16S rDNA sequencing analyzes differences in intestinal flora of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and association with immune activation.

To clarify the influence of HIV on the intestinal flora and the interrelationship with CD4 T cells, the present study collected stool specimens from 33 HIV patients and 28 healthy subjects to compare the differences in the intestinal flora and CD4 T cells in a 16S rDNA-sequencing approach. ELISA was used to detect the expressions of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Meanwhile, correlation analysis with the different bacterial populations in each group was carried out. The results revealed that Alpha diversity indices of the intestinal flora of HIV patients were markedly lower than that of the healthy group (p < 0.05). The top five bacterial species in the HIV group were Bacteroides (23.453%), Prevotella (19.237%), Fusobacterium (12.408%), Lachnospira (3.811%), and Escherichia-Shigella (3.126%). Spearman correlation analysis results indicated that Fusobacterium_mortiferum, Fusobacterium, and Gammaproteobacteria were positively correlated with TNF-α (p < 0.05), whereas Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidales was negatively correlated with TNF-α (p < 0.05). Additionally, Agathobacter was positively correlated with contents of IL-2 and IL-8 (p < 0.05), whereas Prevotellaceae, and Prevotella were negatively correlated with IL-8 content (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the top five strains in the CD4 high group (≥350/mm3) included Bacteroides (23.286%), Prevotella (21.943%), Fusobacterium (10.479%), Lachnospira (4.465%), and un_f_Lachnospiraceae (2.786%). Taken together, the present study identified that Fusobacterium and Escherichia-Shigella were specific and highly abundant in the HIV group and a correlation between the different bacterial flora and the contents of IL-2, IL-8, and TNF-α was revealed.

The application of MALDI-TOF MS in gene polymorphism of clopidogrel / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation of gene polymorphism with clopidogrel and the application value of matrix assisted laser resolution ionization flight time mass spectrometry(MALDL-TOF MS) in gene polymorphism of clopidogrel.Methods A total of 160 cases of inpatient of Armed Police Force Hospitals with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) prepared for treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 2015 to 2017 were selected,platelet aggregation rate at fifth days after clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy was determined and gene polymorphism of CYP2C19 * 2 *,* 3,* 4,* 5,* 17 and ABCB1,CES1,PON1 were analyzed by matrix assisted laser resolution ionization flight time mass spectrometry.Results All the inpatients were divided into the clopidogrel resistance(CR) group(n=75) and NCR group(n=85) according to the maximum aggregation rate of platelets (MAR).The detection rate of the 160 samples was 100％;neither group found CYP2C19 * 4,CYP2C19 * 5,CYP2C19 * 17mutations;the risk of clopidogrel resistance in CYP2C19 * 2 allele A and * 1/* 2,* 1/* 3,* 2/* 2,* 2/* 3,ABCB1 allele T and PON1 allele T were high,and the risk of clopidogrel resistance in CES1 allele T was low,all the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was a high risk of clopidogrel resistance in CYP2C19 * 3 allele A and a low risk in CYP2C19 * 3/* 3,but there were no statistically significant differences (P＞0.05).Conclusion CYP2C19 * 2,* 3,ABCBI and PON1 gene mutation increases the risk of clopidogrel resistance;CES1 mutation reduces the risk of clopidogrel resistance;MALDI-TOF MS has the advantages of high accuracy,large flux,high speed,low cost,which is suitable for the detection of polymorphism of clopidogrel gene and helpful in guiding rational and individualized medicine.