Comparison of genetic variation between primary colorectal cancer and metastatic peritoneal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Among cancer metastases by primary colorectal cancer (CRC), peritoneal metastasis is the second most common metastatic lesion after liver metastasis. In treating metastatic CRC, it is very important to differentiate targeted-therapy and chemotherapy according to the characteristics of each lesion because the genetic variation of the primary and metastatic lesions are different. However, there are few studies of genetic characteristics on peritoneal metastasis caused by primary CRC, so molecular-level studies are continuously required. OBJECTIVE: We propose an appropriate peritoneal metastasis treatment policy by identifying the genetic characteristics between primary CRC and synchronous peritoneal metastatic lesions. METHODS: Primary CRC and synchronous peritoneal metastasis samples were analyzed in pairs from six patients using Comprehensive Cancer Panel (409 cancer-related genes, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS: The mutations were commonly found on the KMT2C and THBS1 genes in both primary CRC and peritoneal metastasis. The PDE4DIP gene was mutated in all cases except for on a sample of peritoneal metastasis. As a result of analysis using the mutation database, we confirmed that the gene mutations of primary CRC and the peritoneal metastasis derived from it showed the same tendency, although we did not accompany the gene expression level or epigenetic study. CONCLUSION: It is thought that the treatment policy through molecular genetic testing of primary CRC can also be applied to peritoneal metastasis treatment. Our study is expected to be the basis for further peritoneal metastasis research.

Impacts of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Outbreaks in Korea: Level 1 Trauma Center Data of Domestic Incidents and Intentional Injury.

OBJECTIVES: As a protective measure to slow down the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 in Korea, social distancing was implemented from February 29th, 2020. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of domestic incidents and intentional injury during March 2020 when social distancing was in effect. METHODS: There were 12,638 patients who visited the Level 1 trauma center of Chungnam province with injuries from domestic incidents, familial discord, and intentional injury. The prevalence of injuries during March 2020 was compared with the average of the previous 5 years, and the average for every March between 2015 and 2019. RESULTS: The prevalence of domestic incidents in March 2020 was significantly higher than the 5-year average, and the average for every March from 2015 to 2019 (p < 0.001). Familial discord (p = 0.002) and intentional injury (p = 0.031) were more frequently observed in March 2020. Adolescents showed a markedly higher level of intentional injury in March 2020 than in both the 5-year average (p = 0.031), and average for every March over the previous 5 years (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of domestic incidents and intentional injury were significantly higher during the period of social distancing in Korea. There is a need for social consensus, better policies, and psychological support services, especially if faced with a second or third wave of coronavirus disease.

Blunt trauma of unilateral intraperitoneal kidney: A case report.

The kidney is located and fixed with Gerota's fascia in the retroperitoneal space and is surrounded by a fat pad that acts as a shock absorber in the normal anatomy; however, the kidney becomes more vulnerable to external shock when it is located intraperitoneally. Bleeding from an injury may advance to hemoperitoneum and unstable hemodynamics may develop, requiring emergency surgery. Although various anatomical variations of the kidney have been reported, to our knowledge, an intraperitoneal kidney has never been reported previously except for one case in the world literature. This paper describes a successful nephrectomy of a unilateral intraperitoneal kidney in a 69-year-old woman who had grade IV laceration based on the renal injury scale of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma with unstable hemodynamics after blunt trauma.

Monitoring of black carbon concentration at an inland rural area including fixed sources in Korea.

We monitored black carbon (BC) concentration for 6months to understand the characteristics of atmospheric aerosols of an inland rural area in Korea. A multi-angle absorption photometer was used to continuously monitor the BC concentration, which was compared with elemental carbon (EC) concentration measured by an OC/EC Analyzer. For the atmospheric aerosols less than 10µm, size distributions were measured using both an optical particle counter and a scanning mobility particle sizer. The diurnal variations for BC concentration show that the average BC concentration was 1.43µgm(-3) and exhibited peaks in the morning rush hours. However, the BC concentration measured at night from 20:00 to 08:00 was higher than that measured during the day. The reason why the BC concentration at night was higher would be partly due to the regional characteristics influenced by the combination of local fixed sources and traffic condition. It is suggested that the traffic and transporting of pollutants from the west influenced the increase in the BC concentration at inland rural area including fixed sources.