Efficacy of endovascular therapy for cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cerebral vasospasm (CV) is a common complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Endovascular therapy, particularly intra-arterial vasodilator infusion (IAVI), has emerged as a potential alternative treatment for CV. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compare the efficacy of endovascular therapy with standard treatment in patients with CV following aSAH. The primary outcomes assessed were in-hospital mortality, discharge favorable outcome, and follow-up favorable outcome. Secondary outcomes included major infarction on CT, ICU stay duration, and total hospital stay. Results: Regarding our primary outcomes of interest, patients undergoing intervention exhibited a significantly lower in-hospital mortality compared to the standard treatment group, with the intervention group having only half the mortality risk (RR = 0.49, 95% CI [0.29, 0.83], p = 0.008). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of discharge favorable outcome (RR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.68, 1.45], p = 0.963) and follow-up favorable outcome (RR = 1.09, 95% CI [0.86, 1.39], p = 0.485). Additionally, there was no significant difference in major infarction rates (RR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.34, 1.84], p = 0.588). It is important to note that patients undergoing endovascular treatment experienced longer stays in the ICU (MD = 6.07, 95% CI [1.03, 11.12], p = 0.018) and extended hospitalization (MD = 5.6, 95% CI [3.63, 7.56], p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses based on the mode of endovascular treatment further supported the benefits of IAVI in lowering in-hospital mortality (RR = 0.5, 95% CI [0.27, 0.91], p = 0.023). Conclusion: Endovascular therapy, particularly IAVI, holds promising potential in reducing in-hospital mortality for patients with CV following aSAH. However, it did not show significant improvement in long-term prognosis and functional recovery. Further research with larger sample sizes and randomized controlled trials is necessary to validate these findings and optimize the treatment strategy for cerebral vasospasm in aSAH patients. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42023451741.

The effect of floating spline parameter on the dynamic characteristic of encased differential planetary gear train.

The load sharing performance of encased differential planetary system has a great impact on the operating performance and service life of the transmission system of the coaxial high speed helicopter. In order to improve the load-sharing performance of the gear pair, the influence of different floating spline structural parameters on the load sharing characteristics of the system was studied. Considering the manufacturing error, installation error, time varying meshing stiffness and other factors, the Lagrange equation is used to construct the dynamic model of encased differential planetary gear train with floating spline structure. The effects of input torque, spline clearance, spline shaft stiffness and spline friction coefficient on the load sharing performance of gear pairs were analyzed. The results show that the differential stage system has a better load sharing performance than the encased stage system. The increase of input torque helps to improve the load sharing performance of the system, and the improvement of the encased stage system is more obvious. The floating spline of sun gear of the encased stage has a greater impact on the load sharing performance of the system. Furthermore, increasing the floating spline clearance, reducing spline shaft stiffness or increasing the friction coefficient of the spline can improve the load sharing performance of the system overall.

Case report: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy superimposed on Charcot-Marie-tooth type 1A disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and COVID-19 infection.

Background: There is growing evidence that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 infection is associated with the development of immune mediated neuropathies like chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), but the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and COVID-19 infection on genetic disorders such as Charcot-MarieTooth (CMT) remains unclear. Case presentation: A 42-year-old male with occulted CMT neuropathy type lA (CMT1A) who developed limb numbness and weakness after the second SARS-CoV-2-vaccination was confirmed by identifying characteristic repeats in the p11.2 region of chromosome 17. Due to the progressive deterioration of muscle strength over 8 weeks, limb atrophy, moderately elevated protein counts in the cerebrospinal fluid, and significant improvement with intravenous human immunoglobulin, which were characteristic of acquired inflammatory neuropathies, he was eventually diagnosed with CIDP superimposed on CMT1A. However, after a three-month plateau, the patient contracted COVID-19, which led to repeated and worsening symptoms of limb weakness and atrophy, thus was diagnosed with a recurrence of CIDP and treated with Intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone 500 mg/d for 5 consecutive days, followed by oral prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil tablets. On 2 month follow-up, he exhibited remarkable clinical improvement and could walk independently with rocking gait. After 1 year of follow-up, the patient's condition was stable without further change. Conclusion: Our case indicates that CMT1A can deteriorate after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination should be considered a potential predisposing factor for CMT1A worsening. The possible superposition of CMTIA and CIDP in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection or immunity suggests that any clinical exacerbation in patients with CMT1A should be carefully evaluated to rule out treatable superposition inflammation. In addition, electrophysiological and imaging examination of the proximal nerves, such as the axillary nerve, is helpful for the diagnosis of CIDP.

Diagnostic accuracy of magnetically guided capsule endoscopy with a detachable string for detecting oesophagogastric varices in adults with cirrhosis: prospective multicentre study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of using magnetically guided capsule endoscopy with a detachable string (ds-MCE) for detecting and grading oesophagogastric varices in adults with cirrhosis. DESIGN: Prospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy study. SETTING: 14 medical centres in China. PARTICIPANTS: 607 adults (>18 years) with cirrhosis recruited between 7 January 2021 and 25 August 2022. Participants underwent ds-MCE (index test), followed by oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD, reference test) within 48 hours. The participants were divided into development and validation cohorts in a ratio of 2:1. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes were the sensitivity and specificity of ds-MCE in detecting oesophagogastric varices compared with OGD. Secondary outcomes included the sensitivity and specificity of ds-MCE for detecting high risk oesophageal varices and the diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for detecting high risk oesophagogastric varices, oesophageal varices, and gastric varices. RESULTS: ds-MCE and OGD examinations were completed in 582 (95.9%) of the 607 participants. Using OGD as the reference standard, ds-MCE had a sensitivity of 97.5% (95% confidence interval 95.5% to 98.7%) and specificity of 97.8% (94.4% to 99.1%) for detecting oesophagogastric varices (both P<0.001 compared with a prespecified 85% threshold). When using the optimal 18% threshold for luminal circumference of the oesophagus derived from the development cohort (n=393), the sensitivity and specificity of ds-MCE for detecting high risk oesophageal varices in the validation cohort (n=189) were 95.8% (89.7% to 98.4%) and 94.7% (88.2% to 97.7%), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for detecting high risk oesophagogastric varices, oesophageal varices, and gastric varices was 96.3% (92.6% to 98.2%), 96.9% (95.2% to 98.0%), and 96.7% (95.0% to 97.9%), respectively. Two serious adverse events occurred with OGD but none with ds-MCE. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that ds-MCE is a highly accurate and safe diagnostic tool for detecting and grading oesophagogastric varices and is a promising alternative to OGD for screening and surveillance of oesophagogastric varices in patients with cirrhosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03748563.

Environmental regulation, land use efficiency and industrial structure upgrading: Test analysis based on spatial durbin model and threshold effect.

Environmental regulation promotes industrial structure change and regional economic transformation through land use adjustment, which gets a new way to explore the path of reforming traditional industrialization and urbanization. Based on the panel data of 128 prefecture-level cities in China 's Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2020, this paper uses the spatial Dubin model to analyze the impact of environmental regulation and land use efficiency on the upgrading of industrial structure, and sets the panel threshold model to examine the impact of environmental regulation on the upgrading of industrial structure by affecting land use efficiency. The results show that formal environmental regulation has a significant positive spatial effect on the rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure, which are 0.1734 and 0.2854 respectively. Informal environmental regulation has a negative spillover effect on neighboring provinces but not significant. Heterogeneous environmental regulation has obvious "double threshold effect" on industrial upgrading by affecting land use efficiency. When the threshold of environmental regulation intensity is 0.0315-0.0886, environmental regulation still inhibits land use efficiency and industrial structure upgrading. When the threshold value is greater than 0.0886, environmental regulation has a positive impact on land use efficiency but not significant. With the intensity of environmental regulation from weak to strong, it will produce a double threshold effect of "strong inhibition-weak inhibition-interaction promotion" on the upgrading of manufacturing structure through the adjustment of land use efficiency.

Causal associations between gastroesophageal reflux disease and essential hypertension: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have reported that patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have a higher prevalence of hypertension. AIM: To performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal link between GERD and essential hypertension. METHODS: Eligible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected, and weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW) as well as MR egger (MR-Egger) regression were used to examine the potential causal association between GERD and hypertension. The MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier analysis was used to detect and attempt to reduce horizontal pleiotropy by removing outliers SNPs. The MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test and "leave-one-out" sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneities, and stability of single instrumental variable. RESULTS: IVW analysis exhibited an increased risk of hypertension (OR = 1.46, 95%CI: 1.33-1.59, P = 2.14E-16) in GERD patients. And the same result was obtained in replication practice (OR = 1.002, 95%CI: 1.0008-1.003, P = 0.000498). Meanwhile, the IVW analysis showed an increased risk of systolic blood pressure (ß = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.11-1.44, P = 0.021) and hypertensive heart disease (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.36-2.08, P = 0.0000016) in GERD patients. Moreover, we found an decreased risk of Barrett's esophagus (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.83-0.99, P = 0.043) in essential hypertension patients. CONCLUSION: We found that GERD would increase the risk of essential hypertension, which provided a novel prevent and therapeutic perspectives of essential hypertension.

Molecular Classification of Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma With Microcystic Elongated and Fragmented Pattern.

The studies on the molecular classification of endometrioid carcinoma (EC) with microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) pattern invasion are limited. In this study, 77 cases of ECs with MELF patterns in Chinese women were collected. The molecular classification of the fifth edition of the World Health Organization was used to classify the molecular subtypes using immunohistochemistry staining (mismatch repair [MMR]-immunohistochemistry: MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2; p53) and Sanger sequencing targeted POLE . The results showed that the prevalence of the 4 molecular subtypes in EC with MELF pattern was 6.5% (5/77) for POLE mutation, 20.8% (16/77) for MMR deficient, 11.7% (9/77) for p53-mutant, and 61.0% (47/77) for no specific molecular profile. The clinicopathological characteristics of each subtype were compared. The p53-mutant and no specific molecular profile subgroups were associated with higher International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade, deeper myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, lymph node metastasis, and absence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, whereas the POLE mutation and MMR deficient subgroups were associated with lower aggressive features and prominent tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Progression-free survival showed that the p53-mutant and no specific molecular profile subgroups had a poorer prognosis than the POLE mutation and MMR deficient subgroups. However, lymph node metastasis was an independent factor associated with a higher risk of disease recurrence in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, ECs with MELF patterns can be divided into 4 molecular subtypes with discrepancies in aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Molecular classification has clinical significance in a morpho-molecular approach for ECs with MELF patterns.

Factors and Their Impact on Treatment Effect of Acupuncture in Different Outcomes: A Meta-Regression of Acupuncture Randomized Controlled Trials / 中国结合医学杂志

BACKGROUND@#The effects of acupuncture have varied in different randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and there are many factors that influence treatment effect of acupuncture in different outcomes, with conflicting results.@*OBJECTIVE@#To identify factors and their impact on the treatment effect of acupuncture in different outcomes.@*METHODS@#Acupuncture RCTs were searched from 7 databases including Medline (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and China Biology Medicine disc between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2019. Eligible studies must compare acupuncture to no acupuncture, sham acupuncture, or waiting lists, and report at least 1 patient-important outcome. A multi-level meta-regression was conducted using a 3-level robust mixed model and univariate analyses were performed for all independent variables, even those excluded from the multivariable model due to collinearities. We used thresholds of 0.2 and 0.4 for the difference of standardized mean differences (SMDs), categorising them as small (<0.2), moderate (0.2-0.4), or large (>0.4) effects.@*RESULTS@#The pain construct analysis involved 211 effect estimates from 153 studies and 14 independent variables. High-frequency acupuncture treatment sessions produced larger effects compared to low-frequency sessions [large magnitude, the difference of adjusted SMDs 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07 to 0.84; P=0.02]. The non-pain symptoms construct analysis comprised 323 effect estimates from 231 studies and 15 independent variables. Penetrating acupuncture showed moderately larger effects when compared to non-penetrating acupuncture (0.30, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.53; P=0.01). The function construct analysis included 495 effect estimates from 274 studies and 14 independent variables. Penetrating acupuncture and the flexible acupuncture regimen showed moderately larger effects, compared to non-penetrating acupuncture and fixed regimen, respectively (0.40, 95% CI 0 to 0.80; P=0.05; 0.29, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.53; P=0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#High-frequency acupuncture sessions appear to be a more effective approach to managing painful symptoms. Penetrating acupuncture demonstrated greater effect in relieving non-painful symptoms. Both penetrating acupuncture type and flexible acupuncture regimen were linked to significant treatment effects in function outcomes. Future studies should consider the factors that are significantly associated with the effects of acupuncture in patient-important outcomes.

Corrigendum: Single- and dual-task gait performance and their diagnostic value in early-stage Parkinson's disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.974985.].

A comprehensive segmentation of chest X-ray improves deep learning-based WHO radiologically confirmed pneumonia diagnosis in children.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate a comprehensive segmentation of chest X-ray (CXR) in promoting deep learning-based World Health Organization's (WHO) radiologically confirmed pneumonia diagnosis in children. METHODS: A total of 4400 participants between January 2016 and June 2021were identified for a cross-sectional study and divided into primary endpoint pneumonia (PEP), other infiltrates, and normal groups according to WHO's diagnostic criteria. The CXR was divided into six segments of left lung, right lung, mediastinum, diaphragm, ext-left lung, and ext-right lung by adopting the RA-UNet. To demonstrate the benefits of lung field segmentation in pneumonia diagnosis, the segmented images and images that were not segmented, which constituted seven segmentation combinations, were fed into the CBAM-ResNet under a three-category classification comparison. The interpretability of the CBAM-ResNet for pneumonia diagnosis was also performed by adopting a Grad-CAM module. RESULTS: The RA-UNet achieved a high spatial overlap between manual and automatic segmentation (averaged DSC = 0.9639). The CBAM-ResNet when fed with the six segments achieved superior three-category diagnosis performance (accuracy = 0.8243) over other segmentation combinations and deep learning models under comparison, which was increased by around 6% in accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, F1-score, and around 3% in AUC. The Grad-CAM could capture the pneumonia lesions more accurately, generating a more interpretable visualization and enhancing the superiority and reliability of our study in assisting pediatric pneumonia diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive segmentation of CXR could improve deep learning-based pneumonia diagnosis in childhood with a more reasonable WHO's radiological standardized pneumonia classification instead of conventional dichotomous bacterial pneumonia and viral pneumonia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The comprehensive segmentation of chest X-ray improves deep learning-based WHO confirmed pneumonia diagnosis in children, laying a strong foundation for the potential inclusion of computer-aided pediatric CXR readings in precise classification of pneumonia and PCV vaccine trials efficacy in children. KEY POINTS: • The chest X-ray was comprehensively segmented into six anatomical structures of left lung, right lung, mediastinum, diaphragm, ext-left lung, and ext-right lung. • The comprehensive segmentation improved the three-category classification of primary endpoint pneumonia, other infiltrates, and normal with an increase by around 6% in accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, F1-score, and around 3% in AUC. • The comprehensive segmentation gave rise to a more accurate and interpretable visualization results in capturing the pneumonia lesions.

Exploring site-specific N application rate to reduce N footprint and increase crop production for green manure-rice rotation system in southern China.

Milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) is leguminous green manure (GM) which produces organic nitrogen (N) for subsequent crops and is widely planted and utilized to simultaneously reduce the use of synthetic N fertilizer and its environmental costs in rice systems. Determination of an optimal N application rate specific to the GM-rice system is challenging because of the large temporal and spatial variations in soil, climate, and field management conditions. To solve this problem, we developed a framework to explore the site-specific N application rate for the low-N footprint rice production system in southern China based on multi-site field experiments, farmer field survey, and process-based model (WHCNS_Rice, soil water heat carbon nitrogen simulator for rice). The results showed that a process-based model can explain >83.3% (p < 0.01) of the variation in rice yield, aboveground biomass, crop N uptake, and soil mineral N. Based on the scenario analysis of the tested WHCNS_Rice model, the simple regression equation was developed to implement site-specific N application rates that considered variations in GM biomass, soil, and climatic conditions. Simulation evaluation on nine provinces in southern China showed that the site-specific N application rate reduced regional synthetic N fertilizer input by 29.6 ± 17.8% and 65.3 ± 23.0% for single and early rice, respectively; decreased their total N footprints (NFs) by 23.4% and 49.3%, respectively; and without reduction in rice yield, compared with traditional farming N practices. The reduction in total NF was attributed to the reduced emissions from ammonia volatilization by 35.2%, N leaching by 28.4%, and N runoff by 32.7%. In this study, we suggested a low NF rice production system that can be obtained by combining GM with site-specific N application rate in southern China.

Case report: Delayed quadriplegia from traumatic carotid cavernous fistula: a rare case with perimedullary venous drainage.

Background: Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) refers to the abnormal arteriovenous communication between the carotid system at the skull base and the sphenoid cavernous sinus, which is caused by trauma in almost 75% of cases. The drainage of venous blood to the spinal cord represents a distinctive mechanism, which is commonly observed in dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), and typically manifests clinically as progressive myelopathy. However, it is a rare occurrence in clinical practice that traumatic carotid cavernous fistula (TCCF) causes delayed quadriplegia through perimedullary venous drainage. Case presentation: We report the case of a 29-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with a sudden onset of headache and quadriplegia. The patient had previously lost his right eye in a traffic accident 5 years ago. Cerebral angiography showed a high-flow direct CCF on the right side, accompanied by obvious drainage of cerebellar and perimedullary veins. We successfully performed coil embolization for the CCF, and the symptoms of the patient gradually improved after the operation. During follow-up at sixth-months, the patient regained the ability to walk independently. Conclusion: We experienced a rare case of TCCF with quadriplegia. Utilizing coil embolization, we achieved successful improvement in the patient's condition. However, the mechanism and the best treatment of CCF drainage through the perimedullary vein are still unclear. We need to further explore the pathophysiological information of CCF venous drainage.

Exosomal miR-127-5p from BMSCs alleviated sepsis-related acute lung injury by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular trap formation.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived exosomes and miRNA are becoming promising agents for the treatment of ALI. The current study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by BMSCs-derived exosomes carrying miR-127-5p inhibiting to the formation of NETs in sepsis-related ALI. We successfully isolated exosomes from BMSCs and confirmed that miR-127-5p was enriched in the exosomes. ALI mice treated with BMSCs-derived exosomes histologically improved, and the release of NETs and inflammatory factors in lung tissue and peripheral blood of mice also decreased compared with LPS group, while the protective effect of exosomes was attenuated after the knockdown of miR-127-5p. Using dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, we identified CD64 as a direct target of miR-127-5p. Meanwhile, BMSCs-derived exosomes can synergize with anti-CD64 mab in ALI mice to reduce tissue damage, inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and NETs formation. The synergistic effect of exosomes was attenuated when miR-127-5p was down-regulated. These findings suggest that exosomal miR-127-5p derived from BMSCs is a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of sepsis-induced ALI through reducing NETs formation by targeting CD64.

Exposure to okadaic acid could disrupt the colonic microenvironment in rats.

Okadaic acid (OA) is one of the most prevalent marine phycotoxin with complex toxicity, which can lead to toxic symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal discomfort. Studies have shown that the main affected tissue of OA is digestive tract. However, its toxic mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the changes that occurred in the epithelial microenvironment following OA exposure, including the epithelial barrier and gut bacteria. We found that impaired epithelial cell junctions, mucus layer destruction, cytoskeletal remodeling, and increased bacterial invasion occurred in colon of rats after OA exposure. At the same time, the gut bacteria decreased in the abundance of beneficial bacteria and increased in the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, and there was a significant negative correlation between the abundance of pathogenic bacteria represented by Escherichia/Shigella and animal body weight. Metagenomic analysis inferred that Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. in Escherichia/Shigella may be involved in the process of cytoskeletal remodeling and mucosal layer damage caused by OA. Although more evidence is needed, our results suggest that opportunistic pathogens may be involved in the complex toxicity of OA during OA-induced epithelial barrier damage.

[Effects of Chinese Milk Vetch Returning Incorporated with Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on the Composition and Function of Soil Bacterial Communities in Paddy Fields].

Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) is an important organic nutrient resource in the southern Henan rice-growing area. Thus, the effects of Chinese milk vetch (MV) returning incorporated with reduced chemical fertilizer on the physicochemical properties and bacterial community characteristics in paddy soil were studied. These results can provide a certain theoretical basis for the improvement of soil fertility and reduction of chemical fertilizer in this area. A field experiment was conducted for 12 consecutive years, involving six fertilization treatments (blank control, CK; 100% chemical fertilizer, F100; 80% chemical fertilizer+22.5 t·hm-2 MV, MV1F80; 80% chemical fertilizer+45 t·hm-2 MV, MV2F80; 60% chemical fertilizer+22.5 t·hm-2 MV, MV1F60; and 60% chemical fertilizer+45 t·hm-2 MV, MV2F60). The high-throughput sequencing method was used to compare the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil bacterial community diversity, composition, and structural characteristics. The FAPROTAX function prediction method was used to analyze the abundance differences of functional groups between different fertilization treatments. Additionally, combined with soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community characteristics, we explored the key soil environmental factors that changed the structure and functional characteristics of the soil bacterial community. Compared with that under CK, the soil bulk density (BD) under the MV returning incorporated with reduced chemical fertilizer treatment was decreased, whereas soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK) were increased by 12.7%-35.5%, 38.2%-65.7%, 66.7%-95.2%, and 20.3%-31.6%, respectively. Compared with that under the F100 treatment, the Sobs index and Shannon diversity index of the bacterial community under the MV returning incorporated with reduced chemical fertilizer were decreased, and the Sobs index and Shannon diversity index were significantly positively correlated with BD (P<0.05) but significantly negatively correlated with SOC and TN (P<0.05). Compared with that under the F100 treatment, the relative abundances of Firmicutes under the MV1F80 and MV2F60 treatments were significantly increased by 82.2% and 67.4% (P<0.05), but the relative abundances of Acidobacteria were significantly reduced by 32.6% and 40.5% (P<0.05), respectively. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria under the MV2F60 treatment was significantly increased by 30.0% (P<0.05) compared with that under the F100 treatment. According to RDA analysis, soil SOC, TN, and TK were the main soil environmental factors that significantly affected bacterial community (P<0.05). Compared with that under CK and the F100 treatment, the abundance of functional groups of chemoheterotrophy, nitrogen fixation, fermentation, and ureolysis under the MV returning incorporated with reduced chemical fertilizer treatment were improved, whereas the abundance of functional groups of animal parasites or symbionts, all human pathogens, and human pathogen pneumonia were reduced, particularly under MV1F80 and MV2F60. To summarize, the long-term MV returning to the field incorporated with reduced chemical fertilizer improved the soil physical and chemical properties, thus changing the structure and functional characteristics of the soil bacterial communities, contributing to the improvement in the soil fertility, stability, and health of micro-ecosystems in paddy fields, thus ensuring the green and sustainable development of regional agriculture.

Evolution of the landscape pattern in the Xin'an River Basin and its response to tourism activities.

Tourism activities may interfere with the landscape pattern as a type of human activity. Scientific decision-making in the river basin's tourism development requires a precise understanding of the tourism activities' complicated effects on landscape patterns. The research object is to ascertain the direction and magnitude of the influence of tourism activities on the landscape pattern in the Xin'an River Basin. The response index (RI) was calculated by comparing the dynamic characteristics of landscape pattern metrics and Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) inside and outside the 24 scenic areas. The results show the RI (=-2.56) of the scenic areas is eight times higher than that of the other areas, which indicates the intensity of the tourism activities' negative impact on the landscape pattern. Cultural and low-level scenic areas have more serious landscape fragmentation in general, through the comparative analysis of different types and scales of scenic areas. Combined with the analysis of tourism socio-economic data, scenic area construction is the main factor leading to landscape fragmentation. This study is an effective review of the impact of China's tourism industry on landscape patterns in the past 40 years, and the proposed RI will better help to quantify the effect of tourism activities on landscape patterns.

[Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ion Deposition During Winter and Spring in the Core Area of Beijing].

In recent years, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Beijing Municipal Government have continuously strengthened the control indicators of dustfall. In order to grasp the characteristics and sources of ion deposition in dustfall, the filtration method and ion chromatography were used to determine the dustfall and ion deposition during winter and spring in the core area of Beijing, and the PMF model was carried out to analyze the sources of ion deposition. The results indicated:① the average values of ion deposition and its proportion in dustfall were 0.87 t·(km2·30 d)-1 and 14.2%, respectively. The dustfall and ion deposition on working days were 1.3 times and 0.7 times that on rest days, respectively. ② The coefficient of determination in the linear equations between ion deposition and precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, and average wind speed were 0.54, 0.16, 0.15, and 0.02, respectively. In addition, the coefficient of determination in the linear equations between ion deposition and PM2.5 concentration and dustfall were 0.26 and 0.17, respectively. Therefore, controlling the concentration of PM2.5 was crucial to treating ion deposition. ③ Anions and cations accounted for 61.6% and 38.4%, respectively, in the ion deposition, and SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ accounted for 60.6% in total. The ratio of anion and cation charge deposition was 0.70, and the dustfall was alkaline. The ρ(NO3-)/ρ(SO42-) in the ion deposition was 0.66, which was higher than that of 15 years ago. ④ The contribution rates of secondary sources, fugitive dust sources, combustion sources, snow-melting agent sources, and other sources were 51.7%, 17.7%, 13.5%, 13.5%, and 3.6%, respectively.

Signatures of immune cell infiltration for predicting immune escape and immunotherapy in cervical cancer.

The cervical cancer tumor microenvironment is a diverse and complex ecosystem. Tumor-immune cell infiltration (ICI) may influence immune escape and immunotherapeutic responses. However, the relationship between immune cell infiltrations, immune escape, and immunotherapy in cervical cancer has not been fully clarified. Here, Principal component analysis (PCA) and Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) were applied to calculate individual ICI scores and probabilities of immune escape, respectively. Through the IMvigor210 and the Cancer Immunome Atlas (TCIA) datasets, we validated the different responses to immunotherapy in two subgroups of patients. Furthermore, therapeutic benefits of different patients were predicted by the pRRophetic package. We found that patients with high ICI scores were prone to immune escape due to the activated JAK-STAT signaling pathway, along with lower CD8+ T cells. High ICI scores patients could benefit more from anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, and individuals with low scores may be better candidates for the anti-CTLA-4 treatment. Combinations of immunotherapies with targeted inhibitors may improve clinical efficacy and reduce the risk of tumor recurrence. The ICI model not only helps us enhance the cognition of immune escape, but also guides the application of immunotherapy in cervical cancer patients.