A multicenter survey of antibiotic use in very and extremely low birth weight infants in Hunan Province / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the current status of antibiotic use for very and extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of Hunan Province.@*METHODS@#The use of antibiotics was investigated in multiple level 3 NICUs of Hunan Province for VLBW and ELBW infants born between January, 2017 and December, 2017.@*RESULTS@#The clinical data of 1 442 VLBW/ELBW infants were collected from 24 NICUs in 2017. The median antibiotic use duration was 17 days (range: 0-86 days), accounting for 53.0% of the total length of hospital stay. The highest duration of antibiotic use was up to 91.4% of the total length of hospital stay, with the lowest at 14.6%. In 16 out of 24 NICUs, the antibiotic use duration was accounted for more than 50.0% of the hospitalization days. There were 113 cases with positive bacterial culture grown in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, making the positive rate of overall bacterial culture as 7.84%. The positive rate of bacterial culture in different NICUs was significantly different from 0% to 14.9%. The common isolated bacterial pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae was 29 cases (25.7%); Escherichia coli 12 cases (10.6%); Staphylococcus aureus 3 cases (2.7%). The most commonly used antibiotics were third-generation of cephalosporins, accounting for 41.00% of the total antibiotics, followed by penicillins, accounting for 32.10%, and followed by carbapenems, accounting for 13.15%. The proportion of antibiotic use time was negatively correlated with birth weight Z-score and the change in weight Z-score between birth and hospital discharge (r=-0.095, -0.151 respectively, P<0.01), positively correlated with death/withdrawal of care (r=0.196, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Antibiotics used for VLBW/ELBW infants in NICUs of Hunan Province are obviously prolonged in many NICUs. The proportion of routine use of third-generation of cephalosporins and carbapenems antibiotics is high among the NICUs.

Investigation of birth state and disease spectrum in 1,434 hospitalized neonates / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the birth state of neonates and the disease spectrum of hospitalized neonates from a primary hospital, and compare with the national data of the same period.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective investigation was carried out in 1,434 neonates born or hospitalized in this hospital from January 2005 to December 2005.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the investigation period, there were 1,100 neonates born in the department of obstetrics. The incidence of premature birth was 2.3%. The caesarean birth accounted for 54.2%, significantly higher than the national average (49.2%, p<0.01). The neonatal mortality was 0.2%. The incidences of antepartum hemorrhage, threatened abortion, and pregnancy infection in preterm infant' s mothers were significantly higher than those in full-term infant' s mothers. A total of 344 neonates were admitted to the department of pediatrics during the investigation period. Preterm infants accounted for 38.0% which was higher than the national average (26.2%; p<0.01). Beside preterm infants, asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis and intracranial hemorrhage were shown to have a significantly higher proportion than the national averages. The mortality of hospitalized neonates was 0.9%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The higher cesarean section rate should be controlled in our hospital. Prenatal health care and fetal monitoring should be strengthened to decrease the incidence of premature birth, RDS, sepsis and intracranial hemorrhage, thus reducing the mortality of neonates.</p>