Synergy effect of silicate fertilizer and iron slag: A sustainable approach for mitigating methane emission in rice farming.

Although silicate fertilizer has been recently recognized for its ability to suppress methane (CH4) emissions in paddy fields, the effects of its consecutive application during the rice farming period are still a subject of debate. Moreover, while it was known that silicate fertilizer can mitigate CH4 emissions through several electron acceptors, the effect of additional application of electron acceptors have not been extensively studied. This study evaluated the effect of silicate fertilizer with varying concentrations of iron slag on CH4 emissions and rice yield over the 3 years rice farming period. Seasonal CH4 fluxes exhibited a significant decrease with the application of silicate fertilizer, with the treatment containing 2.5 % iron slag showing the maximum reduction of 35 % in 2020. Additionally, in 2021 and 2022, the application of silicate fertilizer with 2.5 % iron slag resulted in a decrease of total seasonal CH4 emission by 22 % and 23 %, respectively. Rice grain yield exhibited a significant increase with the inclusion of iron slag in the silicate fertilizer, which resulted in a 37 % and 16 % higher yield compared to no-silicate fertilization and no­iron slag silicate fertilization, respectively. Therefore, iron slag-based silicate fertilizer could be a beneficial soil amendment to mitigate CH4 emissions in rice paddy fields and improve rice productivity without negative effects on the atmospheric and soil ecosystem.

Pyrolysis temperature and time of rice husk biochar potentially control ammonia emissions and Chinese cabbage yield from urea-fertilized soils.

Current agricultural practices are increasingly favoring the biochar application to sequester carbon, enhance crop growth, and mitigate various environmental pollutants resulting from nitrogen (N) loss. However, since biochar's characteristics can vary depending on pyrolysis conditions, it is essential to determine the optimal standard, as they can have different effects on soil health. In this study, we categorized rice husk biochars basis on their pH levels and investigated the role of each rice husk biochar in reducing ammonia (NH3) emissions and promoting the growth of Chinese cabbage in urea-fertilized fields. The findings of this study revealed that the variation in pyrolysis conditions of rice husk biochars and N rates affected both the NH3 emissions and crop growth. The neutral (pH 7.10) biochar exhibited effective NH3 volatilization reduction, attributed to its high surface area (6.49 m2 g-1), outperforming the acidic (pH 6.10) and basic (pH 11.01) biochars, particularly under high N rates (640 kg N ha-1). Chinese cabbage yield was highest, reaching 4.00 kg plant-1, with the basic biochar application with high N rates. Therefore, the neutral rice husk biochar effectively mitigate the NH3 emissions from urea-treated fields, while the agronomic performance of Chinese cabbage enhanced in all biochar amendments.

Inhibitory effects of Oncorhynchus mykiss lipids in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells via suppression of NF-κB and MAPK pathways.

Oncorhynchus mykiss, a significant aquaculture species, possesses compounds with numerous biological and pharmacological functions, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-microbial, and anti-obesity effects. However, possible anti-inflammatory effects of lipids extracted from O. mykiss eggs on RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS have not been elucidated yet. The current study identified 13 fatty acids in lipids extracted from O. mykiss eggs that contained high amounts (51.92% of total fatty acids) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially DHA (33.66%) and EPA (7.77%). These O. mykiss lipids (100-400 µg/mL) showed significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NO and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. They also inhibited expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α, while upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-11, and TGF-ß. These lipids from O. mykiss effectively inhibited LPS-induced expression CD86 as a surface biomarker on RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, O. mykiss lipids suppressed phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 and the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB subunit p65. These findings indicate that O. mykiss lipids possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Mechanism of Ruanmai decoction in treating atherosclerosis based on YWHAZ/p38MAPK/CASP3 signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the mechanism of action of Ruanmai decoction in treating atherosclerosis through network pharmacology. Methods The chemical components and targets of Ruanmai decoction were queried using TCMSP. Relevant targets for atherosclerosis were retrieved from DrugBank, GeneCards, OMIM, and TTD databases. The " Drug-Active Ingredient-Target" PPI network was constructed using Cyto-scape software. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed using the David database. Molecular docking verification of key components with core targets was conducted using the Seesar software. Atherosclerosis mouse models were established by feeding ApoE mice with a high-fat diet, and Ruanmai decoction granules were administered orally. Aortic pathological sections were stained, blood lipids were measured, and immunofluorescence was used to detect Mac2 and YWHAZ protein expression. Western blot was used to detect p-p38MAPK and C-CASP3 protein expression. Results Ruanmai decoction screened a total of 72 active drug components corresponding to 168 target genes for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The targets were primarily enriched in biological processes related to lip-id metabolism, inflammation and immunity, oxidative stress, vascular endothelial function, cell proliferation and apoptosis, glycolysis, and ubiquitination. Signaling pathways such as МАРК, TNF, PDK-Akt, and IL-17 were also involved. Animal experiments verified that RMJ could regulate the p38MAPK signaling pathway by down-regulating key targets YWHAZ, p-p38MAPK, and C-CASP3, thereby reducing AS inflammation and inflammation-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Ruanmai decoction can inhibit the expression of YWHAZ and activate the p38MAPK signaling pathway, potentially improving vascular inflammation, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and other pathological processes by regulating the МАРК, TNF, PDK-Akt, and IL-17 signaling pathways, thus preventing and treating atherosclerosis.

Evaluating methane emissions from rice paddies: A study on the cultivar and transplanting date.

Climate change, driven by increased greenhouse gas emissions, is a pressing environmental issue worldwide. Flooded rice paddy soils are a predominant source of methane (CH4) emissions, accounting for approximately 11 % of global emissions. Factors such as rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, transplanting date, water management, and soil characteristics significantly influence these emissions. This study aimed to evaluate the CH4 emissions from rice paddies in relation to the cultivar and transplanting date. The experiment included two rice cultivars (an early-maturing cultivar, Unkwang, and a medium-late-maturing cultivar, Samkwang) and four transplanting dates (Times 1-4). In the present study, CH4 emissions were higher with earlier transplanting dates and decreased significantly with delayed transplanting. Weather conditions, such as cumulative mean air temperature, cumulative soil temperature, and total sunshine hours, were positively correlated with total CH4 emissions. The recommended regional transplanting date (Time 3) resulted in the highest rice grain yields for both cultivars. However, the earlier transplanting dates (Time 1 and Time 2) were more effective in improving plant growth characteristics such as rice straw weight, root biomass weight, and chlorophyll content. A significant positive correlation was observed between the root biomass weight of the rice and CH4 emissions in both cultivars, implying that an increase in root biomass weight led to an increase in CH4 emissions. Consequently, adhering to the advised regional transplanting dates is the most sensible approach for transplanting rice seedlings. This ensured lower CH4 emissions without compromising rice productivity or quality for both cultivars. Further research should focus on identifying the most appropriate rice-transplanting dates and management practices to effectively reduce CH4 emissions without compromising rice production.

Evaluation of macular function changes in glaucoma using MAIA microperimetry / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe the characteristics of microperimetry in patients with glaucoma, and investigate the correlation between microperimetry and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), standard automatic perimetry and optical coherence tomography(OCT)index.METHODS: This case-control study included 45 patients(76 eyes)with glaucoma(glaucoma group), among which 15 patients(25 eyes)with primary open-angle glaucoma and 30 patients(51 eyes)with chronic angle-closure glaucoma, and 40 healthy individuals(76 eyes)were included in the control group. MAIA microperimetry, Humphrey perimetry, and BCVA tests were performed in all examined eyes. Correlation analysis was performed using the structural indices measured by OCT.RESULTS: The mean sensitivity(MS)in macular area measured by microperimetry and the ganglion cell complex(GCC)and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness measured by OCT were decreased in glaucoma patients when compared to the control group. Additionally, the mean defect(MD)measured by Humphrey perimetry(10-2 visual field test), focal loss volume(FLV), global loss volume(GLV)measured by OCT, and 63% bivariate contour ellipse area(BCEA )measured by MAIA microperimetry were higher than those of the control group. The MS was negatively correlated with MD, FLV, GLV and BCVA(LogMAR)in the glaucoma group(rs=-0.839, -0.665, -0.530, and -0.424, all P<0.01). In contrast, MS was positively correlated with GCC and RNFL in the glaucoma group(rs=0.437, 0.500, all P<0.01). MAIA microperimetry had a shorter detection time. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that MAIA microperimetry had moderate accuracy for the diagnosis of glaucoma.CONCLUSIONS: MAIA microperimetry has high sensitivity and can detect retinal sensitivity reduction in areas of structural damage tested by OCT. The microperimetry values were correlated with BCVA, standard automatic perimetry parameters, and OCT parameters. MAIA microperimetry combined with OCT will increase the early diagnosis rate of glaucoma.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Molecular Expression Pattern and Intercellular Interactions in the Glial Scar Response to Spinal Cord Injury / 神经科学通报·英文版

Nerve regeneration in adult mammalian spinal cord is poor because of the lack of intrinsic regeneration of neurons and extrinsic factors - the glial scar is triggered by injury and inhibits or promotes regeneration. Recent technological advances in spatial transcriptomics (ST) provide a unique opportunity to decipher most genes systematically throughout scar formation, which remains poorly understood. Here, we first constructed the tissue-wide gene expression patterns of mouse spinal cords over the course of scar formation using ST after spinal cord injury from 32 samples. Locally, we profiled gene expression gradients from the leading edge to the core of the scar areas to further understand the scar microenvironment, such as neurotransmitter disorders, activation of the pro-inflammatory response, neurotoxic saturated lipids, angiogenesis, obstructed axon extension, and extracellular structure re-organization. In addition, we described 21 cell transcriptional states during scar formation and delineated the origins, functional diversity, and possible trajectories of subpopulations of fibroblasts, glia, and immune cells. Specifically, we found some regulators in special cell types, such as Thbs1 and Col1a2 in macrophages, CD36 and Postn in fibroblasts, Plxnb2 and Nxpe3 in microglia, Clu in astrocytes, and CD74 in oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, salvianolic acid B, a blood-brain barrier permeation and CD36 inhibitor, was administered after surgery and found to remedy fibrosis. Subsequently, we described the extent of the scar boundary and profiled the bidirectional ligand-receptor interactions at the neighboring cluster boundary, contributing to maintain scar architecture during gliosis and fibrosis, and found that GPR37L1_PSAP, and GPR37_PSAP were the most significant gene-pairs among microglia, fibroblasts, and astrocytes. Last, we quantified the fraction of scar-resident cells and proposed four possible phases of scar formation: macrophage infiltration, proliferation and differentiation of scar-resident cells, scar emergence, and scar stationary. Together, these profiles delineated the spatial heterogeneity of the scar, confirmed the previous concepts about scar architecture, provided some new clues for scar formation, and served as a valuable resource for the treatment of central nervous system injury.

Correlation between PAFAH1B3 Expression Level and Risk of Disease Progression After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the association between the expression level of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1B3 (PAFAH1B3 ) gene in bone marrow CD138+ cells of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) and the prognosis within 2 years.@*METHODS@#147 MM patients treated with AHSCT in The First and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from May 2014 to May 2019 were included in the study. Expression level of PAFAH1B3 mRNA in bone marrow CD138+ cells of the patients was detected. Patients with disease progression or death during 2 years of follow-up were included in progression group, and the rest were included in good prognosis group. After comparing the clinical data and PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression levels of the two groups, the patients were divided into high PAFAH1B3 expression group and low PAFAH1B3 expression group based on the median PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression level of the enrolled patients. Progression-free survival rate (PFSR) between the two groups was compared by the Kaplan-Meier method. The related factors of prognosis within 2 years were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate COX regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#At the end of follow-up, there were 13 patients lost to follow-up. Finally, 44 patients were included in the progression group and 90 patients were included in the good prognosis group. Age in the progression group was higher than that in the good prognosis group, the proportion of patients with CR+VGPR after transplantation in the progression group was lower than that in the good prognosis group, and there was a statistical difference between two groups in the cases distribution of ISS stage (all P<0.05). PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression level and the proportion of patients with LDH>250U/L in the progression group were higher than those in the good prognosis group, and platelet count in the progression group was lower than that in the good prognosis group (all P<0.05). Compared with the low PAFAH1B3 expression group, the 2-year PFSR of the high PAFAH1B3 expression group was significantly lower (log-rank χ2=8.167, P=0.004). LDH>250U/L (HR=3.389, P=0.010), PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression (HR=50.561, P=0.001) and ISS stage Ⅲ(HR=1.000, P=0.003) were independent risk factors for prognosis in MM patients, and ISS stage Ⅰ (HR=0.133, P=0.001) was independent protective factor.@*CONCLUSION@#The expression level of PAFAH1B3 mRNA in bone marrow CD138+ cells is related to the prognosis of MM patients treated with AHSCT, and detecting PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression can bring some information for predicting PFSR and prognostic stratification of patients.

Detection of Double-Compressed Videos Using Descriptors of Video Encoders.

In digital forensics, video becomes important evidence in an accident or a crime. However, video editing programs are easily available in the market, and even non-experts can delete or modify a section of an evidence video that contains adverse evidence. The tampered video is compressed again and stored. Therefore, detecting a double-compressed video is one of the important methods in the field of digital video tampering detection. In this paper, we present a new approach to detecting a double-compressed video using the proposed descriptors of video encoders. The implementation of real-time video encoders is so complex that manufacturers should develop hardware video encoders considering a trade-off between complexity and performance. According to our observation, hardware video encoders practically do not use all possible encoding modes defined in the video coding standard but only a subset of the encoding modes. The proposed method defines this subset of encoding modes as the descriptor of the video encoder. If a video is double-compressed, the descriptor of the double-compressed video is changed to the descriptor of the video encoder used for double-compression. Therefore, the proposed method detects the double-compressed video by checking whether the descriptor of the test video is changed or not. In our experiments, we show descriptors of various H.264 and High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) video encoders and demonstrate that our proposed method successfully detects double-compressed videos in most cases.

Development of Models to Estimate Total Soil Carbon across Different Croplands at a Regional Scale Using RGB Photography.

A quick, accurate and cost-effective method for estimating total soil carbon is necessary for monitoring its levels due to its environmentally and agronomically irreplaceable importance. There are several impediments to both laboratory analysis and spectroscopic sensor technology because the former is both expensive and time-consuming whereas the initial cost of the latter is too high for farmers to afford. RGB photography obtained from digital cameras could be used to quickly and cheaply estimate the total carbon (TC) content of the soil. In this study, we developed models to predict soil TC contents across different cropland types including paddy, upland and orchard fields as well as the TC content of the soil combined from all the aforementioned cropland types on a regional scale. Soil colour measurements were made on samples from the Chungcheongnam-do province of South Korea. The soil TC content ranged from 0.045% to 6.297%. Modelling was performed using multiple linear regression considering the soil moisture levels and illuminance. The best soil TC prediction model came from the upland soil and gave training and validation r2 values of 0.536 and 0.591 with RMSE values of 0.712% and 0.441%, respectively. However, the most accurate equation is the one that produces the lowest RMSE value. Hence, although the model for the upland soil was the most stable of all, the paddy soil model which gave training and validation r2 values of 0.531 and 0.554 with RMSE values of 0.240% and 0.199%, respectively, was selected as the best soil TC prediction equation of all due to its comparatively high r2 value and the lowest RMSE of all equations.

Low Memory Access Video Stabilization for Low-Cost Camera SoC.

Video stabilization is one of the most important features in consumer cameras. Even simple video stabilization algorithms may need to access the frames several times to generate a stabilized output image, which places a significant burden on the camera hardware. This high-memory-access requirement makes it difficult to implement video stabilization in real time on low-cost camera SoC. Reduction of the memory usage is a critical issue in camera hardware. This paper presents a structure and layout method to efficiently implement video stabilization for low-end hardware devices in terms of shared memory access amount. The proposed method places sub-components of video stabilization in a parasitic form in other processing blocks, and the sub-components reuse data read from other processing blocks without directly accessing data in the shared memory. Although the proposed method is not superior to the state-of-the-art methods applied in post-processing in terms of video quality, it provides sufficient performance to lower the cost of camera hardware for the development of real-time devices. According to my analysis, the proposed one reduces the memory access amount by 21.1 times compared to the straightforward method.

Transcriptome Analysis of Schwann Cells at Various Stages of Myelination Implicates Chromatin Regulator Sin3A in Control of Myelination Identity / 神经科学通报·英文版

Enhancing remyelination after injury is of utmost importance for optimizing the recovery of nerve function. While the formation of myelin by Schwann cells (SCs) is critical for the function of the peripheral nervous system, the temporal dynamics and regulatory mechanisms that control the progress of the SC lineage through myelination require further elucidation. Here, using in vitro co-culture models, gene expression profiling of laser capture-microdissected SCs at various stages of myelination, and multilevel bioinformatic analysis, we demonstrated that SCs exhibit three distinct transcriptional characteristics during myelination: the immature, promyelinating, and myelinating states. We showed that suppressor interacting 3a (Sin3A) and 16 other transcription factors and chromatin regulators play important roles in the progress of myelination. Sin3A knockdown in the sciatic nerve or specifically in SCs reduced or delayed the myelination of regenerating axons in a rat crushed sciatic nerve model, while overexpression of Sin3A greatly promoted the remyelination of axons. Further, in vitro experiments revealed that Sin3A silencing inhibited SC migration and differentiation at the promyelination stage and promoted SC proliferation at the immature stage. In addition, SC differentiation and maturation may be regulated by the Sin3A/histone deacetylase2 (HDAC2) complex functionally cooperating with Sox10, as demonstrated by rescue assays. Together, these results complement the recent genome and proteome analyses of SCs during peripheral nerve myelin formation. The results also reveal a key role of Sin3A-dependent chromatin organization in promoting myelinogenic programs and SC differentiation to control peripheral myelination and repair. These findings may inform new treatments for enhancing remyelination and nerve regeneration.

Correlation analysis and breeding application of agronomic traits and quality indexes in Dendrobium nobile / 中国中药杂志

The present study aimed to explore the correlation between agronomic traits and quality indexes of Dendrobium nobile and its application value in agricultural breeding. The cultivated strains of D. nobile in Hejiang-Chishui producing areas were extensively collected,and the main agronomic traits and quality indexes were measured. The agronomic traits with significant correlation with quality indexes were screened out by the correlation analysis,and then the parental lines and self-bred F_1 generation plants were furtherverified. Among 96 lines of D. nobile,the content of soluble polysaccharides showed a significant negative correlation with dendrobine( P < 0. 01),and no significant correlation with agronomic traits in stems and leaves. The content of dendrobine exhibited a significant positive correlation with the stem width-thickness ratio( at the largest cross section; P < 0. 01),and no significant correlation with other agronomic traits. Regression analysis further verified the positive correlation between dendrobine content and stem width-thickness ratio( R2> 0. 9). Two lines,JC-10 and JC-35,with significant differences in stem width-thickness ratio were screened out( P <0. 05). The corresponding F1 generation plants by self-pollination both showed that the dendrobine content was higher with greater stem width-thickness ratio( P < 0. 01). The experimental results suggested that within a certain range,the dendrobine content was higher in D. nobile with flatter stem. Therefore,in the breeding of D. nobile,this specific trait could be used for screening plants with high content of quality indexes such as dendrobine.

The surgical treatment strategies for thoracolumbar spine fractures with ankylosing spondylitis: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects spine and paraspinal soft tissue. Ankylosing spondylitis is one of the causes of osteoporosis and patients with ankylosing spondylitis tend to have spinal fractures due to limited mobility and osteoporosis. In recent years, due to the increase in the number of patients with AS, patients with AS and thoracolumbar spine fractures have gradually increased. In the past 1 year, we have treated 3 cases of AS with thoracolumbar spine fractures via simple posterior internal fixation and this paper aims to report its clinic effect. CASE PRESENTATION: All the three patients selected had a history of ankylosing spondylitis for nearly 30 years, and one of them developed a thoracolumbar spine fracture after falling when he walked, and the other two developed a thoracolumbar spine fracture without any reason. They were hospitalized for "low back pain" and were diagnosed as fractures after careful physical examination and imaging examinations such as X-ray, CT, and MRI. After the preoperative preparation was completed, all the three patients underwent surgery with simple posterior internal fixation-reduction of the fracture and pedicle screw fixation via posterior approach. All the implants-pedicle screws and connecting rods-are made of titanium alloy. For postoperative management, we asked all the patients to stay in bed for 3 weeks after the operation, and then slowly move down with the help of crutches. Fracture healing and neurological function recovery were observed postoperatively. All the three patients recovered satisfactorily after surgery, and the follow-up confirmed that the fracture healed successfully after 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: The 3 patients included 2 men and 1 women. All the 3 patients recovered well after surgery, and the follow-up confirmed that the fracture healed successfully after 3 months. One man developed urination dysfunction after operation and recovered to normal 3 months after rehabilitation exercise.

Clinical Efficacy by Kidney Tonifying and Essence Strengthening Method in Regulating Pulse Wave Velocity to Delay Physiological Vascular Aging / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of kidney tonifying and essence strengthening method in delaying physiological vascular aging. Method: Sixty-two subjects who completed the study were randomly divided into experimental group (31 cases) and control group (31 cases) with the matching research method. The experimental group was treated with kidney tonifying and essence strengthening recipe orally for 24 weeks, while the control group was not interfered with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Score of TCM syndrome in kidney deficiency syndrome, pulse wave velocity, intima-media thickness, plasma homocysteine level and serum superoxide dismutase level were evaluated before and after treatment. Result: Compared with before treatment period, the score of TCM syndrome in kidney deficiency syndrome, pulse wave velocity and plasma homocystenine level decreased, while the serum superoxide dismutase level increased in the experimental group after treatment (PPPPPConclusion: The kidney tonifying and essence strengthening method may delay the aging of physiological blood vessels caused by aging.

UFLC-Q-TOF-MS fingerprints of rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis and its vinegar processed products and inhibitory effect on thrombosis / 中国中药杂志

Both raw and vinegar products of the rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis are common drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in traditional Chinese medicine,which could be reflected in the inhibition of tail thrombosis in mice. As the traditional processing theory instructs,vinegar tastes sour and bitter,but can activate blood circulation and remove stasis after being infiltrated into the rhizome of C. phaeocaulis as an excipient. In this study,under the help of the ultrafast liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry( UFLC-Q-TOF-MS),the spectrum-effect relationship between the inhibition of tail thrombosis in mice and the rhizome of C. phaeocaulis both before and after the vinegar processing,were established to explore the functional changes of blood circulation and stasis after vinegar process. Based on the peak area from the fingerprint of UFLC-Q-TOF-MS of the alcohol extracts from the raw and vinegar-processed rhizome of C. phaeocaulis and their efficacy for inhibiting tail thrombosis,the correlation between the chromatography of UFLC-Q-TOF-MS and the inhibition of tail thrombosis in mice were analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis( OPLS-DA) method. The results,produced by Simca-P software,showed that effective components consisted of eight peaks 16,24( aromadendrene oxide),3,11,22( dehydro-α-curcumene),19[( R)-(-)-α-curcumene],23 and 10 from the fingerprint,making great contribution to distinguish C. phaeocaulis raw products and the corresponding vinegar processed products. Therefore,from the perspective of inhibiting the formation of tail thrombosis in mice,the marker components could be found through the spectrum-effect relationship to distinguish C.phaeocaulis raw and vinegar products. This study provided new basis to explain the difference between the raw and the processed products of traditional Chinese medicine in the functional change of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

Application of Flipped Classroom in postgraduate molecular biology technology teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Techniques in Molecular Biology is an essential course designed for postgraduates majoring in medicine,biology and other related disciplines.We discussed here the significance of redesigning and the practical attempt,which specifically was the flip classroom model of research-based experimental course dominated by postgraduates.In this teaching model,according to the procedure of research work,postgraduates studied the experiment principle,read kit manual and selected controls before class.In the class,students in groups performed experiments and analyzed the experimental results.The teacher led students' technical operation to achieve the teaching targets and emphasized the evaluation for students' abilities of experimental design and results analysis.Online platform was maintained even after the course in order to achieve long-term academic communication.

Role and mechanism of microRNA-92b-3p in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis / 中华消化杂志

Objective To screen the critical genes related to the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC ) by weighted gene co-expression network analysis ( WGCNA ) and to verify by experiments.Methods Gene expression data of ESCC were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database based on gene chip platform ( GPL) 570, GPL571, GPL96/97 or GPL14613 platform, respectively. Meanwhile, the obtained differentially expressed genes together with gene expression data of 81 ESCC patients from the cancer genome atlas ( TCGA ) and clinical data were analyzed by WGCNA to set up co-expression networks including mRNA and microRNA ( miRNA ) . The expression of miRNA in ESCC tissues and paracancerous tissues was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) .And the expression of target protein Kruppel like factor 4 ( KLF4 ) and desmocollin 2 ( DSC2 ) were detected by immunohistochemistry .After ESCC cell line ECA-109 cells were transfected with miRNA-92b-3p mimic, cell cycle was tested by flow cytometry ,the cell invasion and migration ability was measured by Transwell chamber assay and scratch-wound assay.The expression of KLF4 and DSC2 was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blotting .The target genes were verified by luciferase assay .T-test, rank sum test, chi-square test and Pearson correlation analysis were performed for statistical analysis .Results A total of 4023 differential expression gene ( DEG) and 328 differential expression miRNA ( DEM) were screened and 11 gene modules were set up by WGCNA .Among them, the brown modules were negatively associated with tumor grade and T stage (r=-0.340 and -0.268, P=0.002 and 0.016).Meanwhile, has-miR-92b and the potential target genes KLF4 and DSC2 were all in the brown module .Furthermore, the results of RT-PCR showed the expression of miRNA-92b-3p in ESCC tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues (3.052(1.652, 5.371) vs.0.985(0.558, 2.032)), and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-4.021,P<0.01). The results of immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the positive rates of KLF 4 and DSC2 in ESCC tissues were 43.3％(13/30) and 20.0％(6/30), respectively, which were lower than those of paracancerous tissues (70.0％(21/30) and 63.3％(19/30)), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =4.344 and 1.589, both P<0.05).After ECA-109 cells were transfected with miRNA-92b-3p mimics, the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase decreased ((63.71 ±2.83)％vs.(54.62 ±4.00)％) and the percentage of cells at the S phase and G2/M phase increased ((31.81 ±2.88)％vs.(41.20％±2.87)％, and (3.87 ±1.75)％vs. (8.10 ±1.71)％, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (t =3.215, 4.000 and 2.998;P=0.032, 0.016 and 0.040).The invasion and migration ability of the cells were significantly improved (79.67 ±27.54 vs.280.33 ±46.18, (69.72 ±3.91)％ vs.(84.90 ±5.25)％), and the differences were statistically significant (t=6.465 and 4.019, P=0.003 and 0.016).The results of Western blotting indicated that, compared with control mimic group , the expression of KLF4 and DSC2 was both dramatically downregulated after transfected with miRNA-92b-3p mimics transfected (1.00 ±0.23 vs.0.42 ±0.03, 1.00 ±0.20 vs.0.55 ± 0.21), and differences were statistically significant (t=4.470 and 5.493, P=0.042 and 0.032).The results of luciferase assay demonstrated that miRNA-92b-3p could directly bind KLF4 and DSC2. Conclusion WGCNA is an efficient systemic biological approach by which miRNA-92b-3p is identified as a new cancer-promoting gene .

Multiple epidural fibrin glue patches in a patient with spontaneous intracranial hypotension:A case report

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a condition caused by spontaneous leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, with postural headache as the primary symptom. Orthostatic headache caused by SIH is often not resolved by conservative management. CASE: We performed 15 epidural blood patch treatments in a 43-year-old female patient; however, they were only transiently effective. To improve the patient's SIH and orthostatic headache, epidural fibrin glue patch treatment was attempted. Fibrin glue is a substance that can act as a bio-friendly adhesive by facilitating the coagulation cascade. In our case, 3 epidural fibrin glue patch treatments were performed and the symptoms completely resolved. CONCLUSIONS: The epidural fibrin glue patch may be beneficial for the treatment of refractory postural headaches caused by SIH.

Comparative study on genotype distribution of HPV infection in the tissues of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma / 医学研究生学报

Objective There are few large sample data reports of comparative study on genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the tissues of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma in China. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of genotype distribution of HPV infection in the tissues of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma in regional (mainly in Jiangsu Province) patients.Methods We collected 1044 paraffin tissue specimens of female cervical squamous cell carcinoma (826 cases) and cervical adenocarcinoma (218 cases) in 29 hospitals from November 1978 to December 2017. HPV DNA was extracted from the tissues and through the combination of gene-chip and polymerase chain reaction technology, 23 genotypes of HPV were detected in all the tissues of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma, and comparative study was conducted on the genotype distribution of HPV infection.Results Among 1044 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma, 901 were found with HPV and the detection rate was 86.30%. The detection rate of cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 91.53% (756/826), among which 16，18，58，33，52，31 types were the most common and the detection rate of 16 type was significantly higher than that of 18 types (56.84% vs 9.93%, P0.05).Conclusion The HPV detection rates are different in the regional female cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma tissues. 16,18,31,33,52 and 58 types are the most common genotypes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma. The detection rate of 16 type is overly higher than that of 18 type in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, while the detection rates of 16 type and 18 type in cervical adenocarcinoma are very close.