Mechanical Stretch Promotes Macrophage Polarization and Inflammation via the RhoA-ROCK/NF-κB Pathway.

Macrophages play an essential role in the pathogenesis of most inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that mechanical load can influence macrophage function, leading to excessive and uncontrolled inflammation and even systemic damage, including cardiovascular disease and knee osteoarthritis. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, murine RAW264.7 cells were treated with mechanical stretch (MS) using the Flexcell-5000T Tension System. The expression of inflammatory factors and cytokine release were measured by RT-qPCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. The protein expression of NF-κB p65, Iκb-α, p-Iκb-α, RhoA, ROCK1, and ROCK2 was also detected by Western blotting. Then, Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of macrophage subsets. Meanwhile, Y-27632 dihydrochloride, a ROCK inhibitor, was added to knockdown ROCK signal transduction in cells. Our results demonstrated that MS upregulated mRNA expression and increased the secretion levels of proinflammatory factors iNOS, IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-6. Additionally, MS significantly increased the proportion of CD11b+CD86+ and CD11b+CD206+ subsets in RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the protein expression of RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, NF-κB p65, and IκB-α increased in MS-treated RAW264.7 cells, as well as the IL-6 and iNOS. In contrast, ROCK inhibitor significantly blocked the activation of RhoA-ROCK and NF-κB pathway, decreased the protein expression of IL-6 and iNOS, reduced the proportion of CD11b+CD86+ cells subpopulation, and increased the proportion of CD11b+CD206+ cell subpopulation after MS. These data indicate that mechanical stretch can regulate the RAW264.7 macrophage polarization and enhance inflammatory responses in vitro, which may contribute to activation the RhoA-ROCK/NF-κB pathway.

Comparison of the performance of MS enteroscope series and Japanese double- and single-balloon enteroscopes.

BACKGROUND: Small intestine disease endangers human health and is not easy to locate and diagnose. AIM: To observe the effect of the MS series of small intestine endoscopes on the gastrointestinal tract, the changes in serum gastrin levels and intestinal tissue, and the time required for the examination. METHODS: In vivo experiments in 20 Living pigs were conducted, Bowel preparation was routinely performed, Intravenous anesthesia with propofol and ketamine was applied, the condition of the small intestine was observed and the detection time of the MS series of small intestine endoscopes were recorded, The changes in intestinal tissue using the MS series of small intestine endoscopes observed and compared before and after the examination, Venous blood (3-5 mL) from pigs was collected before and after the experiment; changes in intestinal tissue after use of the MS series of small intestine endoscopes observed after examination. After completion of each type of small intestine endoscope experiment, the pigs were allowed to rest and the next type of small intestine endoscope experiment was performed after 15 days of normal feeding. The detection time data of the single-balloon small intestine endoscope and double-balloon small intestine endoscope were collected from four hospitals. RESULTS: One case of Ascarislumbricoides, one of suspected Crohn's disease, one small intestinal diverticulum and one anesthesia accident were observed in pigs. The small intestine showed no differences in the MS series of small intestine endoscopes and there were no differences in serum gastrin between the groups (P > 0.05). The time required for inspection was recorded, and the overall detection time for the Japanese small intestine endoscopes was approximately 1.68 ± 0.16 h. CONCLUSION: Intestinal ascariasis is a common disease in pigs. Some pigs have abnormal intestinal variation. After continuous upgrade and improvement, the MS-3 and MS-4 small intestine endoscope appear superior in terms of detection time.

Overdenture restoration after mandibular fibular graft combined with dental implant surgery: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

This paper reports a case of a 28-year-old male patient with mandibular fibular graft. The patient underwent dental implant surgery. The left portion of the patient's mandible was resected because of ameloblastoma and restored by vascularized fibular grafting. Four implants were implanted in the fibular graft area after 2 years, and the area was restored with a pure titanium casting rod, Locator abutment, and overdenture. This case provides a feasible solution for the restoration of a fibular graft with a dental implant. The characteristics of the restoration method are described. We hope to improve the quality of life of patients with fibular grafts.

Measurement of mandible bone mineral density of adults in north China / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the bone mineral density (BMD) of mandible and investigate the relationship between mandible and the whole body skeleton BMD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Healthy volunteers were recruited in north China, which were divided into 6 groups by age: > or = 20, > or = 30, > or = 40, > or = 50, > or = 60 and > or = 70 years older, 10 male and 10 female in each group. Dual-energy X-ray absoptiometery (DXA) was used to measure the BMD of the lumbar spine, the mentum of mandible and the mandibular angle. The results were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mineral density (MD) of the mentum was (1.310 9 +/- 0.035 5) g/cm2, the left mandibular angle (1.048 9 +/- 0.013 7) g/cm2, the right mandibular angle (1.0547 +/- 0.014 1) g/cm2, the lumbar spine (L2-L4) (1.121 1 +/- 0.017 2) g/cm2. There was a significant difference in mandibular angle and lumbar MD between men and women (P < 0.05). The MD of mandibular angle and lumbar spine decreased significantly after 50 years of age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The normal BMD of the mandibular mentum, mandibular angles and lumbar spine is obtained. The BMD of the mandibular angles is closely related to that of the lumbar spine. Mandible can be an appropriate measurement site in the evaluation of skeleton BMD status for the forecast of osteoporosis.</p>

Expression of osteopontin mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate osteopontin (OPN) mRNA expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal oral mucosa tissues.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Differential OPN gene expression were detected in 30 cancerous tissues and their paired normal tissues using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (real-time RT-PCR), and the data were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Real-time RT-PCR results demonstrated that the relative expression level of OPN mRNA in the cancerous tissues were significantly higher than that in paired normal samples (4.17-/+0.51 vs 0.97-/+0.12, P<0.001), showing a 4.3-fold up-regulation. In the 30 OSCC specimens, OPN mRNA expression in the OSCC of histological grades I showed a 3.1-fold down-regulation, significantly lower than the expression in grade II/III tumors (2.16-/+0.17 vs 6.80-/+0.72, P<0.05); its expression was significantly lower in early stage than in advanced stage OSCCs (2.34-/+0.17 vs 4.73-/+0.35, P<0.05). In cases of cervical lymph node metastasis, the expression was significantly higher than that in cases without lymphatic metastasis (6.38-/+0.56 vs 2.89-/+0.32, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>OPN mRNA overexpression may play an important role in OSCC carcinogenesis and can be a potential target for OSCC therapy.</p>

Early laser intervention of hemangioma in facial and neck regions of infant / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The study was to evaluate the method of early laser intervention of hemangioma in facial and neck regions of infant.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 1999 and December 2006, twelve patients, aged 6 days to 3 months, with cutaneous hemangioma in facial and neck regions, were treated with laser, eight cases with Nd:YAG laser therapy and four cases with Venus laser therapy. Four cases with hemangioma in facial and neck regions of infant treated with oral corticosteroid were as control. The outcome was recorded with 1 to 6 years of follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Total resolution was obtained in twelve patients with laser intervention. Atrophic scars occurred in eight patients with Nd:YAG laser therapy, without other complications, such as ulceration, life-threatening hemorrhage and et al. No scar occurred in four patients with Venus laser therapy. Recurrence was not seen in twelve cases with laser therapy with follow-up. Hemangiomas enlarged continuously in four cases with oral corticosteroid therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Early laser intervention is an excellent management of cutaneous hemangioma in facial and neck regions of infant.</p>

Establishment and identification of biological characteristics of rat monoclone cell line Rca-B / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a monoclone cell line of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in rat buccal mucosa and to study its biological characteristics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SCC in rat oral mucosa was induced by adding 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) into the SD rats' drinking water, and the cancer cells were then cultured to obtain mixed cells in vitro. The mixed tumor cells were purified by mono cell cloning method. The biological characteristics of the cells were studied by microscope and electronic microscope observation, chromosome analysis, Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test, flow cytometry assay and immunohistochemistry staining. Hypodermic inoculations of the cells in nude mice and injection of the cells by nude mice tail veins were performed to observe the tumor formation and long distance metastasis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The morphology proved that the cell line was squamous cell carcinoma cells, which were cultured from one cell. The population doubling time for passage 65 cells was 25.44 hours. The cells in S-phase accounted for 20.13% of the cell cycle. The chromosome modal number was 84. All the cells expressed the proteins of cytokeratin and vimentin. The xenograft rate and the tumor metastatic rate to the lung were 100% in nu/nu BALB/C mice, but the homograft rate was zero in SD Rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Rca-B was a typical oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line derived from Sprague-Dawley rat buccal mucosa carcinoma, and the cell line has high metastatic potential and its biological characteristics were well ascertained.</p>