Heterozygosity analysis of spontaneous 2n female gametes and centromere mapping of the diploid Hevea brasiliensis based on full-sib triploid populations.

KEY MESSAGE: Unreduced megagametophytes via second-division restitution were confirmed through heterozygosity analysis, and four candidate physical centromeres of rubber were located for the first time. The evaluation of maternal heterozygosity restitution (MHR) is vital in identifying the mechanism of 2n gametogenesis and assessing the utilization value of 2n gametes. In this study, three full-sib triploid populations were employed to evaluate the MHR of 2n female gametes of rubber tree clone GT1 and to confirm their genetic derivation. The 2n female gametes of GT1 were derived from second-division restitution (SDR) and transmitted more than half of the parental heterozygosity. In addition, low recombination frequency markers were developed, and four candidate physical centromeres of rubber tree were located for the first time. The confirmation that 2n female gametes of rubber tree clone GT1 are derived from SDR provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of 2n gametogenesis. In addition, the identified centromere location will aid in the development of centromeric markers for the rapid identification of the 2n gametogenesis mechanism.

Mucin1 induced trophoblast dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus via Wnt/ß-catenin pathway.

BACKGROUND: To elucidate the role of Mucin1 (MUC1) in the trophoblast function (glucose uptake and apoptosis) of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women through the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. METHODS: Glucose uptake was analyzed by plasma GLUT1 and GLUT4 levels with ELISA and measured by the expression of GLUT4 and INSR with immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Apoptosis was measured by the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase3 by Western blotting and flow cytometry. Wnt/ß-catenin signaling measured by Western blotting. In vitro studies were performed using HTR-8/SVneo cells that were cultured and treated with high glucose (HG), sh-MUC1 and FH535 (inhibitor of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling). RESULTS: MUC1 was highly expressed in the placental trophoblasts of GDM, and the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway was activated, along with dysfunction of glucose uptake and apoptosis. MUC1 knockdown resulted in increased invasiveness and decreased apoptosis in trophoblast cells. The initial linkage between MUC1, the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, and glucose uptake was confirmed by using an HG-exposed HTR-8/SVneo cell model with MUC1 knockdown. MUC1 knockdown inhibited the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and reversed glucose uptake dysfunction and apoptosis in HG-induced HTR-8/SVneo cells. Meanwhile, inhibition of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling could also reverse the dysfunction of glucose uptake and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the increased level of MUC1 in GDM could abnormally activate the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, leading to trophoblast dysfunction, which may impair glucose uptake and induce apoptosis in placental tissues of GDM women.

Chicken recombinant adiponectin enhances fatty acid metabolism in oleic acid- and palmitic acid-treated LMH cells

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of recombinant adiponectin on chicken liver cells. The full-length chicken adiponectin gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into the vector pET-32a, followed by the transformation of the vector into Escherichia coli BL21. SDS-PAGE was used to detect and analyze the purity of the expressed recombinant protein. Induction was performed with 1 mM IPTG at 30 °C for 3 h, and the recombinant thioredoxin­adiponectin fusion protein was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Chicken adiponectin was successfully expressed and purified in a bacterial system. In addition, the chicken recombinant adiponectin demonstrated that it ameliorates palmitic acid- and oleic acid-induced adipogenesis, in which an increase in ß-oxidation and a decrease in lipogenesis-related genes may be involved. In summary, chicken recombinant adiponectin enhances fatty acid metabolism in LMH cells.(AU)

Research on burnout level of juvenile trampolinists and relevant affecting factors / Pesquisa sobre o nível de burnout de trampolinistas juvenis e fatores afetivos relevantes / Investigación sobre el nivel de burnout de los trampolinistas juveniles y los factores afectivos relevantes

ABSTRACT Introduction The paper investigates burnout causes and relevant affecting factors of juvenile trampolinists. Objective With 93 participants aged U10-16 of 2019 National Juvenile Trampoline Championship as investigation objects, to improve the current situation of juvenile burnout, exploring the methodology to alleviate and eliminate it, enhancing the sense of achievement in training and competition and providing a theoretical basis for coaches to train and cultivate athletes. Methods Questionnaire survey, semi-structured interview, mathematical statistics. Results The burnout level of the trampolinists is below the moderate level, and the overall burnout level of athletes is not high; the sense of achievement decrease> negative evaluation of sports>emotional/physical exhaustion; the correlation between the overall level of burnout of athletes and different genders, training age, education stage and athlete level is not significant; in terms of burnout, there are very significant positive correlations(P<0.01) between overload factor, personal factor, and situational factor, and emotional/physical exhaustion, sense of achievement decrease and negative evaluation of sports respectively. Conclusions Strengthen the communication with trampolinists, improve their self-regulation ability in various ways, master the methods to alleviate burnout, and increase social support for them. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução O artigo investiga as causas do burnout e os fatores que afetam os jovens trampolinistas. Objetivo Ter como objeto de pesquisa 93 participantes de U10-16 do Campeonato Nacional Juvenil de Trampolim 2019, para melhorar a situação atual do burnout juvenil, explorando a metodologia para amenizá-lo e eliminá-lo, potencializando a sensação de realização em treinamentos e competições e proporcionando uma base para os treinadores trabalharem com os atletas. Métodos Questionário de levantamento, entrevista semiestruturada, estatística matemática. Resultados O nível de burnout dos trampolinistas está abaixo do nível moderado e o nível geral de burnout dos atletas não é alto; diminuição da sensação de realização> avaliação negativa de esportes> burnout emocional/físico; a correlação entre o nível geral de burnout dos atletas e os diferentes gêneros, a idade de treinamento, o estágio educacional e o nível do atleta não é significativa; Em termos de burnout, existem correlações positivas altamente significativas (P <0,01) entre o fator de sobrecarga, o fator pessoal e o fator situacional, e burnout emocional/físico, a diminuição do senso de realização e a avaliação negativa dos esportes, respectivamente. Conclusões Fortalecer a comunicação com os trampolinistas, melhorar sua capacidade de autorregulação de várias maneiras, dominar os métodos para aliviar o burnout e aumentar o apoio social para eles. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El artículo investiga las causas del burnout y los factores que afectan a los trampolinistas juveniles. Objetivo Con 93 participantes de edades U10-16 del Campeonato Nacional Juvenil de Trampolín 2019 como objetos de investigación, mejorar la situación actual del burnout juvenil, explorando la metodología para aliviarlo y eliminarlo, potenciando el sentido de logro en entrenamientos y competencias y brindando un base para que los entrenadores trabajen con los atletas. Métodos Encuesta por cuestionario, entrevista semiestructurada, estadística matemática. Resultados El nivel de burnout de los trampolinistas está por debajo del nivel moderado y el nivel de burnout general de los atletas no es alto; disminución del sentido de logro> evaluación negativa de los deportes> burnout emocional / físico; la correlación entre el nivel general de burnout de los atletas y los diferentes géneros, la edad de entrenamiento, la etapa educativa y el nivel del atleta no es significativa; en términos de burnout, existen correlaciones positivas muy significativas (P <0,01) entre el factor de sobrecarga, el factor personal y el factor situacional, y el burnout emocional / físico, la disminución del sentido de logro y la evaluación negativa de los deportes, respectivamente. Conclusiones Fortalecer la comunicación con los trampolinistas, mejorar su capacidad de autorregulación de diversas formas, dominar los métodos para aliviar el burnout y aumentar el apoyo social a ellos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.