Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes of the Halophytic Plant Kalidium schrenkianum.

Endophytic bacteria and fungi colonize plants that grow in various types of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Our study investigates the communities of endophytic bacteria and fungi of halophyte Kalidium schrenkianum growing in stressed habitats with ionizing radiation. The geochemical factors and radiation (at low, medium, high level and control) both affected the structure of endophytic communities. The bacterial class Actinobacteria and the fungal class Dothideomycetes predominated the endophytic communities of K. schrenkianum. Aerial tissues of K. schrenkianum had higher fungal diversity, while roots had higher bacterial diversity. Radiation had no significant effect on the abundance of bacterial classes. Soil pH, total nitrogen, and organic matter showed significant effects on the diversity of root endophytes. Radiation affected bacterial and fungal community structure in roots but not in aerial tissues, and had a strong effect on fungal co-occurrence networks. Overall, the genetic diversity of both endophytic bacteria and fungi was higher in radioactive environments, however negative correlations were found between endophytic bacteria and fungi in the plant. The genetic diversity of both endophytic bacteria and fungi was higher in radioactive environments. Our findings suggest that radiation affects root endophytes, and that the endophytes associated with aerial tissues and roots of K. schrenkianum follow different mechanisms for community assembly and different paradigms in stress response.

Nocardia Infection in Nephrotic Syndrome Patients: Three Case Studies and A Systematic Literature Review.

OBJECTIVE: The multicenter literature review and case studies of 3 patients were undertaken to provide an updated understanding of nocardiosis, an opportunistic bacterial infection affecting immunosuppressed nephrotic syndrome (NS) patients receiving long-term glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant treatment. The results provided clinical and microbiological data to assist physicians in managing nocardiosis patients. METHODS: Three cases between 2017 and 2018 from a single center were reported. Additionally, a systematic review of multicenter cases described in the NCBI PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase in English between January 1, 2001 and May 10, 2021 was conducted. RESULTS: This study described three cases of Nocardia infection in NS patients. The systematic literature review identified 24 cases with sufficient individual patient data. A total of 27 cases extracted from the literature review showed that most patients were > 50 years of age and 70.4% were male. Furthermore, the glucocorticoid or corticosteroid mean dose was 30.9 ± 13.7 mg per day. The average time between hormone therapy and Nocardia infection was 8.5 ± 9.7 months. Pulmonary (85.2%) and skin (44.4%) infections were the most common manifestations in NS patients, with disseminated infections in 77.8% of patients. Nodule/masses and consolidations were the major radiological manifestations. Most patients showed elevated inflammatory biomarkers levels, including white blood cell counts, neutrophils percentage, and C-reactive protein. Twenty-five patients received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole monotherapy (18.5%) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-based multidrug therapy (74.1%), and the remaining two patients (7.4%) received biapenem monotherapy. All patients, except the two who were lost to follow-up, survived without relapse after antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrotic syndrome patients are at high risk of Nocardia infection even if receiving low-dose glucocorticoid during the maintenance therapy. The most common manifestations of nocardiosis in NS patients include abnormal lungs revealing nodules and consolidations, skin and subcutaneous abscesses. The NS patients have a high rate of disseminated and cutaneous infections but a low mortality rate. Accurate and prompt microbiological diagnosis is critical for early treatment, besides the combination of appropriate antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage when needed for an improved prognosis.

Microscope assisted anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the treatment of single segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy of microscope assisted anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with conventional surgical approach in the treatment of single-segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 89 patients with single-segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated from March 2015 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 55 males and 34 females, with an average of (52.00±11.36) years old. Among the patients, 34 cases were treated with conventional anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (conventional group), including C@*RESULTS@#Intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay in microscope group were less than those in conventional group (@*CONCLUSION@#Both methods can achieve satisfactory effect in treating single-segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy. However, microscope-assisted anterior cervical discectomy and fusion has advantages of clear vision, less bleeding and fewer intraoperative complications.

An endophytic Kocuria palustris strain harboring multiple arsenate reductase genes.

Aiming at revealing the arsenic (As) resistance of the endophytic Kocuria strains isolated from roots and stems of Sphaeralcea angustifolia grown at mine tailing, four strains belonging to different clades of Kocuria based upon the phylogeny of 16S rRNA genes were screened for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Only the strain NE1RL3 was defined as an As-resistant bacterium with MICs of 14.4/0.0125 mM and 300/20.0 mM for As3+ and As5+, respectively, in LB/mineral media. This strain was identified as K. palustris based upon analyses of cellular chemical compositions (cellular fatty acids, isoprenoides, quinones, and sugars), patterns of carbon source, average nucleotide identity of genome and digital DNA-DNA relatedness. Six genes coding to enzymes or proteins for arsenate reduction and arsenite-bumping were detected in the genome, demonstrating that this strain is resistant to As possibly by reducing As5+ to As3+, and then bumping As3+ out of the cell. However, this estimation was not confirmed since no arsenate reduction was detected in a subsequent assay. This study reported for the first time the presence of phylogenetically distinct arsenate reductase genes in a Kocuria strain and evidenced the possible horizontal transfer of these genes among the endophytic bacteria.

Water-Soluble Humic Materials Regulate Quorum Sensing in Sinorhizobium meliloti Through a Novel Repressor of expR.

Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in the growth, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation of rhizobia. In this study, we show that water-soluble humic materials (WSHM) repress the expression of the QS related genes sinI, sinR, and expR in Sinorhizobium meliloti. This decreased the production of N-acetyl homoserine lactones (AHL) and exopolysaccharides (EPS), and ultimately increased S. meliloti cell density. We also identified a novel regulator, SMc03890 (renamed QsrR), which binds directly to the expR promoter. Deletion of qsrR increased expR expression. WSHM repressed the expression of expR by augmenting the interaction between QsrR and the expR promoter; this was determined by a bacterial-one-hybrid assay. These effects of WSHM on the QS system in S. meliloti may be the underlying mechanism by which WSHM increase the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of Medicago sativa inoculated with S. meliloti. This study provides the first evidence that humic acids regulate the QS of rhizobia and suggests that WSHM could be used as fertilizers to improve the efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

Improved survival of heterotopic heart transplant overexpressing IDO rat bone mesenchymal stem cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explores the improvement in survival mechanism of a rat model of enterocoelia heterotopic heart transplant with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs) IDO-overexpressing. Methods:IDO-overexpressing rat BMSCs were produced through transfection of rat BMSCs with IDO gene carried by the lentiviral vector GV308. A rat model of enterocoelia heterotopic heart transplantation was established. This rat model received a cell treatment via its tail veins, as follows: ①Echocardiography was employed to detect the functional changes in the transplanted heart.②The fluorescence intensity of the different parts of the transplanted heart was evaluated using a body imaging system for small living animals.③Receptors rat spleens cells were obtained and used for a flow cytometric detection of the expression levels of CD40,CD86,CD80,MHCⅡ,CD274,CD45RA,CD45RA+CD45RB,and Treg cells. ④A transplanted heart was obtained after injection to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration through HE staining.⑤Liquid phase chips were used to detect changes in the serum factors IL-1ɑ,IL-4,IL-1β,IL-2,IL-10,IFN-γ,IL-18,TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 in after injection cells. Results:①After the rat heterotopic heart transplantation model and the corresponding cell treatment were established,after over-expressed IDO-BMSCs treatment 2 days the EF and FS were higher in the transplanted heart than other groups.②The fluorescence intensity of the parts of the transplanted heart was highest in the IDO-BMSC overexpression group as revealed by small animal living body evaluation. ③Two days after the interventions, spleen cells in the over-expressed IDO-BMSCs group showed reduced expression levels of CD40,CD86,CD80,MHCⅡ,CD45RA,CD45RA+CD45RB and increased expression levels of CD274 and Treg cells as revealed by flow cytometry.④Liquid phase chips were used to examine the serum obtained from each group 2 days after the intervention,and the results showed that the expression levels of IL-1α,IL-4,IL-1β,IL-2,IFN-γand IL-18 in the IDO-BMSC overexpression group decrease. By contrast,the expression levels of IL-10,TGFβ1,TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 increase. HE staining results demonstrate that inflammatory cell infiltration was lower in IDO-BMSC overexpression group than in other groups. Conclusion:IDO-overexpressing BMSCs improve the survival of a transplanted heart through effective adjustment of immune DC and T cells,as well as cell factors.

Improved survival of heterotopic heart transplant overexpressing IDO rat bone mesenchymal stem cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explores the improvement in survival mechanism of a rat model of enterocoelia heterotopic heart transplant with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs) IDO-overexpressing. Methods:IDO-overexpressing rat BMSCs were produced through transfection of rat BMSCs with IDO gene carried by the lentiviral vector GV308. A rat model of enterocoelia heterotopic heart transplantation was established. This rat model received a cell treatment via its tail veins, as follows: ①Echocardiography was employed to detect the functional changes in the transplanted heart.②The fluorescence intensity of the different parts of the transplanted heart was evaluated using a body imaging system for small living animals.③Receptors rat spleens cells were obtained and used for a flow cytometric detection of the expression levels of CD40,CD86,CD80,MHCⅡ,CD274,CD45RA,CD45RA+CD45RB,and Treg cells. ④A transplanted heart was obtained after injection to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration through HE staining.⑤Liquid phase chips were used to detect changes in the serum factors IL-1ɑ,IL-4,IL-1β,IL-2,IL-10,IFN-γ,IL-18,TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 in after injection cells. Results:①After the rat heterotopic heart transplantation model and the corresponding cell treatment were established,after over-expressed IDO-BMSCs treatment 2 days the EF and FS were higher in the transplanted heart than other groups.②The fluorescence intensity of the parts of the transplanted heart was highest in the IDO-BMSC overexpression group as revealed by small animal living body evaluation. ③Two days after the interventions, spleen cells in the over-expressed IDO-BMSCs group showed reduced expression levels of CD40,CD86,CD80,MHCⅡ,CD45RA,CD45RA+CD45RB and increased expression levels of CD274 and Treg cells as revealed by flow cytometry.④Liquid phase chips were used to examine the serum obtained from each group 2 days after the intervention,and the results showed that the expression levels of IL-1α,IL-4,IL-1β,IL-2,IFN-γand IL-18 in the IDO-BMSC overexpression group decrease. By contrast,the expression levels of IL-10,TGFβ1,TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 increase. HE staining results demonstrate that inflammatory cell infiltration was lower in IDO-BMSC overexpression group than in other groups. Conclusion:IDO-overexpressing BMSCs improve the survival of a transplanted heart through effective adjustment of immune DC and T cells,as well as cell factors.

Syntrophic Interactions Within a Butane-Oxidizing Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Puguang Gas Field in China.

Butane oxidation by the hydrocarbon degradation bacteria has long been described, but little is known about the microbial interaction in this process. To investigate this interaction, the efficiency of butane oxidation was estimated in monocultures and co-cultures of six strains of butane-oxidizing bacteria (BOB) and a butanol-oxidizing strain. Results showed that the butane degradation velocity was at least 26 times higher in the co-culture of the seven strains (228.50 nmol h(-1)) than in the six individual monocultures (8.71 nmol h(-1)). Gas chromatographic analysis of metabolites in the cultures revealed the accumulation of butanol in the monocultures of BOB strains but not in the co-culture with the butanol-oxidizing strain. These results evidenced a novel syntrophic association between BOB and butanol-oxidizing bacteria in the butane oxidation. The BOB strains oxidized butane into butanol, but this activity was inhibited by the accumulated butanol in monocultures, whereas the removal of butanol by the butanol-oxidizing strain in co-culture could eliminate the suppression and improve the butane degradation efficiency. In the co-culture, both BOB and butanol-oxidizing bacteria could grow and the time needed for butane complete removal was shortened from more than 192 h to less than 4 h. The unsuppressed effect of the co-culture was also consistent with the results of reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) of bmoX gene because increased expression of this gene was detected during the syntrophic growth compared with that in monoculture, pointing to the upregulation of bmoX in the syntrophic interaction.

Novosphingobium tardum sp. nov., isolated from sediment of a freshwater lake.

A Gram-negative, non-motive, aerobic and non-spore-forming strain 16-28-2(T) isolated from freshwater sediment of Taihu Lake was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The optimum growth conditions were found to be as follows: 28 °C, pH 6.5 and 0-0.5 % NaCl in YG liquid medium. The major fatty acids were identified to be summed feature 3 (consisting of C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), summed feature 8 (consisting of C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c), C14:0 2-OH, C17:1 ω6c, C16:0 and C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl (>5 %). Strain 16-28-2(T) was found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingoglycolipid as the major polar lipids; and ubiquinone 10 (Q-10) as the major respiratory quinone. DNA G+C content of strain 16-28-2(T) was 63.5 mol % (Tm). A phylogenetic study of 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 16-28-2(T) is a member of the genus Novosphingobium, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.3 % with Novosphingobium lentum MT1(T) and below 96 % with the other Novosphingobium species. On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic analyses and biochemical characterization, we suggest that strain 16-28-2(T) is a novel species in the genus Novosphingobium, for which the name Novosphingobium tardum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of N. tardum is 16-28-2(T) (=CGMCC 1.12989(T) =NBRC 110956(T)).

Sediment prokaryote communities in different sites of eutrophic Lake Taihu and their interactions with environmental factors.

To investigate the temporal variation of the sediment prokaryote communities and their relation with the rapid increase of algae population in Taihu, a shallow eutrophic freshwater Lake, water and surface sediments were sampled from seven sites in different stages of algal bloom. The physicochemical characterization revealed positive correlations among the nutrient (N, P) parameters in the water and sediments, as well as TN/TP ratio 30.79 in average in water and 0.13 in sediments, demonstrating that P content was the limit factor for bloom in Taihu and sediment was an important nutrient resource for the water body. T-RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA genes revealed a diversity decrease of sediment prokaryotic communities along the bloom. The bacterial communities in sediments were more sensitive and shaped by the temporal changes, while archaea were more sensitive to the trophic level. The pyrosequencing data showed clear spatial and temporal changes in diversity of sediment bacteria. Betaproteobacteria was the most abundant group in all the samples, following by Delta-, Gama- and Alpha-proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi etc. At the genus level, Thiobacillus and Sulfuricurvum were the most dominant groups in the sediments, and the increase of Thiobacillus abundance in February might be used as bioindicator for the subsequent bloom. In addition, NO3 (-)-N was evidenced to be the main factor to regulate the bacterial community structure in the sediments. These results offered some novel and important data for the evaluation and predict the algal bloom in Taihu and can be reference for other shallow fresh water lakes.

Sugarcane bagasse degradation and characterization of three white-rot fungi.

In order to investigate the details of lignin biodegradation, the characteristics and process of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) degradation by three lignin degrading fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium PC2, Lentinula edode LE16 and Pleurotus ostreatus PO45, were studied. We found that the ligninolytic enzymes polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) were produced first, and that the cellulolytic enzyme CMCase was produced subsequently. These three fungi were more efficient to degrade lignin (85-93%) than hemicelluloses (64-88%) and cellulose (15-67%) in 12weeks, in which P. chrysosporium PC2 was the most efficient strain to degrade all the ingredients. Results of the FTIR and CP/MAS (13)C NMR revealed that the three fungi preferentially degraded syringyl units. The PPO and MnP as the main ligninolytic enzymes, especially the presence of PPO, were new findings in this study, which improved our knowledge of biopretreatment of SCB and evidenced these strains as valuable resource for SCB biotransformation.

[Optimization of Chlorella pyrenoidosa-15 photoheterotrophic culture and its use in wastewater treatment].

To improve the biomass and lipid productivity of the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa-15, the carbon and nitrogen sources were screened to culture it heterotrophically. The best carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and soy peptone, respectively. The carbon and nitrogen concentrations were optimized with the help of response surface design. The maximum biomass productivity was predicted to be 0.62 g x (L x d)(-1) with glucose and soy peptone concentrations of 17.53 g x L(-1) and 8.67 g x L(-1), respectively. The results of response surface design were validated with biomass productivity of 0.63 g x (L x d)(-1) and lipid content of 19.25%. The lipid productivity reached 121.3 mg x (L x d)(-1). In the research of Chlorella pyrenoidosa-15 cultured in non-autoclaved Beijing urban wastewater, the maximum algae biomass dry weight of 1.00 g x L(-1) was achieved with a lipid content of 24.12%. Results also showed that the treatment using Chlorella pyrenoidosa-15 effectively reduced the COD values and total nitrogen content in the wastewater, with a COD degradation rate of 80.9%, and a 69% decrease in total nitrogen content.

Novosphingobium sediminis sp. nov., isolated from the sediment of a eutrophic lake.

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, non-motile, bacterium (YG-17(T)) was isolated from eutrophic Taihu lake sediment. Colonies grown on YG agar plates were circular, convex, and yellow-colored. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain YG-17(T) was shown to be closely related to Novosphingobium aromaticivorum (97.9%), followed by Novosphingobium stygium (97.5%), Novosphingobium subterranea (96.9%) and Novosphingobium taihuense (96.7%). The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain YG-17(T) to the most phylogenetically related species N. aromaticivorum and N. stygium were 14% and 21%, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.2 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 and major fatty acids were C(18:1 ω7c), C(17:1 ω6c) and C(14:0)2-OH. Sphingoglycolipids were present, and spermidine was detected as the major polyamine. According to comparative physiological and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YG-17(T) is proposed to be a novel species of the genus Novosphingobium, with the name of Novosphingobium sediminis sp. nov. The type strain is YG-17(T) (NBRC 106119(T)= CGMCC 1.9114(T)).

[Diversity of culturable butane-oxidizing bacteria in oil and gas field soil].

Butane-oxidizing bacteria in soil sample sites from Puguang gas field in Sichuan province and Jianghan oil field in Hubei province were isolated and 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis were applied. The differences of number and phylogenetic position and population diversity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria in different environment were investigated. The results show that 25 strains of butane-oxidizing bacteria were isolated. Based on sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, the species of bacteria in two samples are classified into 3 phyla including Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The community structure of butane-oxidizing bacteria isolated from two oil samples is simple, both of them contain 4 genus including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus and Arthrobacter. Strains in the genus of Ochrobactrum and Mycobacterium were only isolated from Puguang gas field. The number and population diversity of butane-oxidizing bacteria in Puguang gas field was more than those in Jianghan oil field.

Salisediminibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium from soda lake sediment.

An orange-pigmented, Gram-reaction-positive, non-spore-forming, halophilic, alkali-tolerant rod, designated strain halo-2(T), was isolated from sediment of Xiarinaoer soda lake, in China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Strain halo-2(T) grew in a complex medium with 3-30 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 5-10. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) (43.6 %), anteiso-C(17 : 0) (14.8 %) and iso-C(15 : 0) (6.8 %) and the polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 48.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain halo-2(T) was most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (93.9 % sequence similarity). However, strain halo-2(T) could be clearly differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives on the basis of several phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. Strain halo-2(T) therefore represents a novel species in a new genus for which the name Salisediminibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is halo-2(T) (= CGMCC 1.7654(T) = NBRC 104935(T)).

Biodegradation of Leonardite by an alkali-producing bacterial community and characterization of the degraded products.

In this study, three bacterial communities were obtained from 12 Leonardite samples with the aim of identifying a clean, effective, and economic technique for the dissolution of Leonardite, a type of low-grade coal, in the production of humic acid (HA). The biodegradation ability and characteristics of the degraded products of the most effective bacterial community (MCSL-2), which degraded 50% of the Leonardite within 21 days, were further investigated. Analyses of elemental composition, (13)C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared revealed that the contents of C, O, and aliphatic carbon were similar in biodegraded humic acid (bHA) and chemically (alkali) extracted humic acid (cHA). However, the N and carboxyl carbon contents of bHA was higher than that of cHA. Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between the degradation efficiency and the increasing pH of the culture medium, while increases of manganese peroxidase and esterase activities were also observed. These data demonstrated that both alkali production and enzyme reactions were involved in Leonardite solubilization by MCSL-2, although the former mechanism predominated. No fungus was observed by microscopy. Only four bacterial phylotypes were recognized, and Bacillus licheniformis-related bacteria were identified as the main group in MCSL-2 by analysis of amplified 16S rRNA genes, thus demonstrating that Leonardite degradation ability has a limited distribution in bacteria. Hormone-like bioactivities of bHA were also detected. In this study, a bacterial community capable of Leonardite degradation was identified and the products characterized. These data implicate the use of such bacteria for the exploitation of Leonardite as a biofertilizer.

Application of different nutrition therapies in pregnancy with abnormal glucose metabolism / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of different nutrition therapies on abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 83 cases of pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism who came to nutrition clinic were randomly divided into two groups before 30 weeks pregnancy: 42 cases in traditional food exchange serving group (FES) and 41 cases in food exchange serving based on glycemic load group (FES + GL). Traditional food exchange serving and food exchange serving based on glycemic load were used as the different nutrition therapies for two groups respectively until the time of delivery. The influence of two nutrition therapies on the blood glucose and pregnancy outcomes were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The daily food glucose load (GL) after nutrition therapy in the FES + GL group (145.9 ± 26.3) were significantly decreased than that of the FES group (179.9 ± 28.9, t = 5.602, P < 0.01). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2 h postprandial glucose (2 h PG) ((4.63 ± 0.97) and (6.15 ± 1.07) mmol/L, respectively) after nutrition therapy in the FES + GL group were significantly lower than that in pre-nutrition therapy ((4.96 ± 0.81) and (9.13 ± 1.61) mmol/L, t = 2.237, 11.202, respectively, all P values < 0.05). The 2 h PG in the FES + GL group ((6.15 ± 1.07) mmol/L) after nutrition therapy was significantly lower than that of the FES group ((6.86 ± 1.26) mmol/L, t = 2.760, P < 0.05). 19.51% (8/41) of the total incidence of complications in the FES + GL group was lower than that (11/42, 26.19%) in the FES group, but the difference was not significant (χ² = 0.524, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FES based on GL was much easier to reduce blood glucose compared with FES. Two nutrition therapies can improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism.</p>

Flavihumibacter petaseus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from soil of a subtropical rainforest.

A yellow-coloured bacterium, T41(T), was isolated from a soil sample of a subtropical rainforest in Nepal. Cells were Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short rods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain formed a cluster with Terrimonas ferruginea, Terrimonas lutea, Niabella soli, Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae, Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli, Niastella yeongjuensis and Niastella koreensis in the phylum Bacteroidetes. The strain showed the highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Terrimonas lutea (93.2 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the predominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-15 : 0 (33.8 %), iso-15 : 1 G (13.3 %) and iso-17 : 0 3-OH (12.9 %). The DNA G+C content was 48.1 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data and genomic distinctiveness, strain T41(T) represents a novel species in a new genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Flavihumibacter petaseus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Flavihumibacter petaseus is strain T41(T) (=CGMCC 1.7723(T) =NBRC 106054(T)).

Cloacibacterium rupense sp. nov., isolated from freshwater lake sediment.

A Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain R2A-16(T), was isolated from sediment of Rupa Lake in Nepal and analysed using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R2A-16(T) is affiliated to the genus Cloacibacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae; 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain R2A-16(T) and Cloacibacterium normanense CCUG 46293(T) was 98.07 %. The isolate contained iso-C(15 : 0) (35.6 %) as the major fatty acid and menaquinone MK-6 as the predominant respiratory quinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 33.3 mol%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain R2A-16(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cloacibacterium, for which the name Cloacibacterium rupense sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is R2A-16(T) (=CGMCC 1.7656(T) =NBRC 104931(T)).

Salsuginibacillus halophilus sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a soda lake.

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, halophilic, alkalitolerant bacterium, designated halo-1(T), was isolated from sediment of Xiarinaoer soda lake, located in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Strain halo-1(T) grew in the presence of 9-30 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 19 %) and at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 9). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The predominant cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C(15 : 0) (58.35 %), anteiso-C(17 : 0) (12.89 %) and C(16 : 0) (6.52 %). The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and a phospholipid of unknown structure. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.4 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain halo-1(T) showed the highest similarity (93.9 %) to Salsuginibacillus kocurii CH9d(T). Strain halo-1(T) could be clearly differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relative on the basis of several phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic features. Therefore, strain halo-1(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Salsuginibacillus halophilus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain halo-1(T) (=CGMCC 1.7653(T) =NBRC 104934(T)).