Identification of HLA-DPB1*1104:01 by next-generation sequencing in a Chinese individual.

HLA-DPB1*1104:01 differs from HLA-DPB1*540:01 by a single nucleotide change in exon 2.

Evaluation of manual and electronic healthcare-associated infections surveillance: a multi-center study with 21 tertiary general hospitals in China.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are still a major health threats worldwide. Traditional surveillance methods involving manual surveillance by infection control practitioners (ICPs) for data collection processes are laborious, inefficient, and generate data of variable quality. In this study, we sought to evaluate the impact of surveillance and interaction platform system (SIPS) for HAIs surveillance compared to manual survey in tertiary general hospitals. METHODS: A large multi-center study including 21 tertiary general hospitals and 63 wards were performed to evaluate the impact of electronic SIPS for HAIs. RESULTS: We collected 4,098 consecutive patients and found that the hospitals installed with SIPS significantly increased work efficiency of ICPs achieving satisfactory diagnostic performance of HAIs with 0.73 for sensitivity, 0.81 for specificity and 0.81 area under the curve (AUC). However, there were significant heterogeneity own to regions, time of SIPS installation, departments and sample size. CONCLUSIONS: SIPS significantly improved ICPs efficiency and HAIs monitoring effectiveness, but there were shortcomings such as untimely maintenance and high cost.

[Identification of RhCcEe Mixed Visual Field in Patients with Regular Blood Transfusion and Efficacy Analysis of the Matched Transfusion].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of RhCcEe blood group antigen mixed visual field identification in patients with regular blood transfusion, to follow up and evaluate the efficacy of matched transfusion and its clinical significance. METHODS: RhCcEe genotyping for 142 patients with regular transfusion in our hospital was carried out by PCR-SSP method. According to the results of genotyping, 48 patients voluntarily selected the continuous transfusion of RhCcEe matched red blood cells, 46 patients received random blood transfusion (RhCcEe mismatched transfusion), 42 patients received partial RhCcEe matched transfusion (unable to provide fully matched RhCcEe donors each time), and 6 patients' blood transfusion data were lost. After 3-6 months of the RhCcEe matched transfusion, all patients were tested by RhCcEe microcolumn gel card and compared with the results before RhCcEe matched transfusion. The positive rates of alloantibodies, DAT and the percentage of red blood cell invalid transfusion were followed up and evaluated for the above-mentsioned 3 types of regular transfusion patients in the past 5 years. RESULTS: Out of the 48 patients who underwent conti-nuous RhCcEe matched transfusion, only 1 case showed stratification, the remaining 47 cases had clear gel card results without stratification, suggesting that PCR-SSP genotyping was feasible. In addition, another 42 patients who could not receive RhCcEe matched transfusion each time and 46 patients with random blood transfusion were found to have a mixed vision phenomenon again. but the results was still difficult to confirm the results. For the transfusion results in the past 5 years, follow-up analysis showed that there were 1 case alloantibody (anti-Jka) (1/48) , 1 case of DAT positive (1/48) and 2 cases of invalid transfusion (2/48) in the RhCcEe matched transfusion group; 7 cases of alloantibodies (3 anti-E, 1 anti-E+anti-c, 1 anti-C, 1 anti-M, 1 anti-Fya) (7/46), 6 case of DAT positive (6/46) and 9 case of invalid transfusion (9/46) in the random transfusion group; 6 cases of alloantibodies (1 anti-E, 1 anti-E+autoantibody, 1 anti-C, 1 anti-c, 1 anti-M and 1 other antibody) (6/42) and 7 case of DAT positive (7/42) and 8 case of invalid transfusion (8/42) in the partial RhCcEe matched transfusion group. The statistical analysis showed that the positive rate of alloantibodies and the invalid infusion rate of RBC in each group were significant differences between RhCcEe matched transfusion group and the random transfusion group as well as betwen Rhce fe matched transfusion group and the partial matched transfusion group（P＜0.05）, but there was no statistical difference between the random transfusion group and the partial matched transfusion group（P>0.05）. CONCLUSION: PCR-SSP genotyping technique can be used to detect RhCcEe mixed vision in patients with regular blood transfusion. Continuous RhCcEe matched transfusion can effectively prevent the occurrence of alloimmunization, and improve the clinical transfusion efficacy and safety of the patients with regular blood transfusion, which has very important clinical significance.

Combined serum hepatoma-specific alpha-fetoprotein and circulating alpha-fetoprotein-mRNA in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, its prognosis is poor, and early detection is of utmost importance. Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a useful marker for detecting and monitoring HCC development, the false-negative or false-positive rates with AFP alone may be as high as 30%-40% for patients with small HCCs. To enhance the specificity and accuracy of AFP measurements for HCC, we analyzed AFP expression states in livers, detected the hepatoma-specific AFP (HS-AFP) fraction and AFP-mRNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and explored their clinical implications for HCC diagnosis. METHODS: AFP expression and hepatocyte distributions in liver specimens were investigated by an immunohistochemical assay. Total RNAs were extracted from circulating blood, synthesized to cDNA through random primers and reverse transcriptase, and fragments of the AFP gene were amplified by a nested-PCR assay. The HS-AFP fraction was separated by lectin-affinity chromatography and its level was detected by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The incidence of AFP was 73.3% in HCC tissues and its expression in HCCs with moderate or low differentiation was significantly stronger than that of HCCs with high differentiation (P<0.05). The incidence of AFP gene fragments was 100% in HCCs, and 60% in paracancerous tissues (P<0.01). In the HCC and liver cirrhosis groups, the incidence of HS-AFP was 91.7% and 18% (P<0.01), and of AFP-mRNA was 56.7% and 16% (P<0.01), respectively, and neither was found in controls. HS-AFP or AFP-mRNA was not significantly related to size or number of HCC, but to its differentiation, metastasis, and relapse (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Different AFP expression is present in different parts of HCC tissues. HS-AFP and AFP-mRNA fragments improve sensitivity and specificity, and both are useful markers to diagnose HCC or monitor metastasis and relapse.