Clinical observation of venetoclax-based treatment regimens for acute myeloid leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of venetoclax (VEN)-based regimens in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:The clinical data of 41 AML patients treated with venetoclax-based regimens from January 2021 to December 2021 in Ruijin Hospital North of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment regimens included VEN+demethylating drugs ± gene mutation inhibitors or VEN+chemotherapy with a median number of 2 courses (1- 5 courses).Results:The median age of all patients was 60 years (18-73 years), and there were 24 males and 17 females. After 1 course of VEN-based therapy, 22 (53.7%) patients achieved complete remission (CR) or morphological complete remission without complete blood count recovery (CRi), including 5 patients achieving minimal residual disease (MRD) negative. After 2 courses of treatment, of 17 patients available for efficacy evaluation, 7 patients achieved MRD negative. Among 20 relapsed/refractory AML patients, 9 cases achieved CR/CRi after 1 course of treatment, of which 1 patient had MRD negative. Among 21 patients initially treated and re-treated, 13 cases achieved CR/CRi and 1 case achieved partial remission after 1 course of treatment, of which 4 cases had MRD negative.Conclusions:VEN-based treatment regimens for AML have a high remission rate and tolerable adverse effects.

Risk factors analysis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinico-pathological data of 1 071 patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Navy Medical University between January 2010 and December 2011 were collected. There were 379 males and 692 females, aged (53±12)years, with the range of 12-86 years. Patients completed preoperative examinations. For regional hepatolithiasis, the anatomical hepatectomy was performed. For diffused hepatolithiasis, regional damaged lesions which confined to liver segment or lobe were resected. Hepaticolithotomy or cholangio-lithotomy was performed if necessary. When severe stricture of hilar bile duct affects biliary drainage, cholangiojejunostomy or biliary stricture plasty was performed. Observation indicators: (1) preoperative examination, surgical and postoperative situations; (2) follow-up; (3) risk factors analysis of ICC within the 5 years after hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the incidence of ICC after hepatectomy up to December 2019. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range). Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages. Continuous variables were converted into categorical variables according to the common clinical values or the best cut-off value of receiver operating characteristic curve. Binary logistic regression model was used for risk factors analysis. The factors with P<0.10 in univariate analysis were included for the multivariate analysis. Results:(1) Preoperative examination, surgical and postoperative situations. Results of preoperative examination: duration of hepatolithiasis-related symptoms of the 1 071 patients was 8.2 years(range, 0-27.0 years), the levels of CA19-9 and CEA were (163±87)U/mL and (5.0±2.1)μg/L, and stones located at left liver, right liver, bilateral sides, common hepatic duct or common bile duct were detected in 545, 245, 228, 53 patients. There were 226 patients complicated with biliary stricture and 172 with segmental atrophy. Of the 1 071 patients, 595 underwent anatomical hepatectomy, 272 underwent regional non-anatomical hepatectomy, 143 underwent cholangiolithotomy, and 61 underwent cholangiojejunostomy. Results of postoperative imaging examination showed residual biliary stricture in 26 patients and residual biliary stones in 74 patients. (2) Follow-up: 1 071 patients were followed up for (8.6±1.5)years. Of the 1 071 patients, 92 developed ICC, with an incidence of 8.590%(92/1 071). There were 32, 66, 90 patients developing ICC within 3, 5, 8 years after hepatectomy, with the incidence of 2.988%(32/1 071), 6.162%(66/1 071), 8.403%(90/1 071). (3) Risk factors analysis of ICC within the 5 years after hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis. The receiver operating characteristic curve of duration of hepatolithiasis-related symptoms for ICC within the 5 years after hepatectomy was constructed, and duration of hepatolithiasis-related symptoms was converted into categorical variable for following analysis using 7 years as the cut-off value based on Youden index. Results of univariate analysis showed that duration of hepatolithiasis-related symptoms>7 years, complication with metabolic diseases, segmental atrophy, postoperative residual stones were related factors for ICC within the 5 years after hepatectomy ( odds ratio=2.939, 2.654, 1.903, 2.361, 95% confidence interval: 1.582-5.460, 1.145-6.154, 1.068-3.390, 1.118-4.987, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis based on factors with P<0.10 in the univariate analysis showed that duration of hepatolithiasis-related symptoms>7 years, complication with metabolic diseases, segmental atrophy, postoperative residual stones were independent risk factors for ICC within the 5 years after hepatectomy ( odds ratio=2.843, 2.469, 1.922, 2.202, 95% confidence interval: 1.523-5.309, 1.042-5.851, 1.064-3.472, 1.021-4.747, P<0.05). Conclusions:There was risk of developing ICC after hepatectomy for cholelithiasis. The duration of hepatolithiasis-related symptoms >7 years, complication with metabolic diseases, segmental atrophy and postoperative residual stones are independent risk factors for ICC development within 5 years after hepatectomy.

Expert consensus on microbiome sequencing and analysis / 生物工程学报

In the past ten years, the research and application of microbiome has continued to increase. The microbiome has gradually become the research focus in the fields of life science, environmental science, and medicine. Meanwhile, many countries and organizations around the world are launching their own microbiome projects and conducting a multi-faceted layout, striving to gain a strategic position in this promising field. In addition, whether it is scientific research or industrial applications, there has been a climax of research and a wave of investment and financing, accordingly, products and services related to the microbiome are constantly emerging. However, due to the rapid development of microbiome sequencing and analysis related technologies and methods, the research and application from various countries have not yet unified on the standards of technology, programs, and data. Domestic industry participants also have insufficient understanding of the microbiome. New methods, technologies, and theories have not yet been fully accepted and used. In addition, some of the existing standards and guidelines are too general with poor practicality. This not only causes obstacles in the integration of scientific research data and waste of resources, but also gives related companies unfair competition opportunity. More importantly, China still lacks national standards related to the microbiome, and the national microbiome project is still in the process of preparation. In this context, the experts and practitioners of the microbiome worked together and developed the consensus of experts. It can not only guide domestic scientific research and industrial institutions to regulate the production, learning and research of the microbiome, the application can also provide reference technical basis for the relevant national functional departments, protect the scale and standardized corporate company's interests, strengthen industry self-discipline, avoid unregulated enterprises from disrupting the market, and ultimately promote the benign development of microbiome-related industries.

Molecular Mechanism of PDGFC Regulated by HuR in Breast Cancer Cells / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism of PDGFC regulated by HuR in breast cancer cells.Methods:Through the software analysises,we first predicted the HuR-binding sites on the PDGFC 3'-UTR in breast cancer cells;An RNA-immunoprecipitation tested the interaction of HuR with the PDGFC mRN after adding PDGFC stimulation;Luciferase experiments tested the HuR-binding sites of PDGFC regulated by HuR through structuring five truncated of PDGFC 3'UTR.Results:We found five HuR-binding sites in the 3'UTR of PDGFC by software prediction;The RNA-immunoprecipitation showed the co-immunoprecipitation of HuR and PDGFC mRN after adding PDGFC stimulation confirming the direct association of HuR with the PDGFC;Luciferase experiments ofPDGFC mRNA 3'UTR showed that PDGFC regulated by the second and fourth HuR-binding sites.Conclusions:This study reveals the molecular mechanism of PDGFC regulated by HuR through binding to PDGFC mRNA 3'UTR in breast cancer cells,and provided rationale for the development of strategies in the clinical diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer.

Research progress in pharmacogenomics of oral antidiabetic drug in type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国糖尿病杂志

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic metabolic disorder,it results from an interaction of environmental as well as genetic factors.There were several kinds of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs),including biguanides,sulfonylureas,thiazolidinediones,and meglitinides,etc.Several genes have been identified to be associated with disease development and therapeutic outcomes.Inter-individual variations in the human genome affect both,risk of T2DM development and personalized response to identical drug therapies.Pharmacogenomics approaches focus on single nucleotide polymorphisms and their influence on individual drug response,efficacy and toxicity.Therefore,pharmacogenomics in T2DM is of great importance towards precision medicine which will greatly improve the efficacy of diabetes treatment.In this paper,antidiabetic drugs and related gene polymorphism researches are reviewed.

Qualitative research on experiential teaching in the core midwifery curriculum / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand the practice of experiential teaching in the core midwifery curriculum. Methods Phenomenology as a qualitative research method was utilized and fifteen students participated in the non-structured interviews. Results Four themes were found: comprehension of knowledge;professional thought; teacher- student relationship;gratitude. Conclusions Experiential teaching can increase the teaching effect of core midwifery curriculum, and develop good ideological and professional qualities.

Expression of the hemagglutinin and neuramidinase gene of influenza A virus H1N1 in Pichia methanolica / 生物工程学报

On the basis of successful cloning the full length hemagglulinin (HA) and neuramidinase (NA) gene and sequence analysis of influenza virus H1N1, part of the gene was ligated into pMETA. Expression vectors pMETA/HA (52-1 557 bp) and pMETA/NA (121-1 263 bp) were constructed and expressed in pMAD16 induced by methanol. Recombinant protein was purified through Ni2+ affinity chromatography. Western blotting and ELISA were used to determine the antigenic activity of the recombinant protein. SDS-PAGE showed that the recombinant capsid gene could be overexpressed in Pichia methanolica. ELISA and Western blotting showed that the recombinant protein had antigenicity.

Bortezomib-based combination therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma / 中华内科杂志

Objectives To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of bortezomib based combination therapy for Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma(MM),and to determine the combination regimen,dosage and cycles in application of bortezomib for MM therapy.Methods Forty-six patients with refractory or relapsed myeloma were treated with bortezomib(1.3 mg/m2)as an intravenous bolus twice weekly for 2 weeks on day 1,4,8,and 11 in a 3-4 week cycle,in combination with dexamethasone,dexamethasone plus thalidomide, CD(C-cytoxan,D-dexamethasone),MD(M- mitoxsnteone),DCEP(E-etoposide,P-platinol),and DT-PACE regimens(T-thalidomide,A-adriamycin). Response to bortezomib was evaluated according to the criteria of the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG)before initiation of each cycle.Adverse events were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria,version 3.0.Forty-nine matched patients with relapsed and refractory MM who received thalidomide based combination therapy were used as a historical control group.Results Among 43 of the 46 patients whom could be evaluated,the overall response rate was 72.1%(the control group was 51.0%,P＜0.05),including complete response in 5 patients(11.6%),very good partial response in 12 patients(27.9%),and partial response in 14 patients(32.6%).The overall response rate after one and two cycles was 30.2%and 58.1%(P＜0.05),respectively.The frequent adverse events were thromboeytopenia(62.8%),fatigue(55.8%),nausea(51.2%)and peripheral neuropathy (30.2%);all of the events could be tolerated.The most common adverse event in the control group was constipation(69.4%),followed by fatigue(59.2%)and dizziness(46.9%).Conclusions Bortezomib based combination therapy is a new effective therapy in relapsed or refractory myeloma patients with a higher response rate and difierent toxicities as compared with thalidomide based combinations.