Research trends of bio-application of major components in lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) in orthopedics fields based on the bibliometric analysis: A review.

Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are the major bio-components in lignocellulosic biomass (BC-LB), which possess excellent biomechanical properties and biocompatibility to satisfy the demands of orthopedic applications. To understand the basis and trends in the development of major bio-components in BC-LB in orthopedics, the bibliometric technology was applied to get unique insights based on the published papers (741) in the Web of Science (WOS) database from January 1st, 2001, to February 14th, 2023. The analysis includes the annual distributions of publications, keywords co-linearity, research hotspots exploration, author collaboration networks, published journals, and clustering of co-cited literature. The results reveal a steady growth in publications focusing on the application of BC-LB in orthopedics, with China and the United States leading in research output. The "International Journal of Biological Macromolecules" was identified as the most cited journal for BC-LB research in orthopedics. The research hotspots encompassed bone tissue engineering, cartilage tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems, indicating the fundamental research and potential development in these areas. This study also highlights the challenges associated with the clinical application of BC-LB in orthopedics and provides valuable insights for future advancements in the field.

TSA-PACT: a method for tissue clearing and immunofluorescence staining on zebrafish brain with improved sensitivity, specificity and stability.

For comprehensive studies of the brain structure and function, fluorescence imaging of the whole brain is essential. It requires large-scale volumetric imaging in cellular or molecular resolution, which could be quite challenging. Recent advances in tissue clearing technology (e.g. CLARITY, PACT) provide new solutions by homogenizing the refractive index of the samples to create transparency. However, it has been difficult to acquire high quality results through immunofluorescence (IF) staining on the cleared samples. To address this issue, we developed TSA-PACT, a method combining tyramide signal amplification (TSA) and PACT, to transform samples into hydrogel polymerization frameworks with covalent fluorescent biomarkers assembled. We show that TSA-PACT is able to reduce the opacity of the zebrafish brain by more than 90% with well-preserved structure. Compared to traditional method, TSA-PACT achieves approximately tenfold signal amplification and twofold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, both the structure and the fluorescent signal persist for at least 16 months with excellent signal retention ratio. Overall, this method improves immunofluorescence signal sensitivity, specificity and stability in the whole brain of juvenile and adult zebrafish, which is applicable for fine structural analysis, neural circuit mapping and three-dimensional cell counting.

The preparation technology and application of xylo-oligosaccharide as prebiotics in different fields: A review.

Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) is a class of functional oligosaccharides that have been demonstrated with prebiotic activity over several decades. XOS has several advantages relative to other oligosaccharide molecules, such as promoting root development as a plant regulator, a sugar supplement for people, and prebiotics to promote intestinal motility utilization health. Now, the preparation and extraction process of XOS is gradually mature, which can maximize the extraction and avoid waste. To fully understand the recent preparation and application of XOS in different areas, we summarized the various technologies for obtaining XOS (including acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrothermal pretreatment, and alkaline extraction) and current applications of XOS, including in animal feed, human food additives, and medicine. It is hoped that this review will serve as an entry point for those looking into the prebiotic field of research, and perhaps begin to dedicate their work toward this exciting classification of bio-based molecules.

Metabolic responses in the cortex and hippocampus induced by Il-15rα mutation.

Significant inroads have been achieved in our understanding of neuropathology with the discovery of the crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems. In the neuro-immune crosstalk, interleukin-15 (IL-15) and its receptors are essential mediators. The IL-15 system has been found to act on peripheral metabolism, including glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, whether it promotes neuropsychiatric disorders by affecting CNS metabolism remains unclear, warranting further exploration. Herein, we performed untargeted GC-MS metabolomics between Il-15rα mutant mice and wildtype mice. The results showed that Il-15rα mutation led to metabolic alternations in the cortex and hippocampus, some of which potentially exert detrimental effects on brain health. The identification of neurotransmitter (GABA and 5-hydroxytryptophan), energy (glycolysis and ketone bodies) and lipid (cholesterol and fatty acids) metabolism disorders corroborates the findings of previous studies on the IL-15 system. Moreover, anandamide and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate were novel potential candidates. These findings enhance our understanding of the IL-15 system and its interactions with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Bibliometric Insights in Advances of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Research Landscapes, Turning Points, and Global Trends.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancers are the most common endocrine malignancies with a dramatic increase in incidences. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare but deadly form among thyroid cancers. To better understand of this field, we assessed the global scientific outputs and tried to depict its overview via bibliometric methods. METHODS: Approximately 1,492 science publications published between 1997 and 2020 were included by systematic retrieval in the WoS database. The general information of them was characterized, and the developmental skeleton and research frontiers were explored. RESULTS: The article number in this field has been increasing in the past 24 years. North America, East Asia, and Western Europe have reached remarkable achievements. Mutations of BARF and TERT and their downstream pathways have attracted researchers' attention, where genetic diagnosis provides new clinical insight and several targeted therapeutic approaches have been on the clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: Numerous efforts have been made to figure out gene expression reprogramming of anaplastic thyroid cancer and key mechanism in driving its dedifferentiation, invasion and migration process. Targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and systematic combination therapy are the recent current research hotspots. These results provide insightful clues for the funding direction and the potential breakthrough direction of the anaplastic thyroid cancer study.

Bibliometric Insights in Genetic Factors of Substance-Related Disorders: Intellectual Developments, Turning Points, and Emerging Trends.

Substance-related disorders are a group of medical conditions that affect a person's brain and behavior and lead to an inability to control the use of legal or illegal drug(s) or medication. Substance-related disorder is a serious public health and society problem worldwide. Genetic factors have been proven to have an important role. Researchers have carried out a lot of work in this field, and a large number of research results have been published in academic journals around the world. However, there are few overviews of research progress, presentation, and development trends in this field. In this study, a total of 636 articles related to genetic factors of substance-related disorders were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database from 1997 to 2018, and the scientific literatures were analyzed by bibliometrics. The study found that the United States (US) has maintained a leading position in the field of research, with many core institutions and plenty of high-quality research results. Alcohol use disorder is still the most concerning issue in this field. Over the past 20 years, new techniques such as genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on high-throughput sequencing technology have replaced family studies, twin studies, and retrospective studies in this field. We believe that it is urgent to study the genetic factors of substance-related disorders, which can greatly deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of substance-related disorders and may provide potential targets for precise treatment of such diseases.

Enhancing the enzymatic digestibility of bamboo residues by biphasic phenoxyethanol-acid pretreatment.

The high content of lignin in bamboo is considered as the major obstacle for its biorefining. In this work, a green, lignin-selective, and recyclable solvent of phenoxyethanol was coupled with acid solution to deconstruct recalcitrant structure of bamboo residues (BR) to boost its enzymatic digestibility. Results showed phenoxyethanol has excellent lignin-removal ability from 29.4% to 91.6% when phenoxyethanol:acid ratios increased from 0:1 to 4:1 at 120 °C. 82.5%-87.8% of cellulose was preserved in pretreated BR. The enzymatic digestibility of BR significantly improved from 20.0% to 91.3% when it was pretreated under optimized conditions. With lower enzyme dosages (10 FPU/g) and 5 recycled using of pretreatment liquor, pretreated BR still showed a good enzymatic digestibility of 67.4%-93.7% and 67.1-76.8%, respectively. Examination of physicochemical changes revealed that improvements to accessibility, reduction of crystallite size, decrease of surface lignin and hydrophobicity for pretreated BR showed positive correlations (R2 > 0.7) with their enzymatic digestibility.

A Bibliometric Insight of Genetic Factors in ASD: Emerging Trends and New Developments.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases have increased rapidly in recent decades, which is associated with various genetic abnormalities. To provide a better understanding of the genetic factors in ASD, we assessed the global scientific output of the related studies. A total of 2944 studies published between 1997 and 2018 were included by systematic retrieval from the Web of Science (WoS) database, whose scientific landscapes were drawn and the tendencies and research frontiers were explored through bibliometric methods. The United States has been acting as a leading explorer of the field worldwide in recent years. The rapid development of high-throughput technologies and bioinformatics transferred the research method from the traditional classic method to a big data-based pipeline. As a consequence, the focused research area and tendency were also changed, as the contribution of de novo mutations in ASD has been a research hotspot in the past several years and probably will remain one into the near future, which is consistent with the current opinions of the major etiology of ASD. Therefore, more attention and financial support should be paid to the deciphering of the de novo mutations in ASD. Meanwhile, the effective cooperation of multi-research centers and scientists in different fields should be advocated in the next step of scientific research undertaken.

Phenotypic Resemblance to Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Altered mRNA Profiles in Cortex and Hippocampus Underlying IL15Rα Knockout.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of the functions of IL15Rα have been limited to immune activities and skeletal muscle development. Immunological factors have been identified as one of the multiple causes of psychosis, and neurological symptoms have been described in IL15Rα knockout (KO) mice. Seeking to explore possible mechanisms for this in the IL15Rα-/- mouse brain, we analyzed gene expression patterns in the cortex and hippocampus using the RNA-seq technique. METHODS: IL15Rα KO mice were generated and littermate wildtype (WT) mice were used as a control group. A Y-maze was used to assess behavior differences between the two groups. The cortex and hippocampus of 3-month-old male mice were prepared and RNA-seq and transcriptome analysis were performed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). RESULTS: Compared with the WT group, IL15Rα KO animals showed higher speed in the novel arm and more entrance frequency in the old arm in the Y-maze experiment. GSEA indicated that 18 pathways were downregulated and 13 pathways upregulated in both cortex and hippocampus from the GO, KEGG, and Hallmark gene sets. The downregulated pathways formed three clusters: respiratory chain and electron transport, regulation of steroid process, and skeletal muscle development. CONCLUSION: IL15Rα KO mice exhibit altered expression of multiple pathways, which could affect many functions of the brain. Lipid biosynthesis and metabolism in the central nervous system (CNS) should be investigated to provide insights into the effect of IL15Rα on psychosis in this murine model.

[Malaria from control to elimination in China: transition of goal, strategy and interventions].

The Malaria Elimination Action Plan has been launched in China since 2010, to pursue the goal of national wide malaria elimination by 2020. To ensure the achievement of the goal, the strategy and interventions should be transited from control to elimination, based on the better understanding of malaria elimination. In this article, we delineate the difference between malaria control and elimination phase, and explain the importance of transition of the goal, strategy and interventions from control to elimination, also decrypt the background, definition, critical points and challenges of China's current malaria elimination strategy and interventions, to improve health workers' understanding and implementation of national elimination program at different levels, and eventually impact the progress of national elimination program.