically significant difference ( Z=-3.729, P<0.001). Twenty-seven cases (51.9%, 27/52) exhibited high signal at the ampulla of semicircular canals, with a statistically significant difference in the distribution of hearing recovery or not ( P=0.001). Conclusions:Both T 1WI and 3D-FLAIR sequences can effectively identify the labyrinthine high signal, but the latter was better than the former of its ability to display, especially delayed enhanced 3D-FLAIR. The high signal at the ampulla of semicircular canals was a characteristic predictor of non-recovery of hearing.

The reliability of hearing implants: report on the type and incidence of cochlear implant failures.

Objectives: This study presents the data collected through a database on the type and incidence of cochlear implant device failures and major complications and quantifies the risk of failures across time based on the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) CI86:2017 standard. Methods: Information on reliability of MED-EL cochlear implants was collected from the MED-EL complaint database between 2003 and2013. Explants were categorized and device reliability was calculated according to the AAMI CI86:2017 standard principles. Results: Data were collected for 11662 devices (5462 children, 6200 adults). The mean duration of follow up was 46.16 months. The total failure rate for all devices and all subjects was 2.41%. Medical related explants (MRE) were significantly worse for children than for adults with the ceramic implants, C40+ (p = 0.008) and PULSAR (p = 0.020). Device failure explants (DFE) were significantly worse for children than for adults with all four devices in the study, the C40+ (p < 0.001), PULSAR (p < 0.001), SONATA (p < 0.001), and CONCERTO (p = 0.023). The mean annual failure rate for all subjects and devices was 0.63% (1.03% for children, 0.28% for adults). The mean annual failure rate was 0.90% for the C40+; 0.57% for the PULSAR; 0.46% for the SONATA; and 0.39% for the CONCERTO. Conclusions: Compared to adults, children had significantly worse MRE and DFE due to a higher risk of head trauma and more vulnerable skull anatomy. Further, the authors conclude that the AAMI standard will ensure a more comprehensive and transparent evaluation of cochlear implant reliability in the future.

Effects of perioperative administration of L-carnitine on myocardial protection in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of L-carnitine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operation.Methods:The clinical data of 60 patients who had underwent CABG under extracorporeal circulation in Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2015 to December 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. L-carnitine was infused into the patients in the observation group while the equal amount of normal saline was given to the patients in the control group during perioperative period. Venous blood was collected from each patient 1 hour before the surgery and at 2, 6, 24 and 72 hours after unclamping the aorta, then serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and creatine kinase-MB isozyme (CK-MB) were detected. Additionally, cardiac function indices including stroke volume (SV), left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDD), cardiac output (CO), Left ventricular ejection fraction (lVEF) were compared between the two group patients before the surgery and 6 days after operation.Results:Compared with before the operation, the levels of serum enzymes were all significantly increased after unclamping the aorta. The levels of serum AST, LDH and CK reached their peak at 24 hours after unclamping the aorta. Notably, the levels of serum AST, LDH and CK in the experimental group were lower than that in the control group at each time point after unclamping the aorta ( P<0.05). For serum CK-MB, the level in the experimental group reached its peak at 6 hours after unclamping the aorta, while the peak value was observed at 24 hours after unclamping the aorta in the control group. The level of CK-MB in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with the control group at each time point after unclamping the aorta ( P<0.05). Moreover, there were no significant differences in cardiac function indices between the 2 groups before the operation ( P>0.05). The levels of SV, CO and LVEF in the experimental group were significantly increased while the level of LVDD was obviously decreased compared to that in the control group after the operation ( P<0.05). Conclusions:L-carnitine has protective effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing CABG operation under cardiopulmonary bypass, with reducing serum levels of myocardial enzyme in these patients.

Transmastoidslotted labyrinthotomy approach cochlear implantation with customized electrode for patients with common cavity deformity / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To discuss the benefit of using transmastoid slotted labyrinthotomy approach (TSLA) and customized electrode for common cavity deformity (CCD) patients, and to evaluate the audiological outcomes.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of the intraoperative monitoring data and postoperative auditory outcomes of 10 CCD cases who received cochlear implantation in Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University from April 2016 to December 2017, was conducted using TSLA and customized electrod as a test group.At the same time, 10 cases of age and gender matched children with severe or severe sensorineural hearing loss and normal inner ear structures were recorded as a control group. Four questionnaires were collected from the two groupspre-operative, 6 months and 1 year after start-up. The Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to compare the scores of different time points. Rank sum test of two independent samples was used to compare the scores between different groups.@*Results@#None of the patients exhibited CSF leakage or facial paralysis after operation. The average impedance of 8 CCD children in the experimental group was below 5 kΩ. The total extraction rate of auditory neural response telemetry (ART) of all stimulating electrodes was 55% (33/60), and the amplitude of the electricity induced complex action potential (ECAP) of electrodes at different positions ranged from 50.69 to 170.3 μV.The average surgical time of the TSLA group was 46.4 min, shorter than the traditional approach.There was significant difference between the scores of pre-operative, 6 months and 1 year after start-up for the TSLA group(categories of auditory performance,CAP: 2.0 (2.0,3.0) vs. 4.0 (3.8,4.0) , Z=-3.109, P=0.002; speech intelligibility rating,SIR: 2.0 (2.0,2.3) vs. 3.0 (2.8,4.0) , Z=-2.952, P=0.003; meaningful use of speech scale,MUSS: 4.0 (3.3,6.0) vs. 9.0 (6.0,11.8) , Z=-3.421, P=0.001; meaningful auditory integration scale, MAIS or infant-toddler and meaningful auditory integration scale, IT-MAIS: 5.5 (3.8,9.0) vs. 15.5 (10.8,18.5) , Z=-3.522, P=0.000 for the latter two).In addition, The scores of the TSLA group were significantly worse than the control group at 6 months and 1 year after start-up.The high-resolution CT scan showed good adhesion of the electrodes without displacementone week and one year after surgery.@*Conclusions@#For CCD patients, TSLA and customized electrode is recommended due to lower surgical difficulty and post-operative risk, shortened surgical time; Intraoperative ART monitoring can be used to determine the integrity of the auditory pathway. Children with common cavity deformity have a longer period of auditory rehabilitation, and the individual differences in speech rehabilitation are significantly different, which is significantly worse than those with normal structure.

Effects of perioperative administration of Calcium dibutyryladenosine cyclophosphate on myocardial protection in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of Calcium dibutyryladenosine cyclophosphate on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operation.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 62cases were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were performed coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2013 to January 2016. According to the use calcium dibutyryladenosine cyclophosphate, 62 patients were divided into the control group and the experimental group. Thirty-one cases in the experimental group were given an intravenous drip of calcium dibutyryladenosine cyclophosphate, while other 31 cases in the control group were not given to calcium dibutyryladenosine cyclophosphate during perioperative period. Venous blood was collected from each patient 1 h before the surgery and 2, 6, 24 and 72 h after unclamping the aorta, then serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and creatine kinase-MB isozyme (CK-MB) were detected. Additionally, cardiac function indices including SV, LVDD, CO, LVEF in these patients were recorded before the operation and 6 days after operation.@*Results@#Compared with those before the operation, the levels of serum enzymes were all significantly increased after unclamping the aorta. The levels of serum AST, LDH and CK reached their peak 24 h after unclamping the aorta. Notably, the levels of serum AST, LDH and CK in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group at each time point after unclamping the aorta (P < 0.05). For serum CK-MB, the level in both the two groups reached its peak 6 h after unclamping the aorta. The level of CK-MB in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group 6, 24 and 72 h after unclamping the aorta (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were no significant differences in cardiac function indices between the 2 groups before the operation (P > 0.05). The levels of SV, CO and LVEF in the experimental group were significantly increased while the level of LVDD was obviously decreased compared to that in the control group after the operation, SV: (70.93 ± 9.72) ml vs. (65.07 ± 6.81) ml, CO: (5.32 ± 0.98) L vs. (4.29 ± 0.91) L, LVEF: (57.87 ± 8.92)% vs. (52.68 ± 7.31)% and LVDD: (55.67 ± 4.12) mm vs. (62.85 ± 5.71) mm, and there were statistical differences (P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#Calcium dibutyryladenosine cyclophosphate has protective effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiac function in patients undergoing CABG operation under CPB, by reducing serum levels of myocardial enzymes in these patients.

Comparison of curative effects and prognosis between coronary artery bypass grafting with and without cardiopulmonary bypass / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the difference of curative effects and prognosis between coronary artery bypass grafting with and without cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods 152 patients who were operated using off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) and 107 patients who were performed with on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the authors'department during the period from October 2013 to October 2017 were included in the study.The differences of postoperative recovery and major complications between the two groups were analyzed.Results Compared with CABG group,patients in OPCABG group had shorter intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring time,electrocardio-monitoring time,duration of antibiotic treatment,time of drainage tube intubation,mechanical ventilation time,arterial piezometer tube monitoring time and length of hospital stay (P ＜ 0.05).And postoperative draining fluid volume in patients of OPCABG group was also less than that in CABG group (P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,there was no difference between the two groups in postoperative parameters including renal insufficiency,using intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) machine,perioperative myocardial infarction,second operation for hemorrhage,the occurrence of postoperative arrhythmias and cerebrovascular accident (P ＞ 0.05).However,the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection was significantly higher in patients of CABG group than that in OPCABG group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection was significantly decreased in OPCABG group compared with that in CABG group.And the postoperative recovery of patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting was superior to that of patients undergoing onpump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Effect of levocarnitine on serum cytokines and cardiac troponin I in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting under extracorporeal circulation / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous drip of levocarnitine during perioperative period on serum cytokines and cardiac troponin (cTn) I in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under extracorporeal circulation. Methods The clinical data of 70 patients who had underwent CABG under extracorporeal circulation in Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 35 cases were treated with intravenous infusion of levocarnitine (experiment group), and 35 cases were not treated with intravenous infusion of levocarnitine (control group). The serum levels of cTnI, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 1 h before operation and 2, 6, 24, 72 h after aorta open were detected; the postoperative recovery and complication were recorded. Results There were no statistical differences in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and cTnI before operation between 2 groups (P＞0.05); the indexes 2, 6, 24 and 72 h after aorta open were significantly higher than those before operation, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). The TNF-α, IL-6 and cTnI 2, 6, 24 and 72 h after aorta open in experiment group were significantly lower than those in control group, and the IL-10 was significantly higher than that in control group; the IL-8 2, 6 and 24 h after aorta open in experiment group were significantly lower than that in control group, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). The ICU monitoring time, electrocardio-monitoring time, duration of antibiotic treatment, duration of drainage tube, mechanical ventilation time and length of hospital stay in experiment group were significantly shorter than those in control group: (2.9 ± 0.5) d vs. (3.5 ± 0.8) d, (5.7 ± 1.8) d vs. (7.6 ± 3.2) d, (6.7 ± 1.5) d vs. (9.8 ± 2.2) d, (3.1 ± 0.8) d vs. (3.9 ± 1.4) d, (3.3 ± 2.1) d vs. (5.1 ± 2.3) d and (8.1 ± 2.2) d vs. (12.8 ± 2.6) d, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.01). Moreover, there were no severe perioperative complications such as myocardial infarction and pulmonary infection in 2 groups. Conclusions Intravenous drip of levocarnitine during perioperative period could effectively control postoperative inflammatory response and myocardial injury in patients undergoing CABG under extracorporeal circulation. The effect of levocarnitine may be related to its ability to balance the levels between proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Hearing preservation cochlear implantation in children: The HEARRING Group consensus and practice guide.

OBJECTIVES: To provide multidisciplinary cochlear implant teams with a current consensus statement to support hearing preservation cochlear implantation (HPCI) in children, including those children with symptomatic partial deafness (PD) where the intention is to use electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS). The main objectives are to provide guidelines on who is a candidate, how to assess these children and when to implant if Med-El Flex electrode arrays are chosen for implantation. METHODS: The HEARRING group reviewed the current evidence and practice regarding the management of children to be considered for HPCI surgery emphasizing the assessment needed prior to implantation in order to demonstrate the benefits in these children over time. The consensus statement addresses following three key questions: (1) Should these children be treated? (2) How to identify these children? (3) How to manage these children? SUMMARY: The HEARRING group concludes that irrespective of the degree of residual hearing present, the concepts of hearing and structure preservation should be applied in every child undergoing cochlear implantation and that HPCI is a safe and reliable treatment option. Early detection and multidisciplinary assessment are key to the identification of children with symptomatic PD, these children should undergo HPCI as early as possible.

Counselors' clinical practice competence in Henan Province / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To understand the current situation of counselors' clinical practice competence. Method: Totally 237 counselors aged 23 to 59 years were selected in Henan Province. Among all the subjects, 200 counselors were supervised occasionally, 37 counselors were often supervised. The Counselors' Clinical Practice Competence Inventory (CCPCI, including application of theory and technology, emotional perception and empathy) was used in this survey. Results: The total score of CCPCI was (41.0 ± 7.2), the scores of two factors were (26.2 ± 5.4) and (14.8 ± 2.3) respectively. The CCPCI total scores and the scores of two factors were higher in counselors over 35 years old than in counselors less than 35 years old (Ps ＜0.001), higher in counselors who had more than 3 years clinical practice than in freshman who had less than 3 years clinical practice (Ps ＜0.001), and higher in counselors who accepted once and more professional training sessions than in those who had no training session (P ＜ 0.01 or P＜0.05). The CCPCI total scores and the scores of application of theory and technology were higher in counselors who were often supervised than in those who were occasionally supervised (Ps ＜0.001). Conclusion: It suggests that the clinical practice competence of the counselors in Henan Province may be at middle level. Accepting supervision regularly and continuously professional training could improve the counselors' clinical practice competence.

CT and MRI findings of otogenic sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To explore the CT and MRI appearances of otogenic sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis(SST) and abscess. METHODS The HRCT, plain MRI, magnetic resonance venography(MRV), enhanced MRI findings in 11 patients with otogenic SST were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS On CT, the bony wall of sigmoid sinus was eroded in 10 cases (10/11), and air bubbles were found in or around sigmoid sinus in 4 cases. On plain MRI, sigmoid sinus flow void effect disappeared in all 11 cases. SST manifested as high signal on T2W1 in all 11 cases, and as low signal on T1WI in 2 cases, isointense signal on T1WI in 6 cases, high signal on T1WI in 3 cases. Contrast enhancement MRI showed enhancement in wall of venous sinus, but venous sinus thrombosis did not enhanced, but showed as irregular filling defect or empty triangle. MRV showed that involved venous sinus was not visualized. CONCLUSION CT can show the erosion of the bony wall of sigmoid sinus which may indicate the SST; and if air bubbles are found around or in the sigmoid sinus, the abscess around or in the sigmoid sinus should be doubted. Conventional MRI combined with MRV are effective and noninvasive methods in the diagnosis of SST.

Synthesis and the Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Indium(III) Bis(arylimino)acenaphthene Complexes.

Aryl bis(imino)acenaphthenes (Ar-BIANs) are well-established rigid and sterically bulky diimine ligands, which are redox-noninnocent and versatile π-acceptors due to their low-lying π* orbitals and are frequently used to bind transition metals. However, the coordination chemistry of Ar-BIAN ligands to main group elements is not as well-developed as that of their transition metal counterparts. In particular, there are no comprehensive studies describing the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of main group Ar-BIAN complexes. Herein, we report the synthesis and full characterization of a series of new indium(III) Ar-BIAN complexes, bearing 2,6-dialkyl (1b and 2b), 4-nitro (3b), and 4-dimethylamino (4b) groups at the aryl-diimine part of the ligand. Their optical and electrochemical properties have been revealed by UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, respectively. Additionally, DFT calculations were performed to gain insights into the nature of the properties displayed.

Formation of Boron-Main-Group Element Bonds by Reactions with a Tricoordinate Organoboron L2PhB: (L = Oxazol-2-ylidene).

The reactivity of L2PhB: (1; L = oxazol-2-ylidene) as well as its transition-metal (chromium and iron) complexes toward main-group substrates have been systematically examined, which led to the construction of B-E (E = C, Ga, Cl, H, F, N) bonds. The combination of 1 and triethylborane smoothly captured carbon dioxide concomitant with the formation of B-C and B-O bonds. The soft basic boron center in 1 readily reacted with soft acidic gallium trichloride (GaCl3) to afford the extremely stable adduct 4 involving a B-Ga dative bond. Electrophilic alkylation of a neutral tricoordinate organoboron was first achieved by the treatment of 1 with dichloromethane and methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (MeOTf), both of which afforded ionic species featuring an additional B-C bond. Comparatively, redox reactions took place when halides of heavier elements such as germanium dichloride, dichlorophenylphosphine, and chlorodiphenylbismuth were employed as substrates, from which cationic species 7 bearing a B-Cl bond was obtained. In addition, reactions of metal complexes [2, Cr(1)(CO)5; 8, Fe(1)(CO)4] with cationic electrophiles were investigated. With HOTf and FN(SO2Ph)2, the corresponding ionic species featuring a B-H bond (9) and a B-F bond (10) were formed via a formal electrophilic substitution reaction, whereas the reaction of 1 with F·Py-BF4 resulted in the formation of a dicationic boron species 11 with a newly formed B-N bond.

Aryl-NHC-group 13 trimethyl complexes: structural, stability and bonding insights.

Treatment of aromatic N-substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with trimethyl-gallium and -indium yielded the new Lewis acid-base adducts, IMes·GaMe3 (1), SIMes·GaMe3 (2), IPr·GaMe3 (3), SIPr·GaMe3 (4), IMes·InMe3 (5), SIMes·InMe3 (6), IPr·InMe3 (7), and SIPr·InMe3 (8), with all complexes being identified by X-ray diffraction, IR, and multinuclear NMR analyses. Complex stability was found to be largely dependent on the nature of the constituent NHC ligands. Percent buried volume (%VBur) and topographic steric map analyses were employed to quantify and elucidate the observed trends. Additionally, a detailed bond snapping energy (BSE) decomposition analysis focusing on both steric and orbital interactions of the M-NHC bond (M = Al, Ga and In) has been performed.

Surgical strategy for patients with small acoustic neuroma / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To summarize surgical treatment effects and to discuss surgical strategy for Small acoustic neuroma.METHODS The clinical data of 26 patients with small acoustic neuroma treated with surgery in our department were analyzed retrospectively.25 patients with preoperative hearing grading of C and D received the labyrinthine approach acoustic neuroma resection,and 1 patient with preoperative hearing grading of B received middle fossa approach acoustic neuroma resection.The preoperative and postoperative hearing level,incidence of tinnitus,balance disturbance and weakness of facial muscles were analyzed retrospectively.The control and recurrence of the tumor,the incidence of complications were recorded.RESULTS Total resection was achieved in 25 cases (96％),and in 1 cases achieved sub total resection due to the fact that the tumor was too adhesive to the facial nerve The follow-up time ranged from 6 months to 7 years with 7 cases lost contact.No deaths nor intracranial infection were encountered.Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea was found in 1 cases after the operation and eustachian tube blockage was performed.All patients(100％) had their facial nerve reserved and 16 patients (88％) had their cochlea nerve reserved.17patients(89.5％) had intact facial nerve function and 2 patients suffered from level Ⅲ facial nerve paralysis (House-Brackmann grade) post operatively.6 patients suffered from vertigo pre-operatively and 5 of them reported disappearance of vertigo after the surgery.Of the 13 patients who did not have vertigo before the surgery,1 patient complained sense of dizziness and unsteady walking post-operatively.5 patients (33.3％) reported disappeared or alleviated tinnitus,8 patients (53％) had the same degree of tinnitus and 2 patients reported worsened tinnitus post-operatively.For patients who did not have tinnitus before the surgery,no tinnitus was reported post-operatively.CONCLUSION treatment strategy for small acoustic neuroma requires personalized setting based on the age of the patient,the combined systemic disease,the severity of the symptoms and the growth rate of the tumor.For patients without practical hearing,the tumor could be removed with labyrinthine approach,and the integrity of the cochlear nerve should be preserved as far as possible,for further reconstruction of hearing ability and cochlear implantation.

The Mental Health and Affecting Factors on Cochlear Implanted Children / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the mental health and the affecting factors on children cochlear implants and to provide the reference of comprehensive rehabilitation for them.Methods We used the Psychological Ques-tionnaire for 3~6 Years Children to evaluate the mental health status of 1 6 6 children of 3~4 years old with cochlear implants,and compare those with the standard values of children with normal hearing.We studied the affecting fac-tors on their psychological development.Results The pass rates in action,emotion and will,cognitive ability,sociali-ty,living habits and speech ability of children with cochlear implants decreased as their age increased.The scores of action,emotion and will,cognitive ability,sociality,living habits and speech ability of children with cochlear im-plants increased as the use time increased.The affecting factors on the psychological development of children with cochlear implants were the time length of usage and their residences before operation.Conclusion There were differ-ences between the children with cochlear implants and normal hearing in psychological development.We should fo-cus on their development of hearing and speech ability,and the psychological development.