Enhancing Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposites with Carboxy-Functionalized Graphene: An In-Depth Analysis of Mechanical, Barrier, Electrical, Antibacterial, and Chemical Properties.

To enhance the various properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), varying concentrations of carboxy-functionalized graphene (CFG) were employed in the preparation of CFG/PVA nanocomposite films. FTIR and XRD analyses revealed that CFG, in contrast to graphene, not only possesses carboxylic acid group but also exhibits higher crystallinity. Mechanical testing indicated a notable superiority of CFG addition over graphene, with optimal mechanical properties such as tensile and yield strengths being achieved at a 3% CFG concentration. Relative to pure PVA, the tensile strength and yield strength of the composite increased by 2.07 and 2.01 times, respectively. XRD analysis showed distinct changes in the crystalline structure of PVA with the addition of CFG, highlighting the influence of CFG on the composite structure. FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed the formation of ester bonds between CFG and PVA, enhancing the overall performance of the material. TGA results also demonstrated that the presence of CFG enhanced the thermal stability of CFG/PVA nanocomposite films. However, analyses using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that a 3% concentration of CFG was uniformly dispersed, whereas a 6% concentration of CFG caused aggregation of the nanofiller, leading to a decrease in performance. The incorporation of CFG significantly enhanced the water vapor and oxygen barrier properties of PVA, with the best performance observed at a 3% CFG concentration. Beyond this concentration, barrier properties were diminished owing to CFG aggregation. The study further demonstrated an increase in electrical conductivity and hydrophobicity of the nanocomposites with the addition of CFG. Antibacterial tests against E. coli showed that CFG/PVA nanocomposites exhibited excellent antibacterial properties, especially at higher CFG concentrations. These findings indicate that CFG/PVA nanocomposites, with an optimized CFG concentration, have significant potential for applications requiring enhanced mechanical strength, barrier properties, and antibacterial capabilities.

Palladium/NBE-Catalyzed Regioselective C-H Silylation: Access to Divergent Silicon-Containing Indoles.

A palladium/norbornene (NBE)-catalyzed regioselective C-H silylation of free NH-indoles is reported. This protocol uses Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst and Cu(OAc)2 as the oxidant, and the reaction relies on the control of NBE as a switch. The reaction tolerates various functional groups, and a series of silicon-containing indoles were directly synthesized in 30%-94% yields.

Synthesis of Fluoren-9-ones via Pd-Catalyzed Annulation of 2-Iodobiphenyls with Vinylene Carbonate.

A palladium-catalyzed reaction for intermolecular selective C-H cyclocarbonylation of 2-iodobiphenyls is described. Intriguingly, the vinylene carbonate acts as a carbon monoxide transfer agent to enable the annulation reaction. Moreover, as a versatile synthon, fluoren-9-one can be transformed into a variety of functionalized organic molecules, such as [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid, 1'H,3'H-spiro[fluorene-9,2'-perimidine] and N-tosylhydrazones.

NBE-Controlled Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Selective C-H Silylation of Boronic Acids.

An efficient palladium-catalyzed intermolecular selective C-H silylation of boronic acids is described. The combination of palladium catalyst with copper oxidant enables ortho-selective C-H silylation by employing hexamethyldisilane as the trimethylsilyl source, which relies on the control of NBE derivatives as a switch, thus providing straightforward access to divergent organosilicon compounds.

Selective capacitive removal of Pb2+ ion contaminants from drinking water via nickel foam/Mn2CoO4@tannic acid-Fe3+ electrodes.

The health hazards caused by low concentrations of Pb2+ ions in drinking water systems are of significant concern. In order to remove Pb2+ ions and retain Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ as harmless competitive ions without simultaneous removal, nickel foam (NF)/Mn2CoO4@tannic acid (TA)-Fe3+ electrodes were prepared by a hydrothermal method and a coating method and an asymmetric capacitive deionization (CDI) system is established using the prepared electrodes and a graphite paper positive electrode. The designed asymmetric CDI system exhibited a high Pb2+ adsorption capacity of 375 mg g-1 with high removal efficiency and significant regeneration behavior at 1.4 V at neutral pH. When the asymmetric CDI system is used to enrich a hydrous solution of mixed Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Pb2+ ions each with a concentration of 10 ppm and 100 ppm by electrosorption at a 1.4 V operating voltage, the removal rate of Pb2+ is as high as 100% and 70.8% respectively, and the relative selectivity coefficients are 4.51-43.22. According to the different adsorption mechanisms of lead ions and coexisting ions, the separation and recovery of ions can be realized by a two-step desorption process, thereby providing a new method for removing Pb2+ ions from drinking water with excellent application potential.

Secular trend analysis of antibiotic utilisation in some hospitals in Southern Sichuan from 2010 to 2020.

In order to assess the effectiveness of the Special Antimicrobial Stewardship Campaign launched by Ministry of Health of China in 2011, this study focused on the effectiveness and trends in the clinical use of antimicrobial drugs in selected hospitals in Southern Sichuan, China. This study collected and analyzed antibiotic data from 9 hospitals in Southern Sichuanin 2010, 2015, and 2020, including the rate of antibiotic use, expense, the intensity of antibiotic use and antibiotic use during the type I incisions of perioperative period. After 10 years of continuous improvement, the utilization rate of antibiotics in outpatients of the 9 hospitals continued to decline and was controlled below 20% by 2020, while the utilization rate in inpatients also significantly decreased, most were controlled within 60%. The use intensity of antibiotics (DDD (defined daily doses) per 100 bed-days) decreased from an average of 79.95 in 2010 to 37.96 in 2020. The prophylactic use of antibiotics decreased significantly in type I incision. The proportion of use within 30 min-1 h before operation was significantly increased. After the special rectification and sustained development of the clinical application of antibiotics, the relevant indicators of antibiotics tend to be stable, indicating that this Administration of antimicrobial drugs is conducive to improving the level of rational clinical application of antibiotics.

Mn-catalyzed electrooxidative radical phosphorylation of 2-isocyanobiaryls.

As an efficient and green synthesis method, the electrocatalysis hydrogen evolution coupling reaction has been widely used by chemists to realize the combining of two nucleophiles. In this work, an alternative method to synthesize 6-phosphorylated phenanthridines has been developed by synergistically utilizing electrocatalysis and Mn catalysis, with moderate to relatively good yields achieved. Mild and oxidant-free conditions make this synthetic method applicable in various settings.

Efficacy of administrative intervention for neurosurgical patients with off-label use of alprostadil lipid microsphere.

As an adjuvant drug, alprostadil lipid microsphere injection (Lipo-PGE1) is one of the best-selling drugs in China in recent years. However, the off-label use of Lipo-PGE1 is very common. This study aimed to investigate the use of Lipo-PGE1 and evaluate the clinical effects and economic benefits after administrative intervention on inappropriate use of Lipo-PGE1 in neurosurgical patients in a Chinese tertiary hospital. Administrative interventions were implemented from January to December 2018 by reducing the procurement volume of Lipo-PGE1, judging the rationality of medical records, and establishing reward and punishment mechanisms. Administrative interventions significantly decreased prescription rate (49.98% vs 22.49%), utilization (22,311 DDDs vs 8334 DDDs), drug use density (43.52 DDDs/TID vs 15.84 DDDs/TID), total expenditure (3.58 million RMB vs 1.30 million RMB), and average expenditure (2025.04 RMB vs 1466.49 RMB) of Lipo-PGE1. To our delight, these intervention effects were maintained or even better in the 1-year post-intervention period. Moreover, in the intervention and post-intervention phases, the Lipo-PGE1 use for no indications as well as inappropriate drug dose, frequency, menstruum type, combination, and contraindication were markedly reduced. Besides, the mean costs (P < 0.001), and mean duration (P < 0.001) of Lipo-PGE1 were also obviously decreased. The administrative intervention obviously reduced the off-label use of Lipo-PGE1. However, there still remains a number of inappropriate uses of Lipo-PGE1. To further improve the rational use of Lipo-PGE1, combination of administrative intervention and real-time clinical pharmacists intervention should be implemented.

Impact of proton pump inhibitor management committee's multifaceted interventions on acid suppressant prescribing patterns in outpatient and emergency departments.

BACKGROUND: A nationwide campaign for rational proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use launched in 2015 had a positive impact for hospitalized patients PPI use. But there were few studies focusing on the rational use of PPIs in outpatients. In 2018, the PPI management committee conducted a year-long intervention on the appropriate use of PPIs in outpatient and emergency departments, including clinical pharmacist interventions and stewardship interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the PPI management committee's multifaceted interventions by comparing the real-world acid suppressant prescribing patterns for outpatients before (2017) and after intervention (2019) at a Chinese tertiary teaching hospital. METHODS: Prescriptions containing any acid suppressant in outpatient and emergency departments in baseline (2017) and postintervention (2019) periods were extracted from the hospital information system and the prescription automatic screening system. Acid suppressant prescribing patterns were evaluated based on primary diagnoses and patient demographics. The prescribed acid suppressants stratified using age groups (< 7, 7-17, 18-45, 46-65, 66-85 and > 85 years) were also examined. RESULT: The utilization rate of acid suppressant in 2017 and 2019 was 2.5% (41,165/1,619,366) and 2.2% (49,550/2,236,471), respectively (P < 0.0001). 60,135 acid suppressant prescriptions were obtained in 2017 and 73,275 in 2019. The rate of acid suppressant prescriptions for the approved indications significantly increased from 62.6% (2017) to 65.4% (2019) (P < 0.0001). Prescriptions diagnosed as abnormal symptoms, signs and clinical manifestations, decreased in 2019 (13.0% vs. 16.5%, P < 0.0001). The most frequently prescribed PPIs differed between 2017 and 2019 (rabeprazole 2017 vs. esomeprazole 2019). Omeprazole was the most common PPI and cimetidine was the most common H2RA prescribed to patients aged < 18 years in 2017 and 2019. A total of CNY11.83 million was spent on acid suppressants in 2019, accounting for about 48.7% of total medication cost, increased by 11.3% from 2017 (37.4%). CONCLUSION: The proportion of acid suppressant prescriptions for approved indications was enhanced after the PPI management committee's multifaceted interventions, but there were still some problems in the selection of acid suppressants.

Anisotropic plasmonic Pd-tipped Au nanorods for near-infrared light-activated photoacoustic imaging guided photothermal-photodynamic cancer therapy.

The integration of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising cancer treatment method. Herein, anisotropic metal hetero-nanostructure Pd-tipped Au nanorods (PTA NRs) were fabricated, which exhibit plasmon-enhanced photothermal performance under near-infrared laser irradiation. Due to their anisotropic nanostructure, PTA NRs promote the generation of energetic hot electrons and prolong the separation time of electrons and holes. The hot electrons could generate heat energy through the electron-phonon relaxation process and produce reactive oxygen species through energy and electron transformation processes. Because of their high NIR absorption cross-section, as well as good photostability, PTA NRs can be used for NIR-activated photoacoustic imaging-guided PTT-PDT combination cancer therapy. Experiments in tumor-bearing mice proved that PTA NRs exhibit excellent anti-tumor effects, with little side effects on normal organs, making them promising for NIR cancer phototherapy.

Pb Induces MCP-1 in the Choroid Plexus.

Lead (Pb) is an environmental element that has been implicated in the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, innate immune activation contributes to AD pathophysiology. However, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. The choroid plexus (CP) is not only the site of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, but also an important location for communication between the circulation and the CSF. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the CP during Pb exposure by evaluating the expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). MCP-1 is highly expressed in the CP compared to other CNS tissues. MCP-1 regulates macrophage infiltration and is upregulated in AD brains. Our study revealed that Pb exposure stimulated MCP-1 expression, along with a significantly increased macrophage infiltration into the CP. By using cultured Z310 rat CP cells, Pb exposure stimulated MCP-1 expression in a dose-related fashion and markedly activated both NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase. Interestingly, both SB 203580, a p38 inhibitor, and BAY 11-7082, an NF-κB p65 inhibitor, significantly blocked Pb-induced MCP-1 expression. However, SB203580 did not directly inhibit NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. In conclusion, Pb exposure stimulates MCP-1 expression via the p38 and NF-κB p65 pathways along with macrophage infiltration into the CP.

Effect of Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine on Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function After Abdominal Surgery in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Postoperative ileus is common after abdominal surgery, and small clinical studies have reported that intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine may be associated with improvements in postoperative gastrointestinal function. However, findings have been inconsistent and study samples have been small. Further examination of the effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative gastrointestinal function is needed. Objective: To evaluate the effects of intraoperative intravenous dexmedetomidine vs placebo on postoperative gastrointestinal function among older patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University in Hefei, China (lead site), and 12 other tertiary hospitals in Anhui Province, China. A total of 808 participants aged 60 years or older who were scheduled to receive abdominal surgery with an expected surgical duration of 1 to 6 hours were enrolled. The study was conducted from August 21, 2018, to December 9, 2019. Interventions: Dexmedetomidine infusion (a loading dose of 0.5 µg/kg over 15 minutes followed by a maintenance dose of 0.2 µg/kg per hour) or placebo infusion (normal saline) during surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was time to first flatus. Secondary outcomes were postoperative gastrointestinal function measured by the I-FEED (intake, feeling nauseated, emesis, physical examination, and duration of symptoms) scoring system, time to first feces, time to first oral feeding, incidence of delirium, pain scores, sleep quality, postoperative nausea and vomiting, hospital costs, and hospital length of stay. Results: Among 808 patients enrolled, 404 were randomized to receive intraoperative dexmedetomidine, and 404 were randomized to receive placebo. In total, 133 patients (60 in the dexmedetomidine group and 73 in the placebo group) were excluded because of protocol deviations, and 675 patients (344 in the dexmedetomidine group and 331 in the placebo group; mean [SD] age, 70.2 [6.1] years; 445 men [65.9%]) were included in the per-protocol analysis. The dexmedetomidine group had a significantly shorter time to first flatus (median, 65 hours [IQR, 48-78 hours] vs 78 hours [62-93 hours], respectively; P < .001), time to first feces (median, 85 hours [IQR, 68-115 hours] vs 98 hours [IQR, 74-121 hours]; P = .001), and hospital length of stay (median, 13 days [IQR, 10-17 days] vs 15 days [IQR, 11-18 days]; P = .005) than the control group. Postoperative gastrointestinal function (as measured by the I-FEED score) and delirium incidence were similar in the dexmedetomidine and control groups (eg, 248 patients [72.1%] vs 254 patients [76.7%], respectively, had I-FEED scores indicating normal postoperative gastrointestinal function; 18 patients [5.2%] vs 12 patients [3.6%] had delirium on postoperative day 3). Conclusions and Relevance: In this randomized clinical trial, the administration of intraoperative dexmedetomidine reduced the time to first flatus, time to first feces, and length of stay after abdominal surgery. These results suggest that this therapy may be a viable strategy to enhance postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function among older adults. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1800017232.

Dual-Aptamer-Assisted AND Logic Gate for Cyclic Enzymatic Signal Amplification Electrochemical Detection of Tumor-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), often referred to as exosomes, are potential biomarkers for noninvasive cancer diagnosis. However, because of their phenotype heterogeneity, precise detection of tumor-derived sEVs is a great challenge. Herein, a dual-aptamer-assisted AND logic gate was fabricated for sensitive electrochemical detection of tumor-derived sEVs based on a cyclic enzymatic signal amplification strategy. Four different tumor-derived sEVs were used to verify the feasibility of the AND logic gate, and CCRF-CEM sEVs were successfully detected by this assay. The electrochemical assay shows a good linear response from 4 × 103 to 8 × 107 particles/µL, with a detection limit of 920 particles/µL, for CCRF-CEM sEVs, indicating potential application in accurate cancer diagnostics.

Electrochemical aptasensor for exosomal proteins profiling based on DNA nanotetrahedron coupled with enzymatic signal amplification.

Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles for transferring and delivering membrane and cytosolic molecules between cells. Detection and profiling of exosomal proteins can provide direct information on disease progression, which is important to the early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Herein, a well-designed electrochemical aptasensor was fabricated for the profiling of cancerous exosomal proteins based on DNA nanotetrahedron (NTH) coupled with Au nanoparticles (NPs) and enzymatic signal amplification. In this assay, the aptamer modified DNA NTHs were used as the recognition and capture unit, Au NPs-DNA conjugates coupled with horseradish peroxidase were used to realize signal amplification. This aptasensor achieves a detection limit down to 1.66 × 104 particles/mL for HepG2 liver cancer exosomes. In addition, the analysis of plasma-derived exosomes in HepG2 liver cancer bearing mice at different cancer stages was also achieved. More importantly, the aptasensor can be used to profile four kinds of exosomal proteins by using the corresponding aptamer. The proposed electrochemical aptasensor may be served as a potential platform for exosome detection and exosomal proteins profiling.

Comparison Between Intravenous Nalbuphine and Lidocaine in Reducing Propofol-Induced Injection Pain During Gastroscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Intravenous propofol anesthesia is widely used in painless endoscopy. However, propofol injection pain is a common adverse effect. This study investigated the effects of nalbuphine and lidocaine in reducing propofol-induced injection pain. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized study, 330 patients were randomly divided into three groups by using a random number table: the nalbuphine group (N), lidocaine group (L), and control group (C). The N, L, and C groups received either 0.1 mg/kg nalbuphine, 0.5 mg/kg lidocaine, or an equivalent volume of normal saline, respectively, as pretreatment drug. Then propofol was manually injected. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of propofol-induced injection pain, and secondary outcomes included the severity of propofol-induced injection pain, vital signs, and adverse events, including hypotension, bradycardia (< 50 beats/min), hypoxemia (SpO2 < 90%), drowsiness, physical movement, and cough. RESULTS: The percentages of patients with propofol injection pain were higher in group C than in group N and group L (64, 34, and 27%, respectively, p < 0.05). The percentage of patients with severe pain after propofol injection was significantly higher in group C than in group N and group L (12, 1, and 0%, respectively, p < 0.05). The doses of propofol in group C and group L were significantly higher than that in group N. More patients suffered hypoxemia in group N than in group C and group L. Then, less patients got physical movement and cough in group N. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment with nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg was effective in reducing propofol-induced injection pain and propofol consumption. Propofol combined with nalbuphine can be safely and effectively used during gastroscopy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; ChiCTR1900025438.

Dexmedetomidine alleviates non-ventilation associated lung injury via modulating immunology phenotypes of macrophages.

AIMS: We aimed to evaluate the effect of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) on immunology function of macrophages and inflammatory reactions in non-ventilated lung tissues from both humans and rats. MAIN METHODS: Patients scheduled for lung lobectomy were randomly assigned to traditional anesthesia group or Dex anesthesia group, 15 subjects in each group. CD68, CD86 and CD206 were used to mark activate and polarized macrophages using immunofluorescence staining in human lung tissues. Sprague-Dawley rats were used to set lung injury model and randomly divided into Control group, one-lung ventilation group (CLI group) and CLI + Dex group. Lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from non-ventilated lungs were collected. The acquired lung tissues were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and the inflammatory cells in BALF were calculated. Levels of cytokines and chemokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). KEY FINDINGS: Results from humans showed that anesthesia with Dex decreased the number of both CD68 positive cells and CD86 positive cells and down-regulated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in human lung. Results from rats demonstrated that treatment with Dex reversed the increased inflammatory cells in lung and the increased levels of TNF-α, interleukin-1ß (IL-ß), MCP-1 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) resulted from non-ventilation; Dex increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in BALF from non-ventilated lung. SIGNIFICANCE: This study showed that Dex modulated the activation and immunological function of macrophages in non-ventilated lung and revealed a protective role in collapsed lung injury.

AIBN-Induced Remote Trifluoromethyl-Alkynylation of Thioalkynes.

A novel α,α'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN)-induced remote trifluoromethyl-alkynylation of thioalkynes with alkynyl triflones as both the trifluoromethyl and alkyne sources is described. Structurally diverse trifluoromethylated (Z)-enynes can be constructed with full control of regio-, stereo-, and site-selectivity, which serves as a highly selective method for the rapid construction of trifluoromethylated molecules.

Characterization of network bonding created by intercalated functionalized graphene and polyvinyl alcohol in nanocomposite films for reinforced mechanical properties and barrier performance.

Graphene that consists of less than 10 layers is expensive; moreover, it tends to agglomerate. These disadvantages restrict its utility. In this regard, the present study aimed to reduce the number of layers of a functionalized graphene (FG) with 10-30 layers to less than 10 layers by using an ultrasonic processor. We prepared nanocomposite films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporated with FG by a simple hydrothermal method and ultrasonic dispersion. Oxygen transmission rate and water vapor permeability were considerably increased on account of modifying PVA with FG. Furthermore, the mechanical properties, thermostability, and barrier properties were improved. The barrier efficiency of the nanocomposites at different temperatures remained high for long periods of operation because of the network bonding. A simple procedure involving relatively low-cost nanomaterials could unlock the potential of nanocomposite FG/PVA films in the fields of coating, packaging, and semiconductor materials.

Electrochemical Sensing of Exosomal MicroRNA Based on Hybridization Chain Reaction Signal Amplification with Reduced False-Positive Signals.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer cell-derived exosomes are important cancer biomarkers. Herein, a sensitive hybridization chain reaction (HCR) electrochemical assay was fabricated for the detection of exosomal microRNA-122 (miR-122). The hairpin DNA (hpDNA) probes were first immobilized on the surface of a gold electrode. In the presence of miR-122, the hairpin structure of the hpDNA could be opened and triggered the HCR through the cross-opening and hybridization of two helper DNA hairpins. Long nicked double helixes generated from HCR are used to capture more RuHex and increase the signal of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). In this assay, the density of the hpDNA probes on the surface of the gold electrode was precisely controlled by the simultaneous immobilization of hpDNA and short 12 nucleotides single-stranded DNA (S-12), providing a very high amplification efficiency. More importantly, the false positive signal could be reduced or completely eliminated by applying exonuclease I (Exo I) before the introduction of target miR-122. Under optimal conditions, the assay offers very high sensitivity with an attomolar level detection limit, a linear range with 9 orders of magnitude, and specificity in single mismatch discrimination. This sensitive electrochemical assay could successfully evaluate the miR-122 concentration in different cancer-derived exosomes, indicating its potential use in cancer diagnostics.

Ultrasound-Guided Artery Cannulation Technique Versus Palpation Technique in Adult Patients in Pre-Anesthesia Room: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND The ultrasonography-guided technique is superior to the traditional palpation technique for artery cannulation. However, considering the complexity of assembling the ultrasonography machine, this technique has not been extensively used. Here, we compared the ultrasonography-guided technique with the traditional palpation technique in adult patients in the pre-anesthesia room. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 66 patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: the ultrasonography group and the palpation group. Anesthesiologists then cannulated the radial artery via either method. The primary outcomes included the first-attempt success and total success rates, as well as the cannulation duration and total procedure duration. The secondary outcome was the rate of complications attributable to cannulation. RESULTS Overall, 60 patients were analyzed in the present study. The first-attempt success rate in the ultrasonography group (96.6%) was significantly higher than that in the palpation group (73.3%; P=0.03). There was no significant difference in the cannulation duration and the total procedure duration between the 2 groups. The rate of complications caused by cannulation in 2 groups was similar. CONCLUSIONS The ultrasonography-guided radial artery cannulation technique is more efficient for arterial cannulation in the pre-anesthesia room compared with the traditional palpation method.