Effect of Mollusca shell extracts on inhibition of kimchi over-acidification.

Mollusca species shell such as oyster shell (OS) and snail shell (SS), are discarded after taking the meat, and the discarded shell causes the environmental problems. Therefore, recycling shell waste could potentially eliminate the environmental problems. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of OS and SS as natural calcium resources. The minerals, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and sodium were analyzed in OS and SS extracts. Among them, the calcium content was the highest: 36.87 (%) and 33.42 (%) in the OS and SS extracts, respectively. Further, the content of ionized bioavailable form of calcium in OS and SS was higher than that of CaCO3 under simulated gastrointestinal digestion conditions. Additionally, OS and SS were added to kimchi, and their inhibitory effect on kimchi acidification was evaluated by assessing pH, titratable acidity and microbial analysis. As the results indicated that the addition of OS and SS had little effect on inhibiting the growth of lactic acid bacteria. However, it was confirmed that calcium neutralizes the organic acids produced during fermentation. Overall, the results of this study provide preliminary information on the re-use of OS and SS extracts as ionized natural calcium supplements and fermentation retardants.

Ruxolitinib induces apoptosis and pyroptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer via the transcriptional inhibition of DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) has a 100% disease-specific mortality rate. The JAK1/2-STAT3 pathway presents a promising target for treating hematologic and solid tumors. However, it is unknown whether the JAK1/2-STAT3 pathway is activated in ATC, and the anti-cancer effects and the mechanism of action of its inhibitor, ruxolitinib (Ruxo, a clinical JAK1/2 inhibitor), remain elusive. Our data indicated that the JAK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway is significantly upregulated in ATC tumor tissues than in normal thyroid and papillary thyroid cancer tissues. Apoptosis and GSDME-pyroptosis were observed in ATC cells following the in vitro and in vivo administration of Ruxo. Mechanistically, Ruxo suppresses the phosphorylation of STAT3, resulting in the repression of DRP1 transactivation and causing mitochondrial fission deficiency. This deficiency is essential for activating caspase 9/3-dependent apoptosis and GSDME-mediated pyroptosis within ATC cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate DRP1 is directly regulated and transactivated by STAT3; this exhibits a novel and crucial aspect of JAK1/2-STAT3 on the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. In ATC, the transcriptional inhibition of DRP1 by Ruxo hampered mitochondrial division and triggered apoptosis and GSDME-pyroptosis through caspase 9/3-dependent mechanisms. These results provide compelling evidence for the potential therapeutic effectiveness of Ruxo in treating ATC.

Metabolic shift during fermentation in kimchi according to capsaicinoid concentration.

The cultivar of red pepper used in kimchi contributes to spiciness, red color, and fermentation characteristics. Capsaicinoids are the main components of red pepper. Therefore, understanding changes in metabolites during kimchi fermentation according to capsaicinoid concentration is necessary to control the quality of kimchi. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of capsaicinoids on metabolites during kimchi fermentation. To profile the effect of capsaicinoid concentrations on kimchi fermentation, five kimchi samples were prepared using different concentrations of capsaicinoids (4, 12, 30.7, 40.9, and 50.3 mg/kg) and stored at 4 °C for 28 days. During kimchi fermentation, pH, titratable acidity, capsaicinoid concentration, total viable and lactic acid bacteria, free sugars, amino acids, and microbial community were evaluated. Each result was statistically analyzed for changes in capsaicin concentration and fermentation time. The capsaicinoid concentration did not change during kimchi fermentation but the growth of lactic acid bacteria changed. According to the growth of lactic acid bacteria, free sugar, amino acids, and microbial community changed with the capsaicinoid concentration. Overall, the results of this study provide preliminary information on the use of red pepper and capsaicinoids in the kimchi industry.

Kimchi attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells and C57BL/6N mice.

Kimchi is a traditional fermented food that contains abundant nutrients and functional ingredients with various health benefits. We previously reported that kimchi active components suppress hepatic steatosis caused by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we assessed the effect of kimchi on the inhibition of hepatic steatosis caused by ER stress in HepG2 cells and C57BL/6N mice to verify the hypothesis that kimchi may potentially inhibit nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We investigated the effect of kimchi on cell viability and triglyceride concentrations in cells and on lipid profile, lipid accumulation, and expression of related genes in cells and mice with hepatic steatosis. A mechanistic study was also performed using the liver X receptor α agonist T0901317 and the AMP-activated protein kinase agonist AICAR. Kimchi was noncytotoxic and effectively reduced triglyceride concentrations and suppressed hepatic steatosis-related gene expression in cells and mice. Additionally, kimchi recovered weight loss, lowered the serum and liver tissue lipid profiles, suppressed lipid accumulation, and reduced the effects of T0901317 and AICAR on lipogenic gene expression in tunicamycin-treated mice. Our results highlight that kimchi could prevent hepatic steatosis caused by ER stress in cells and mice.

Association between kimchi consumption and obesity based on BMI and abdominal obesity in Korean adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the Health Examinees study.

OBJECTIVE: Previous animal studies have shown the anti-obesity effect of kimchi-derived probiotic lactic acid bacteria. However, only a few epidemiological studies have investigated the association between kimchi consumption and obesity. Therefore, we aim to assess this relationship in Korean adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The Health Examinees study was conducted from 2004 to 2013. PARTICIPANTS: This study analysed 115 726 participants aged 40-69 years enrolled in the Health Examinees study in Korea. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, and abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm in men and ≥85 cm in women. Kimchi consumption was assessed by the validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: In men, total kimchi consumption of 1-3 servings/day was related to a lower prevalence of obesity (OR: 0.875 in 1-2 servings/day and OR: 0.893 in 2-3 servings/day) compared with total kimchi consumption of <1 serving/day. Also, men with the highest baechu kimchi (cabbage kimchi) consumption had 10% lower odds of obesity and abdominal obesity. Participants who consumed kkakdugi (radish kimchi) ≥median were inversely associated with 8% in men and 11% in women with lower odds of abdominal obesity compared with non-consumers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Consumption of 1-3 servings/day of total kimchi was associated with a lower risk of obesity in men. Baechu kimchi was associated with a lower prevalence of obesity in men, and kkakdugi was associated with a lower prevalence of abdominal obesity in both men and women. However, since all results showed a 'J-shaped' association, it is recommended to limit excessive kimchi intake.

Anti-Obesity Effect of Kimchi with Starter Cultures in 3T3-L1 Cells.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kimchi have various functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-obesity activities, and are therefore widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical fields. To date, the health functionalities of LAB have been widely reported; however, those of kimchi fermented with LAB as a starter have rarely been reported. Therefore, research on the selection of LAB with anti-obesity activity and the health functionality of kimchi fermented with LAB is needed. In the present study, LAB with anti-obesity activity were initially selected by measuring the Oil-Red O intensity. Among the four LAB strains, anti-obesity activity was confirmed by measuring cell viability, lipid levels, and lipid accumulation. Then, starter kimchi (SK) was prepared by inoculating selected LABs, and its pH, total acidity, and salinity were compared with those of naturally fermented kimchi (NK). Lastly, anti-obesity activity was also investigated in 3T3-L1 cells. Selected LAB showed no cytotoxicity up to 107 CFU/ml, with Lactobacillus brevis JC7 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCKM0828 having higher inhibitory effects on TG, TC content and lipid accumulation. Most SKs showed fermentation properties similar to those of the NK. SKs showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations of up to 1,000 µg/ml. SKs showed strong inhibitory effects on TG content, lipid accumulation, and obesity-related gene and protein expressions. Taken together, the utilization of LAB as a starter could improve the health benefits of kimchi.

Genetic characterization of avian polyomaviruses identified from psittacine birds in South Korea.

Budgerigar fledgling disease (BFD) is a contagious disease caused by avian polyomavirus (APV) in psittacine birds and causes high mortality rates. Here, eight APV-positive cases were confirmed from dead parrots or parrot tissue samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Full-length genome sequencing showed high nucleotide identity (98.84-100%) between the APV strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two genogroups were cocirculating in South Korea. The nucleotide sequences of five strains, collected from different parrot species, were identical; however, pathological lesions were observed in only two parrots, both aged 2 months. Pathology included necrotic spots in the liver, subcutaneous haemorrhage, hepatomegaly, ascites, intranuclear inclusion bodies, hepatocyte karyomegaly, hepatic necrosis, and bile duct proliferation. This suggests that the pathogenicity of APV might be host age-dependent regardless of the host species. This study improves our understanding of APV pathogenicity and provides a more detailed genetic characterization of APV strains.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Eight APV strains were identified in South Korea from 2019 to 2021.By phylogenetic analysis, South Korean APV strains were classified into two clades.

A Novel Interaction between MFN2/Marf and MARK4/PAR-1 Is Implicated in Synaptic Defects and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

As cellular energy powerhouses, mitochondria undergo constant fission and fusion to maintain functional homeostasis. The conserved dynamin-like GTPase, Mitofusin2 (MFN2)/mitochondrial assembly regulatory factor (Marf), plays a role in mitochondrial fusion, mutations of which are implicated in age-related human diseases, including several neurodegenerative disorders. However, the regulation of MFN2/Marf-mediated mitochondrial fusion, as well as the pathologic mechanism of neurodegeneration, is not clearly understood. Here, we identified a novel interaction between MFN2/Marf and microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4)/PAR-1. In the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction, muscle-specific overexpression of MFN2/Marf decreased the number of synaptic boutons, and the loss of MARK4/PAR-1 alleviated the synaptic defects of MFN2/Marf overexpression. Downregulation of MARK4/PAR-1 rescued the mitochondrial hyperfusion phenotype caused by MFN2/Marf overexpression in the Drosophila muscles as well as in the cultured cells. In addition, knockdown of MARK4/PAR-1 rescued the respiratory dysfunction of mitochondria induced by MFN2/Marf overexpression in mammalian cells. Together, our results indicate that the interaction between MFN2/Marf and MARK4/PAR-1 is fine-tuned to maintain synaptic integrity and mitochondrial homeostasis, and its dysregulation may be implicated in neurologic pathogenesis.

Optimization of extraction and nanoencapsulation of kimchi cabbage by-products to enhance the simulated in vitro digestion of glucosinolates.

Kimchi cabbage is a well-known glucosinolate (GLS)-containing vegetable, but its by-products are discarded despite the presence of GLS. The aim of this study was the optimization of the extraction and nanoencapsulation of GLS from kimchi cabbage by-products to enhance the intestinal absorption of GLS. The optimal GLS extraction conditions included steaming thrice as pretreatment, utilizing 70% methanol, and ultrasonication at 20% amplitude for 15 min. Under these conditions, 80.11 ± 4.40 mg/100 g of GLS extraction was obtained and the extraction yield was 81.70 ± 4.73%. The optimized kimchi cabbage by-product extract (KCE) was coated with chitosan-lipid nanoparticles (KCE-NPs) and their stability and release under simulated in vitro gastrointestinal conditions were evaluated. KCE-NPs protected the encapsulated GLS under acidic gastric conditions and released 91.63 ± 0.76% of GLS in the simulated intestinal medium. Therefore, the proposed KCE-NPs are a promising delivery system for increasing GLS absorption.

Rab26 restricts insulin secretion via sequestering Synaptotagmin-1.

Rab26 is known to regulate multiple membrane trafficking events, but its role in insulin secretion in pancreatic ß cells remains unclear despite it was first identified in the pancreas. In this study, we generated Rab26-/- mice through CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Surprisingly, insulin levels in the blood of the Rab26-/- mice do not decrease upon glucose stimulation but conversely increase. Deficiency of Rab26 promotes insulin secretion, which was independently verified by Rab26 knockdown in pancreatic insulinoma cells. Conversely, overexpression of Rab26 suppresses insulin secretion in both insulinoma cell lines and isolated mouse islets. Islets overexpressing Rab26, upon transplantation, also failed to restore glucose homeostasis in type 1 diabetic mice. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that overexpression of Rab26 results in clustering of insulin granules. GST-pulldown experiments reveal that Rab26 interacts with synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) through directly binding to its C2A domain, which interfering with the interaction between Syt1 and SNAP25, and consequently inhibiting the exocytosis of newcomer insulin granules revealed by TIRF microscopy. Our results suggest that Rab26 serves as a negative regulator of insulin secretion, via suppressing insulin granule fusion with plasma membrane through sequestering Syt1.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of solar salt brined kimchi.

Salt is an essential ingredient in the kimchi fermentation process. Solar salt has antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity properties. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of solar salt brined kimchi. Purified salt (PS), dehydrated solar salt (DSS), 1-year aged solar salt (SS1), and 3-years aged solar salt (SS3) were investigated. Anti-inflammatory effects were determined by analyzing cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO) production, and inflammation-related gene expression in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 cells. Antioxidant activities of DSS, SS1, and SS3 were higher than that of PS. Solar salt significantly inhibited NO production with low cytotoxicity and decreased inflammation-related gene expression. Kimchi containing solar salt (DSSK, SS1K, and SS3K) showed higher antioxidant activity than PSK. Additionally, DSSK, SS1K, and SS3K significantly inhibited NO production and decreased the expression of inflammation-related genes. Owing to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, using solar salt in kimchi preparation could have potential health benefits.

WFS1 autosomal dominant variants linked with hearing loss: update on structural analysis and cochlear implant outcome.

BACKGROUND: Wolfram syndrome type 1 gene (WFS1), which encodes a transmembrane structural protein (wolframin), is essential for several biological processes, including proper inner ear function. Unlike the recessively inherited Wolfram syndrome, WFS1 heterozygous variants cause DFNA6/14/38 and wolfram-like syndrome, characterized by autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss, optic atrophy, and diabetes mellitus. Here, we identified two WFS1 heterozygous variants in three DFNA6/14/38 families using exome sequencing. We reveal the pathogenicity of the WFS1 variants based on three-dimensional (3D) modeling and structural analysis. Furthermore, we present cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes in WFS1-associated DFNA6/14/38 and suggest a genotype-phenotype correlation based on our results and a systematic review. METHODS: We performed molecular genetic test and evaluated clinical phenotypes of three WFS1-associated DFNA6/14/38 families. A putative WFS1-NCS1 interaction model was generated, and the impacts of WFS1 variants on stability were predicted by comparing intramolecular interactions. A total of 62 WFS1 variants associated with DFNA6/14/38 were included in a systematic review. RESULTS: One variant is a known mutational hotspot variant in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-luminal domain WFS1(NM_006005.3) (c.2051 C > T:p.Ala684Val), and the other is a novel frameshift variant in transmembrane domain 6 (c.1544_1545insA:p.Phe515LeufsTer28). The two variants were pathogenic, based on the ACMG/AMP guidelines. Three-dimensional modeling and structural analysis show that non-polar, hydrophobic substitution of Ala684 (p.Ala684Val) destabilizes the alpha helix and contributes to the loss of WFS1-NCS1 interaction. Also, the p.Phe515LeufsTer28 variant truncates transmembrane domain 7-9 and the ER-luminal domain, possibly impairing membrane localization and C-terminal signal transduction. The systematic review demonstrates favorable outcomes of CI. Remarkably, p.Ala684Val in WFS1 is associated with early-onset severe-to-profound deafness, revealing a strong candidate variant for CI. CONCLUSIONS: We expanded the genotypic spectrum of WFS1 heterozygous variants underlying DFNA6/14/38 and revealed the pathogenicity of mutant WFS1, providing a theoretical basis for WFS1-NCS1 interactions. We presented a range of phenotypic traits for WFS1 heterozygous variants and demonstrated favorable functional CI outcomes, proposing p.Ala684Val a strong potential marker for CI candidates.

Effect of kimchi intake on body weight of general community dwellers: a prospective cohort study.

The impact of kimchi intake on weight management has been a topic of interest. We aimed to conduct an epidemiological study to investigate the association between kimchi intake and weight loss. Participants were selected from the Health Examinees cohort study. Kimchi intake was assessed by a 106-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, including four types of kimchi. Obesity was defined according to the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity guidelines. We performed a correlation analysis among all participants (N = 58 290) and conducted a prospective risk assessment analysis among participants with a baseline BMI value ≥25 kg m-2 (N = 20 066). In the correlation analysis, higher kimchi consumption was found to be associated with a lower increment in BMI change (men, ß 0.169, 95% CI (0.025, 0.313); women, ß 0.140, 95% CI (0.046, 0.236)) compared with the lower group. The risk assessment analysis indicated that moderate kimchi consumption is associated with normal weight development in men (Q3, hazard ratio, 1.28, 95% CI (1.06, 1.54)). Baechu [cabbage] kimchi intake also showed a significant association among men participants (all p for trend <0.05). In conclusion, moderate kimchi intake was associated with weight loss among middle-aged and older Koreans, especially in men.

Anti-obesity effect of vegetable juice fermented with lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi in C57BL/6J mice and human mesenchymal stem cells.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of fermented vegetable juice (VJ) obtained from a blend of four crops (Brassica oleracea var. capitata, B. oleracea var. italica, Daucus carota L., and Beta vulgaris) on adipogenesis along with the identification of active compounds. Two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Companilactobacillus allii WiKim39 and Lactococcus lactis WiKim0124), isolated from kimchi, were used to ferment the VJ and their effectiveness was evaluated in differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells and obese mice. In vitro antibody array analysis was done to understand signaling proteins in adipogenesis. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins are related to biological processes including immunological processes. These were effectively regulated by LAB and fermented VJ. Supplementation of fermented VJ reduced the weight gain, blood biochemical indicators, and liver fat accumulation in mice. Oil Red O staining indicated that the fermentation metabolites of VJ (indole-3-lactic acid, leucic acid, and phenyllactic acid) had an inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation in vitro. Therefore, it can be concluded that LAB-fermented VJ and its metabolites have the potential to counter obesity, and thus can be therapeutically effective.

Correlation Between Nutritional Risk and Clinical and Endoscopic Features in Crohn's Disease Patients Treated With Biological Agents / 胃肠病学

Background: The widespread use of biological agents in recent years can improve the nutritional status of partial patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and change the course of the disease. Aims: To investigate the correlation between the nutritional risk and clinical and endoscopic features in CD patients treated with biological agents. Methods: Sixty⁃eight CD patients treated with biological agents from June 2021 to June 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were enrolled. Nutritional risk screening was conducted by nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002), and its correlation with clinical and endoscopic features was analyzed. Results: In 68 CD patients treated with biological agents, incidence of nutritional risk was 66.2%. There was statistically significant difference in incidence of nutritional risk in patients with different disease behaviors, SES⁃CD score and postoperative Rutgeerts score (all P0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of nutritional risk is high in CD patients treated with biological agents, and is correlated with CD disease behavior, SES ⁃ CD score, and postoperative Rutgeerts score.

Effects of salt type on the metabolites and microbial community in kimchi fermentation.

The taste of kimchi is greatly affected by the salt type used during fermentation. Here, we investigated the effects of salts with different mineral contents on the microbial community and metabolite profiles of fermented kimchi using multivariate statistical analysis. We evaluated different types of salt used to prepare kimchi, namely, solar salt aged for 1 year, solar salt aged for 3 years, dehydrated solar salt, and purified salt. The main microorganisms detected in kimchi were Weissella koreensis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Latilactobacillus sakei. Leuconostoc and Weissella were mainly present in kimchi supplemented with solar salt. However, a high proportion of L. sakei was present in kimchi supplemented with purified salt and dehydrated salt. Additionally, using GC-MS-based metabolite analysis, we revealed that the content of free sugars, organic acids, and amino acids differed in kimchi fermented with different salt types. Therefore, we demonstrated that salt type had a pronounced effect on the resultant microbial community and the type and concentration of metabolites present in fermented kimchi.

Inactivation of Foodborne Pathogens on Inshell Walnuts by UV-C Radiation.

ABSTRACT: Inshell walnuts can be contaminated with pathogens through direct contact or cross-contamination during harvesting and postharvest hulling, drying, or storage. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of UV-C radiation in inactivating foodborne pathogens on inshell walnut surfaces. Intact inshell walnut surfaces were inoculated separately with Salmonella,Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus and then were subjected to UV-C radiation at doses of 29.4, 147.0, 294.0, 588.0, and 882.0 mJ/cm2. UV-C radiation inactivated the inoculated pathogens in a dose-dependent manner, and a tailing effect was observed for the inactivation of pathogens. UV-C radiation at 29.4 and 882.0 mJ/cm2 reduced the populations of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30, Salmonella Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus on inshell walnut surfaces by 0.82 to 1.25 and 1.76 to 2.41 log CFU per walnut, respectively. Scanning electron photomicrographs showed pathogenic bacterial cells in the cracks and crevices of the inshell walnut surface, and the shielding of microorganisms by the cracks and crevices may have contributed to the tailing effect observed during UV-C inactivation. No significant changes (P > 0.05) were found in walnut lipid oxidation following UV-C radiation at doses up to 882.0 mJ/cm2. Together, the results indicate that UV-C radiation could be a potential technology for reducing the populations of various foodborne pathogens on inshell walnut surfaces while maintaining the quality of walnuts.

Adipose stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorates corticosterone-induced apoptosis in the cortical neurons via inhibition of ER stress.

BACKGROUND: Corticosterone (CORT) can induce neuronal damage in various brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, the region implicated in depression. However, the underlying mechanisms of these CORT-induced effects remain poorly understood. Recently, many studies have suggested that adipose stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (A-EVs) protect neurons in the brain. METHODS: To investigated neuroprotection effects of A-EVs in the CORT-induced cortical neurons, we cultured cortical neurons from E15 mice for 7 days, and the cultured cortical neurons were pretreated with different numbers (5 × 105-107 per mL) of A-EVs (A-EVs5, A-EVs6, A-EVs7) for 30 min followed by administration of 200 µM CORT for 24 h. RESULTS: Here, we show that A-EVs exert antiapoptotic effects by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CORT-induced cortical neurons. We found that A-EVs prevented neuronal cell death induced by CORT in cultured cortical neurons. More importantly, we found that CORT exposure in cortical neurons resulted in increased levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as cleaved caspase-3. However, pretreatment with A-EVs rescued the levels of caspase-3. Intriguingly, CORT-induced apoptosis involved upstream activation of ER stress proteins such as GRP78, CHOP and ATF4. However, pretreatment with A-EVs inhibited ER stress-related protein expression. CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal that A-EVs exert antiapoptotic effects via inhibition of ER stress in CORT-induced cell death.

A case report of renal calyceal diverticulum with hypertension in children and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Renal calyx diverticulum refers to a cystic lesion covered with the transitional epithelium in the renal parenchyma. Although there is no clear evidence that calyx diverticulum can cause hypertension, there exists a close association between the two, and there are few related reports. Herein, we reported the case of a child with renal calyx diverticulum complicated with hypertension and summarized the diagnosis and treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: Physical examination of the patient, an 11-year-old child, revealed a left renal cyst with hypertension (155/116 mmHg). There were no related symptoms. Routine urine and blood biochemical examinations showed no abnormalities. Imaging revealed left renal cyst compression causing the hypertension. She underwent renal cyst fluid aspiration and injection of a sclerosing agent into the capsule, but her blood pressure increased again 3 days postoperatively. Color Doppler ultrasonography showed that the size of the left renal cyst was the same as that preoperatively. To further confirm the diagnosis, cystoscopic retrograde ureteropyelography was performed to confirm the diagnosis of renal calyx diverticulum. Subsequently, renal calyceal diverticulum resection and calyx neck enlargement were performed. The operation went smoothly and the blood pressure returned to normal postoperatively. No abnormalities were noted at the 7-month postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSION: There exists an association between renal calyx diverticulum and hypertension. Therefore, hypertension can be considered a surgical indication for renal calyx diverticulum. Moreover, renal calyceal diverticulum in children can be easily misdiagnosed as a renal cyst. Therefore, it is important to be vigilant to prevent a series of complications, such as postoperative urine leakage, in such cases.

UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and GC-MS Characterization of Phytochemicals in Vegetable Juice Fermented Using Lactic Acid Bacteria from Kimchi and Their Antioxidant Potential.

This study aims to investigate fermentative metabolites in probiotic vegetable juice from four crop varieties (Brassica oleracea var. capitata, B. oleracea var. italica, Daucus carota L., and Beta vulgaris) and their antioxidant properties. Vegetable juice was inoculated with two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Companilactobacillus allii WiKim39 and Lactococcus lactis WiKim0124) isolated from kimchi and their properties were evaluated using untargeted UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and GC-MS. The samples were also evaluated for radical (DPPH• and OH•) scavenging activities, lipid peroxidation, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. The fermented vegetable juices exhibited high antioxidant activities and increased amounts of total phenolic compounds. Fifteen compounds and thirty-two volatiles were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and GC-MS, respectively. LAB fermentation significantly increased the contents of d-leucic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid, pyroglutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, and gluconic acid. These six metabolites showed a positive correlation with antioxidant properties. Thus, vegetable juices fermented with WiKim39 and WiKim0124 can be considered as novel bioactive health-promoting sources.