Factors affecting the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis based on the GTWR model in China, 2004-2021.

Contra-posing panel data on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) at the provincial level in China through the years of 2004-2021 and introducing a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model were used to explore the effect of various factors on the incidence of PTB from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the main information from twenty-two indexes under six macro-factors. The main influencing factors were determined by the Spearman correlation and multi-collinearity tests. After fitting different models, the GTWR model was used to analyse and obtain the distribution changes of regression coefficients. Six macro-factors and incidence of PTB were both correlated, and there was no collinearity between the variables. The fitting effect of the GTWR model was better than ordinary least-squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. The incidence of PTB in China was mainly affected by six macro-factors, namely medicine and health, transportation, environment, economy, disease, and educational quality. The influence degree showed an unbalanced trend in the spatial and temporal distribution.

Effect of Quality Control Circle Activity Nursing Combined with Respiratory Function Exercise Nursing on Patients with Esophageal Cancer.

Objective: To explore the effect of quality control circle activity nursing combined with respiratory function exercise nursing on esophageal cancer patients' immune function and nutritional status. Methods: The clinical case data of 119 esophageal cancer patients admitted to our hospital were selected as the research objects from May 2019 to July 2021. They were divided into the quality control circle activity care group (QCCAC) (9 cases dropped due to incomplete case data, n= 50) and respiratory function exercise care group (10 cases dropped due to incomplete case data, n=50) by the random number table method, the respiratory function exercise care group was treated with respiratory function exercise care, while the QCCAC group was treated with QCCAC. Changes in lung function, immune function, and nutritional status before and after nursing were compared in the two groups of patients. Results: Before nursing, there was no significant difference in pulmonary function indexes, immune function indexes, and the level of nutritional status indicators between the two groups (P > 0.05). After nursing, the finger pulse oxygen saturation, vital capacity (VC), respiratory rate, forced vital capacity (FVC), deep inspiratory volume (IC), and maximum ventilation (MVV) of the QCCAC improved, and the QCCAC group was significantly higher than the respiratory function exercise care group (P < 0.05). After nursing, the QCCAC's CD3+, CD4+, IgG, IgM, and IgA levels increased, and the QCCAC group was significantly higher than the respiratory function exercise care group. The CD8+ level decreased, and the QCCAC was lower than the respiratory function exercise care group (P < 0.05). After continuous nursing, the QCCAC's D-lactic acid, DAO, FFMI, Hb, ALB, PA, and other nutritional evaluation indexes all increased, and the QCCAC was significantly higher than the respiratory function exercise care group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Quality control circle activity nursing combined with respiratory function exercise nursing can effectively improve the immune function, respiratory function, and nutritional status of esophageal cancer patients.

A Systematic Review of Comparing Single-incision Versus Traditional Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy For Right Colon Diseases.

BACKGROUND: Single-incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (SILS) has been promoted in clinic since 2008, but a systematic review of comparing SILS and traditional laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (TLS) with long-term follow-up is rare. Here, in this study, comparison of SILS and TLS with long-term follow-up was evaluated by a meta-analysis method. METHODS: All studies about SILS and TLS for right hemicolectomy from 2010 to 2018 were searched from databases including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Wanfang. Operation index, recovery, and midterm follow-up data were evaluated by fixed-effects models, random-effects models, and Begg test. RESULTS: We collected 22 studies with 2218 patients. SILS groups contained 1038 (46.7%) patients, and 1180 (53.3%) patients were observed in the TLS group. Patients' baseline data were similar in the 2 groups. Compared with TLS, SILS had shorter operation duration [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.61 to -0.08, P<0.001, χ=49.40], shorter hospitalization time (SMD: -0.27, 95% CI: -0.37 to -0.16, P<0.001, χ=9.17), slightly less blood loss (SMD: -0.23, 95% CI: -0.36 to -0.10; P<0.001; χ=5.36), and smaller incision length (SMD: -2.19, 95% CI: -3.66 to -0.71, P<0.001; χ=316.1). No statistical differences were observed in other figures. CONCLUSION: SILS is more convenient and has better efficacy than TLS and could provide a promising surgical approach for right colon diseases.

SET domain containing protein 5 (SETD5) enhances tumor cell invasion and is associated with a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: SET domain containing 5 (SETD5) is related to the aggressiveness of prostate and mammary cancers, but its association with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the expression pattern and function of SETD5 in NSCLC. METHODS: SETD5 was detected by immunohistochemical analysis in 147 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. SETD5 was overexpressed in A549 cells or suppressed with siRNA in H1299 cells. Wound healing and transwell assays were performed. The expression levels of SETD5, p-AKT/AKT, Snail, p-JNK/JNK, Slug, E-cadherin, Zo-1, p-P38/P38, occludin, α-catenin, p-ERK/ERK, and p-P90RSK/ P90RSK were assessed by western blot. RESULTS: Online analysis of overall survival in 1928 patients with NSCLC showed that the SETD5 gene was related to worse overall survival (OS)(P < 0.001). The positive expression rate of SETD5 in noncancerous tissues was lower than that in cancerous tissues (16.7% vs. 44.2%, P < 0.001). SETD5 was significantly correlated with advanced TNM stage (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and overall survival rate (P < 0.001). Overexpression of SETD5 in A549 cells increased migration and invasion, while deletion of SETD5 in H1299 cells decreased migration and invasion. After overexpression of SETD5, the expression of ZO-1 was downregulated, and that of Snail was upregulated. After overexpression of SETD5, the levels of p-ERK and its downstream factor p-p90rsk increased. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SETD5 could regulate p-P90RSK and facilitate the migration and invasion of NSCLC and may be related to the poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC.

Upregulation of PITX2 Promotes Letrozole Resistance Via Transcriptional Activation of IFITM1 Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells.

PURPOSE: Although the interferon α (IFNα) signaling and the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) have both been implicated in the progression of breast cancer (BCa), it remains obscure whether these two pathways act in a coordinated manner. We therefore aimed to elucidate the expression and function of PITX2 during the pathogenesis of endocrine resistance in BCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PITX2 expression was assessed in BCa tissues using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry and in experimentally induced letrozole-resistant BCa cells using RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. Effects of PITX2 deregulation on BCa progression was determined by assessing MTT, apoptosis and xenograft model. Finally, using multiple assays, the transcriptional regulation of interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) by PITX2 was studied at both molecular and functional levels. RESULTS: PITX2 expression was induced in letrozole-resistant BCa tissues and cells, and PITX2 induction by IFNα signaling powerfully protected BCa cells against letrozole insult and potentiated letrozole-resistance. Mechanistically, PITX2 enhanced IFNα-induced AKT activation by transactivating the transcription of IFITM1, thus rendering BCa cells unresponsive to letrozoleelicited cell death. Additionally, ablation of IFITM1 expression using siRNA substantially abolished IFNα-elicited AKT phosphorylation, even in the presence of PITX2 overexpression, thus sensitizing BCa cells to letrozole treatment. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that constitutive upregulation of PITX2/IFITM1 cascade is an intrinsic adaptive mechanism during the pathogenesis of letrozole-resistance, and modulation of PITX2/IFITM1 level using different genetic and pharmacological means would thus have a novel therapeutic potential against letrozole resistance in BCa.

miR-1271 inhibits ERα expression and confers letrozole resistance in breast cancer.

Attenuation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression via unknown mechanism(s) is a hallmark of endocrine-resistant breast cancer (BCa) progression. Here, we report that miR-1271 was significantly down-regulated in letrozole-resistant BCa tissues and in letrozole-resistant BCa cells. miR-1271 directly targeted the chromatin of DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) gene. miR-1271 expression level was inversely correlated to DDIT3 mRNA level in BCa biopsies. Form a mechanistic standpoint, reintroduction of exogenous miR-1271 could effectively restore ERα level via inhibiting DDIT3 expression, thereby potentiating letrozole sensitivity in BCa cells. Moreover, DDIT3 deregulation promoted letrozole-resistance by acting as a potent corepressor of ESR1 transcription. Taken together, we have identified that disruption of the miR-1271/DDIT3/ERα cascade plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of letrozole resistance in BCa.

Evaluation of Biogas Production Performance and Archaeal Microbial Dynamics of Corn Straw during Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Cattle Manure Liquid.

The rational utilization of crop straw as a raw material for natural gas production is of economic significance. In order to increase the efficiency of biogas production from agricultural straw, seasonal restrictions must be overcome. Therefore, the potential for biogas production via anaerobic straw digestion was assessed by exposing fresh, silage, and dry yellow corn straw to cow dung liquid extract as a nitrogen source. The characteristics of anaerobic corn straw digestion were comprehensively evaluated by measuring the pH, gas production, chemical oxygen demand, methane production, and volatile fatty acid content, as well as applying a modified Gompertz model and high-throughput sequencing technology to the resident microbial community. The efficiency of biogas production from fresh straw (433.8 ml/g) was higher than that of production from straw silage and dry yellow straw (46.55 ml/g and 68.75 ml/g, respectively). The cumulative biogas production from fresh straw, silage straw, and dry yellow straw was 365 l(-1) g(-1) VS, 322 l(-1) g-1 VS, and 304 l(-1) g(-1) VS, respectively, whereas cumulative methane production was 1,426.33%, 1,351.35%, and 1,286.14%, respectively, and potential biogas production was 470.06 ml(-1) g(-1) VS, 461.73 ml(-1) g(-1) VS, and 451.76 ml(-1) g(-1) VS, respectively. Microbial community analysis showed that the corn straw was mainly metabolized by acetate-utilizing methanogens, with Methanosaeta as the dominant archaeal community. These findings provide important guidance to the biogas industry and farmers with respect to rational and efficient utilization of crop straw resources as material for biogas production.

Degradation of lignocelluloses in rice straw by BMC-9, a composite microbial system.

To evaluate the potential utility of pretreatment of raw biomass with a complex microbial system, we investigated the degradation of rice straw by BMC-9, a lignocellulose decomposition strain obtained from a biogas slurry compost environment. The degradation characteristics and corresponding changes in the bacterial community were assessed. The results showed that rapid degradation occurred from day 0 to day 9, with a peak total biomass bacterium concentration of 3.3 × 10(8) copies/ml on day 1. The pH of the fermentation broth declined initially and then increased, and the mass of rice straw decreased steadily. The highest concentrations of volatile fatty acid contents (0.291 mg/l lactic acid, 0.31 mg/l formic acid, 1.93 mg/l acetic acid, and 0.73 mg/l propionic acid) as well as the highest xylanse activity (1.79 U/ml) and carboxymethyl cellulase activity (0.37 U/ml) occurred on day 9. The greatest diversity among the microbial community also occurred on day 9, with the presence of bacteria belonging to Clostridium sp., Bacillus sp., and Geobacillus sp. Together, our results indicate that BMC-9 has a strong ability to rapidly degrade the lignocelluloses of rice straw under relatively inexpensive conditions, and the optimum fermentation time is 9 days.