Natural radioactive level in raw coal of coal mines in some regions of China / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To understand the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides 40K, 226Ra, 232Th, and 238U in raw coal of coal mines in some regions of China, and to explore the correlation between ore with different activity concentrations and the concentration of radon and its progeny in the workplace. Methods Raw coal samples were collected in twelve coal mines in five provinces, and the activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, 232Th, and 238U were measured by a high-purity germanium γ-ray spectrometric system. Results The activity concentrations of four natural radionuclides in the raw coal samples of twelve coal mines were all lower than 1000 Bq/kg, and the activity concentration of 238U in one coal mine was close to 100 Bq/kg. The content of 40K, 226Ra, 232Th, and 238U in different coal mines varied greatly, but 226Ra, 232Th, and 238U were basically at the same level in the same coal mine. Conclusion None of the 12 coal mines belong to radio active mines. One of the coal mines investigated has the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 238U close to the standard limit for restricted-use management mines. It is suggested to study the correlation between the content of 226Ra in raw ore, intermediate products, tailings(slag), or other residues and the concentration of radon and its progeny in mines. Monitoring and protection of radon and its progeny in the decay chain should be strengthened for coal mines with high activity concentrations of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 238U.

Acid Exposure Time > 6% Might Not Improve the Therapeutic Outcome in Chinese Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Patients

Background/Aims@#There is less acid burden in Chinese gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients. However, the Lyon consensus proposed a higher threshold of acid exposure time (AET > 6%) for GERD. The aims are to apply the updated criteria in Chinese GERD patients and clarify its influence on clinical outcome. @*Methods@#Patients who were referred for both esophageal high-resolution manometry and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring due to reflux symptoms were retrospectively screened. Those patients with AET > 4% was included and grouped into either AET 4-6% or AET > 6%. Their manometric profile, reflux profile, and response to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were evaluated. Adjunctive evidence proposed in the Lyon consensus was added in patients with AET 4-6% for therapeutic gain. Another group of patients (n = 144) with AET 6% (74.9%). GERD patients with AET > 4% were with more male, older patients, and higher body mass index compared with non-GERD patients. Meanwhile, GERD patients were less competent in esophagogastric junction pressure. However, the manometric and reflux profile were similar between patients with AET > 6% and 4-6%. The response rate of PPI therapy was 64.6% and 63.2%, respectively, in groups of AET > 6% and 4-6% (P > 0.05). When adjunctive evidence was added in patients with AET 4-6%, no therapeutic gain was obtained. @*Conclusions@#The efficacy of PPI therapy was similar in patients with AET > 6% and 4-6%. The increase of the AET threshold did not influence the clinical outcome of Chinese GERD patients.

Shielding calculation and discussion on high energy light source storage ring and synchrotron / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To verify and discuss the consistency and applicability of the semi empirical formula and Monte Carlo simulation method in the radiation shielding calculation for high energy synchrotron radiation source.Methods:The semi empirical formula and Monte Carlo simulation were used to calculate the ambient dose equivalent outside of the shielding.Results:The ratio of Jenkins semi empirical formula result to Monte Carlo simulation result was 111%-153%. The ratio of Sakano semi empirical formula result to Monte Carlo simulation result was 201%.Conclusions:For a single shielding material, the semi empirical formula can be simple and conservative to complete the shielding calculation for high-energy electron accelerator. For a variety of shielding materials, Monte Carlo simulation method should be used.

Quality control of gross α and gross β analysis in water / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To improve the precision and accuracy of gross radioactivity detection in water, and to improve the radiological health and environmental monitoring level of each laboratory, it is necessary to carry out method verification and quality control.Methods:The thick source method for gross α and the thin source method for gross β analysis were used to analyze the actual samples. After multiple tests, the precision of the detection was calculated. Through the spike recovery test and the comparison sample analysis of the national radiological health in 2019, the accuracy analysis of the method was performed.Results:In the precision experiment, the relative standard deviations of the gross α and gross β results were 23% and 13%, respectively. The three spike recoveries were 103.1%, 103.5%, and 105.8%, respectively. The relative errors of gross α and gross β compared with the reference value were 0.92% and 9.4%, respectively. All the result reflected the high accuracy of the method .Conclusions:The relative standard deviations, recoveries, and relative errors in the method validation and quality control were below the limits of the criterion. This work systematically discussed the major factors that may cause errors in the detection, which could further improve the level of radiological health and environmental monitoring.

A Pilot Study of Protein Microarray for Simultaneous Analysis of 274 Cytokines Between Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Normal Aorta.

Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We evaluated the cytokine expression profile of large AAA walls using a 274-cytokine protein array. We hypothesized that AAAs are characterized by an inflammatory, chemotactic cytokine profile. We investigated the cytokine expression profile of 12 patients with AAA and 6 nonaneurysmal controls using an antibody-based protein array. The array generated antibodies against homogenized human aortic tissues to validate the cytokines differentially expressed in AAAs and normal aortas. Data were quantified using fluorescent signal intensities and statistically analyzed by the t test. Fifty-nine cytokines were differentially expressed between the AAA and control samples. Of the 35 selected cytokines that had relative expression >1000, 29 were significantly higher and 6 were lower in AAA samples than in controls. They respectively belonged to CC chemokines, CXC chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, proteolytic proteins and inhibitors, and cell adhesion cytokines. Our results show that distinct cytokines are involved in AAAs and suggest that the pathways involving these cytokines may be associated with the pathogenesis and development of AAAs. These findings, if confirmed by larger studies, may suggest treatment targets.

Study on Improvement Effects of Z-guggulsterone Combined with Acetyl- 11-keto-β-boswellic Acid on Cerebral Ischemia- reperfusion Injury Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the improvement effects of Z-guggulsterone （Z-GL） combined with acetyl-11-keto-β- boswellic acid （AKBA） on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model rats. METHODS： Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， Z-GL+AKBA low-dose and high-dose groups （25， 50 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for sham operation group， middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion injury model was induced by suture method in other groups. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically after reperfusion； sham operation group and model groups were given constant volume of DMSO intragastrically， every 12 h， for consecutive 7 d. The neurological deficits were evaluated with modified Longa score； HE staining was performed to observe the pathological changes of cerebral tissue in rats； the area of cerebral infarction was measured by TTC， and the percentage of cerebral infarction area； TUNEL staining was performed to detect apoptotic neurons. The expression of CD34， VEGF and DLL4 were detected by immunofluoresence and immunoblotting assay， respectively. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， the number of cortical cells in the model group decreased and arranged irregularly， with obvious infarct area and obvious decrease of neovascularization； the neurological deficit score， the percentage of cerebral infarction area and TUNEL positive cells increased significantly， while the expression of CD34， VEGF and DLL4 decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， the above symptoms of the rats in each administration group were significantly improved， the neurological deficit score， the percentage of cerebral infarction area and the number of TUNEL positive cells were significantly reduced； the expression levels of CD34， VEGF and DLL4 were significantly increased； the neurological deficit score， the percentage of cerebral infarction area and the number of TUNEL positive cells in Z-GL+AKBA high-dose group were significantly lower or less than low dose group； the expression of CD34 and DLL4 in high-dose group was significantly higher than low-dose group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Z-GL combined with AKBA can relieve neurological deficit and cerebral injury of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model rats， which may be related to promoting angiogenesis and up-regulating the expression of VEGF and DLL4 protein， with a certain dose-dependent effect.

Clinical significance of serum Pygo2 expression in children with NAFLD / 医学研究生学报

[Abstract ] Objective The role of serum Pygo2 expression in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in the disease process and whether it can be used to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis still remain unknown .The article aimed to detect Pygo 2 expression in the peripheral blood of children with NAFLD and ana-lyze its relationship with traditional serum hepatic fibrosis index in or-der to evaluate the clinical significance of Pygo 2 measurement in chil-dren with NAFLD . Methods We enrolled 120 cases of childhood obesity and 18 healthy controls in Anhui Provincial Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from September 2014 to February 2016.The cases of childhood obesity were di-vided into simple obesity group ( n=44, no diffuse fatty liver under liver ultrasound detection ) , NAFL group ( n=35, diffuse fatty liver with normal liver function under liver ultrasound detection ) and NASH group ( n=41, diffuse fatty liver with abnormal liver function under liver ultrasound detection ) .The peripheral serum was collected from all patients and healthy controls .ELISA was used to detect serum Pygo2 expression and radioimmunoassay was used to detect the serum hyaluronia acid (HA), procollagen type Ⅲ(PCⅢ), pro-collagen type Ⅳ(CⅣ) and laminin(LN) levels.Finally the serum ALT and γ-GT levels were measured with totally automatic enzymat-ic method. Results Pygo2 expression in NAFL group [52.1(12.3)μg/L] and NASH group[78.3(50.0)μg/L] increased signifi-cantly compared with simple obesity group [43.2(18.7)μg/L](P<0.05).Pygo2 expression in NASH group increased significantly compared with control group [41.7(16.8)μg/L] and NAFL group (P<0.001).The serum hepatic fribrosis and inflammation markers ( HA, PC, ALT, C III and IV gamma-GT) levels gradually increased in the obese children .There were statistically positive correla-tions between serum Pygo2 and HA, PCⅢ, CⅣ, ALT or γ-GT (P<0.001).In particular, more significant positive correlations were found between serum Pygo2 and HA, CⅣor γ-GT (r=0.708, P<0.001;r=0.589, P<0.001;r=0.674, P<0.05). Conclusion The degree of liver fibrosis worsens with the increase of Pygo 2 expression and Pygo 2 is in remarkable correlation with conventional he-patic fibrosis serum makers ( HA, C IV) orγ-GT, which shows Pygo 2 expression can be taken as the clinical evaluation index of liver fibrosis in children with NAFLD .

The existent main problems and countermeasures on the training of medical response to nuclear and radiological emergency in China / 中国医学装备

Objective: To improve the training system of medical response to nuclear and radiological emergency, and strengthen the capability construction of medical response staff. Methods: By drawing lessons from the training management experiences on medical response of nuclear and radiological emergency of the developed countries and combining with the situation and status quo of China, to discuss how to improve the training system construction on medical response of nuclear and radiological emergency under the guidance of relevant polices. Results:Through researching, a series of countermeasures, such as standard organization system, improving contents and methods of training, strengthening the construction of teacher team, carrying out the evaluation for training effect and intensifying the medical response awareness for the whole people, were adopted based on the existent main problems on medical response training of nuclear and radiological emergency in China. Conclusion: The medical response training of nuclear and radiological emergency is a long term work involved with strong specialty and wide knowledge range. This work need constant innovation so as to strengthen the training system construction of medical response, and train high competent talents on medical response of nuclear and radiological emergency, and then to establish a omnibearing, multilateral, scientific, systematic and long-acting training mode.

Study on the Effect of Safflower Injection on the Regulation of Genes related to Qi-deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome in Rats / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:To establish two differential gene expression profiles of qi-deficiency and blood stasis syndrome before or after safflower injection treatment by using gene chip technology;compared and analyzed to ensure the effective genes that are responsible for the therapeutic effects of safflower injection against qi-deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in rats.Furthermore,speculated the effect mechanism of the therapeutic genes.Methods:Fifteen SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=5):control group,model group,and medication group.Qi-deficiency and blood stasis model was established by subjecting the rats to hunger and fatigue for two weeks.After a week of the modeling,safflower injection (100 mg/kg/d) was administered daily via the tail vein for 7 days in medication group,and the rats in model group were injected with saline of the same volume.Control group received normal feeding.At the end of the experiment,rats were killed and whole blood was collected to evaluate the blood stream change and extract mRNAs in blood samples.Qualified mRNAs were reverse transcribed into cDNA which was then used in gene chip hybridization.The genes regulated by safflower injection were determined by the fluorescence signal and the functional mechanisms of safflower injection were confirmed by further querying genealogy databases and reviewing literatures.Results:After two weeks of the modeling,the whole blood viscosity under various shear rates was significantly increased in the model rats which showed faint,blood stasis and weight loss,indicating that the model is made successfully.The increased whole blood viscosity and qi-deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were obviously reversed by safflower injection treatment.Compared with the control group,252 genes up-regulated while 54 genes down-regulated in model group;compared with the model group,196 genes up-regulated while 32 genes down-regulated.Among these,16 differentially expressed genes were involved in inflammation and immune response.Conclusions:Safflower injection was effective in treating qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,which was achieved by regulating inflammation related genes.

Identification of AMPK activator from twelve pure compounds isolated from Aralia Taibaiensis: implication in antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities

The root bark extract of Aralia taibaiensis is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in China. The total saponin extracted from Aralia Taibaiensis (sAT) has effective combined antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. However, the active compounds have not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, we examined effects of twelve triterpenoid saponins on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and found that compound 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (AT12) significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). AT12 effectively decreased blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanism by which AT12 activated AMPK was subsequently investigated. Intracellular ATP level and oxygen consumption were significantly reduced by AT12 treatment. The findings suggested AT12 was a novel AMPK activator, and could be useful for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Esophagogastric Junction Contractility Integral Reflect the Anti-reflux Barrier Dysfunction in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Anti-reflux barrier dysfunction is one of the primary mechanisms in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) pathogenesis. The esophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ-CI) is a new metric adopted to evaluate the EGJ contractility, which implies the anti-reflux barrier function. The aim of the current study was to validate this new metric in patients with GERD and its correlation with the esophageal acid exposure, as well as the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor treatment. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with GERD and 21 healthy controls were included in the study. Upper endoscopy, high-resolution manometry (HRM) and 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring were performed in all patients. Three respiration cycles were chosen at the initial HRM resting frame and the value computed with distal contractile integral tool was then divided by the duration of the cycles to yield EGJ-CI. All the patients were treated with esomeprazole 20 mg twice-daily for 8 weeks. RESULTS: EGJ-CI was lower in the patients with GERD than that of the controls (P < 0.05). For patients with GERD, EGJ-CI was lower in those with hiatal hernia (P < 0.05). The new metric correlated with esophageal acid exposure in the supine position (P < 0.05), and it also negatively correlated to the total reflux episodes (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference on EGJ-CI between patients with and without response to the esomeprazole treatment (P = 0.627). CONCLUSIONS: EGJ-CI reflected the dysfunction of the anti-reflux barrier in patients with GERD, but it had little impact on the esomeprazole response.

Simultaneous Determination of Phenobarbital,Ibuprofen and Nikethamide in the Biomaterial with GC-MS / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective The study aimed to establish a kind of simple,rapid,accurate and reliable method in order to simultaneous determine the phenobarbital,ibuprofen and nikethamide in the biomaterial. Methods The biomaterial were pre-treated with ethanol(v/v 95%)at pH 3~4 and then was extracted with ethyl acetate at pH 3~4 and 10~11,respectively. Finally,phenobarbital,ibuprofen and nikethamide in the biomaterial were simultaneous detected by GC-MS. The retention times and relevant characteristic fragment ions of the three substances in the total ion current(TIC)and the mass spectrogram could be used as the basis of qualitative analysis. Results The method was simple and easy operation. It has the characteristics of low background interference,good separation effect and fast analytical speed. The retention times of phenobarbital,ibuprofen and nikethamide were 8.472 min,7.087 min and 6.655 min,respectively. The characteristic fragment ions of phenobarbital were 204 and 232(m/z),of ibuprofen were 161 and 206(m/z),and of nikethamide were 106 and 177(m/z). Conclusion The method showed a satisfactory result that it could be applied to simultaneous determine phenobarbital,ibuprofen and nikethamide of the biomaterial for forensic toxicological analysis.

Study on Improvement Effect of Z-Guggulsterone on Coagulation and Vascular Endothelial Functions of Acute Blood-stasis Model Rats and Its Mechanism / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effect of Z-Guggulsterone(Z-GL)on blood coagulation and vascular endo-thelial functions of acute blood-stasis model rats and its mechanism. METHODS:40 rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,positive group(Aspirin tablet,50 mg/kg)and Z-GL low-dose and high-dose groups(25,50 mg/kg),with 8 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically every 12 h,and normal group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically for consecutive 7 times. After the fifth administration,except for normal group, those groups were given adrenalin hydrochloride subcutaneously+ice-cold water to induce acute blood-stasis model. Within 30 min after the last administration,aorta abdominalis sample were selected to detect the coagulation parameters [prothrombin time(PT), thrombin time (TT),activated partialthromboplastin time (APTT),fibrinogen (FIB)],and pathological changes of carotid artery were observed. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUEVCs) were divided into blank group (normal saline),model group (normal saline) and Z-GL low-concentration and high-concentration groups (25,50 μmol/L). After culturing for 24 h,the cells were exposed to glucose and oxygen deprivation for 6 h in model group and Z-GL groups. The expression of p-eNOS protein was detected. Other cells were selected,grouped,administrated and treated as above cells,and the NO level of these cells were detect-ed. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,PT,TT and APTT were all shortened in model group,while FIB content was in-creased (P<0.01);vascular endothelium was injured,and endothelial cells fell off from the wall. Compared with model group, PT,TT and APTT were prolonged in administration groups,while FIB content was decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);vascular en-dothelium injury was relieved. Results of p-eNOS protein and NO levels determination showed that compared with model group, p-eNOS protein and NO levels were increased in Z-GL groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Z-GL can significantly im-prove coagulation and vascular endothelium functions of blood-stasis model rats,and its mechanism may be associated with the acti-vation of eNOS and the increase of NO level.

Protective Effect of Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic Acid on Myocardial Ischemia Induced by Isoproterenol Hydrochloride in Rats / 中国药师

Objective:To study the effects and mechanisms of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid ( AKBA) in myocardial ischemic model induced by isoproterenol hydrochloride ( ISO) in rats. Methods:The SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group, model group, AKBA low dose group and AKBA high dose group. Myocardial injury model was induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO (100 mg·kg-1 ) . The change of ST segment in ECG was observed. Creatine kinase ( CK-MB) , cardiac troponin I ( cTnI) , lactate dehydro-genase( LDH) , malondialdehyde( MDA) and superoxide dismutase( SOD) in the blood were detected by ELISA. The change of histo-logical tissue was determined by HE staining, and cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL assay. Results: Serum CK-MB, cTnI and LDH were decreased significantly in AKBA high dose group when compared with those in the model group. Compared with that in the model group, MDA content was lowered and the SOD activity was increased in AKBA high dose group. Furthermore, AKBA high dose group improved the pathologic changes of myocardium. TUNEL assay revealed significant reduction of cardiomyocytes apoptosis in the hearts of the ischemic rats in AKBA high dose group. Conclusion:AKBA has excellent cardioprotective effect on myocardial ischemic induced by ISO and protection of myocardial cells from injury.

Changes of esophageal intraluminal baseline impedance in 47 reflux esophagitis / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of esophageal intraluminal baseline impedance in patients with refluxesophagitis.Methods From December 2013 to August 2014,47 patients with reflux esophagitis and 17 healthy controls were enrolled.The patients with reflux esophagitis were graded according to Los Angeles classification (LA) grading standards.All subjects accepted 24 h multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) pH examination,and the baseline value of impedance were measured.Independent sample t test was used to compare the difference in impedance between the two groups.Spearman rank correlation coefficient was performed to analyze the correlation between acid exposure time (AET) and the baseline impedance of patients with reflux esophagitis.Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the differences in baseline impedance of patients with different grades of reflux esophagitis.Results The impedance baseline value of reflux esophagitis group was (1 676.72±644.41) Ω,which was lower than that of healthy control group ((2 151.27± 322.05) Ω),and the difference was statistically significant (t =-3.883,P＜0.01).The AET of esophagus was negatively correlated with the baseline impedance of the patients with reflux esophagitis (r=-0.530,P＜0.01).The baseline impedance of patients with grade LA-A and grade LA-B reflux esophagitis were 1 823.62 Ω (1 515.38 52 Ω,2 208.38 Ω) and 1 771.81 Ω(1 304.75 52 Ω,2 080.50 Ω),respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (Z=-0.630,P=0.529).The baseline impedance of patients with grade LA C/D reflux esophagitis was 300 Ω (300 Ω,500 Ω),which was obviously lower than those of patients with grade LA-A or grade LA-B (Z=-2.647 and-2.818,both P＜0.017).Conclusion The baseline impedance of patients with reflux esophagitis is low and correlated with AET.

Effect of poly(vinyl acetate-acrylamide) microspheres properties and steric hindrance on the immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase.

Poly(vinyl acetate-acrylamide) microspheres were synthesized in the absence or presence of isooctane via suspension polymerization and utilized as carriers to immobilize Candida rugosa lipase. When the hydrophobic/hydrophilic surface characteristics of the microspheres were modified by changing the ratio of vinyl acetate (hydrophobic monomer) to acrylamide (hydrophilic monomer) from 50:50 to 86:24, the immobilization ratio changed from 45% to 92% and the activity of the immobilized lipase increased from 202.5 to 598.0 U/g microsphere. Excessive lipase loading caused intermolecular steric hindrance, which resulted in a decline in lipase activity. The maximum specific activity of the immobilized lipase (4.65 U/mg lipase) was higher than that of free lipase (3.00 U/mg lipase), indicating a high activity recovery during immobilization.

Improving immobilization of lipase onto magnetic microspheres with moderate hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity.

Magnetic microspheres with carboxyl groups were prepared by copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAC), acrylamide (AM), and acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of oleic acid-coated Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo showed that the average diameter of magnetic microspheres was about 400 nm. Also, FTIR spectra analysis indicated that monomers were successfully enfolded on the microspheres' surface. They were used as support to immobilize lipase via physical adsorption and covalent binding. To investigate the effect of the microsphere surface properties on lipase immobilization, a series of microspheres with different hydrophobic/hydrophilic surface characteristics were prepared by adjusting molar percentages of different monomers. The results showed that microspheres with different hydrophobicities/hydrophilicities had different immobilized ratios and different activity recovery. Compared with microspheres having hydrophilic characteristics, that with hydrophobic characteristics had a much higher lipase binding efficiency. However, this study further demonstrated that moderate hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of microsphere surface was very important for elevating activity recovery. When AM (hydrophilic monomer) held 14.3% of total amount of monomers, the activity recovery was the highest (reaching 87%, 418 U/g support). Possible reasons for these observations were discussed and a supposed mechanism was speculated.

Analysis of body surface radiological contamination for inbound people from Japan to China during the Fukushima nuclear accident / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate the radiological contamination of body surface for inbound people from Japan to China during Fukushima nuclear accident.Methods According to The guidance for radiological contamination management for body surface issued by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,for people evacuated from Japan,the body surface monitoring of radiological contamination was performed by the related agencies in main provinces and cities in China. The monitoring data were collected,analyzed and reported to Ministry of Health.Results A total of 432 persons were checked.The monitoring results of 429 cases were close to the background level,while those of three persons were higher than the background level.Conclusions In general,the detected results were as low as the background level.The radiological contamination monitoring of body surface for people from Japan could provide scientific data to relax the horror and panic among them.

Kinetic biosynthesis of L-ascorbyl acetate by immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (Lipozyme TLIM).

Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (Lipozyme TLIM)-catalyzed esterification of L-ascorbic acid was studied. It was suggested that Lipozyme TLIM was a suitable biocatalyst for enzymatic esterification of L-ascorbic acid. Three solvents were investigated for the reaction, and acetone was found to be a suitable reaction medium. Furthermore, it was found that water activity could notably affect the conversion. Moreover, pH memory of Lipozyme TLIM lipase for catalyzing L-ascorbic acid esterification in acetone was observed and the effect of pH on the reaction was estimated. In addition, the influences of other parameters such as substrate mole ratio, enzyme loading, and reaction temperature and reusability of lipase on esterification of L-ascorbic acid were also analyzed systematically and quantitatively. Kinetic characterization of Lipozyme TLIM showed that K(m,a) and V(max) were 80.085 mM and 0.747 mM min(-1), respectively. As a result, Lipozyme TLIM-catalyzed esterification of L: -ascorbic acid gave a maximum conversion of 99%.