[677T mutation of the MTHFR gene in adenomas and colorectal cancer in a population sample from the Northeastern Mexico. Preliminary results]. / Mutación 677T del gen MTHFR en adenomas y cáncer colorrectal en una muestra de la población del noreste de México. Resultados preliminares.

INTRODUCTION: Adequate intake of folates has been associated to low prevalence of colon cancer. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme (MTHFR) plays an important role in folate metabolism. The role of the 677 mutation at the MTHFR gene in the risk for colorectal cancer remains controversial. A recent report established that this mutation has a high prevalence in the healthy Mexican population. AIMS: To analyze the prevalence of 677T MTHFR mutation in patients with colorectal cancer and controls without chronic gastrointestinal disorders. METHODS: Seventy-four colorectal cancer, 32 adenomas and 110 normal samples were analyzed. Patients and controls were matched for sex and age. For each sample, DNA isolation, PCR, and mutation detection by restriction enzyme digestion were performed to determine the allele at the 677 position in the MTHFR gene. RESULTS: Genotype 677C/677C was found in 18.7, 20.3, and 30.9% in adenomas, cancer lesions and controls, respectively. Frequencies of the 677C/677T genotype were 59.4, 56.7, and 47.3%, in adenomas, cancer lesions, and controls, respectively. Genotype 677T/677T was found in 21.9, 23.0, and 21.8% in adenomas, cancer lesions, and controls, respectively. The odds ratio between genotypes carrying the mutation (T/T and C/T) and normal genotype (CC) was 1.81 (IC 95% 0.97-3.3), chi 2 = 3.5, p = 0.06. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that persons who carry the 677T mutation at MTHFR locus have a tendency for an increased risk for colorectal cancer. This study supports the basic concept that low levels of folic acid contribute with the colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Our lack of statistic significance may be due to reduced sample size.

[Acute gastric distension due to sepsis in a newborn infant]. / Distensión gástrica aguda por sepsis en un recién nacido.

The acute distention of stomach in the newborn is conditional by metabolic alterations like hypocalcemia or by septic states. We present the case of a newborn with antecedents of membrane rupture for 12 hours obtained by cesarean procedure, of 38 weeks by Capurro, score without perinatal asphyxia and 3320 g of birth weight, which evolutioned with respiratory distress and its first exams showed leukopenia, low platelet count and the cerebrospinal fluid showed 390 cells with polymorphonuclear predominium considering the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. At the second day he presented abdominal distention secondary to gastric camera dilatation, were made a laparotomy to descart congenital obstruction and only found gastric distention. In all newborn with acute gastric distention its important for first instance descart congenital intestinal obstruction and is on sidered this entity by exclusion. We recommend in this patients sepsis worshop. The treatment is drainage by orogastric tube and antibiotics. The prognosis is good once upon treating the basic problem.

[Diaphragmatic hernia, secondary to a phrenic nerve lesion, in a newborn infant]. / Eventración diafragmática en un neonato secundaria a lesión del nervio frénico.

The diaphragmatic eventration will be congenital or acquired; the damage to the phrenic nerve its for elongenest, cruch, gun ball or iatrogenic; this last one could be during cardiac surgery, birth trauma, venodissection and colocation of one thorax drill. We presented the case of one premature newborn of 32 weeks with 1374g of weight, with respiratory distress syndrome which evolutioned to bilateral pneumothorax and posteriorly left diaphragmatic eventration secondary to a phrenic nerve damage by the thorax drill which one reach to mediastinum. The diagnosis of these entity will suspect by abnormal elevation of the affected hemidiaphragm and confirmed by fluoroscopy. The treatment its a early diaphragmatic pleat.

[A giant follicular cyst of the ovary in a newborn infant]. / Quiste folicular gigante de ovario en una recién nacida.

The tumoral lesions proceeding of ovary in the newborns are the 3-6% of all abdominal tumors. The most frequent tumor is ovarian follicular cyst which will be diagnosed prenatally. As a result of ovarian stimulation by fetal gonadotrophins, maternal estrogen and placenta + gonadotrophins. Maternal antecedents reported diabetes, toxemia and isoimmunization. The most frequent complication is torsion. We present the case of one female newborn, with abdominal mass present by abdominal palpation referred of the first gestation of mother with 27 years of age, with primary sterility of 11 years without treatment, with toxemia during the pregnancy. The abdominal x-film show a intraperitoneal mass the ultrasound show cystic and solid mass, without determined origin, and the scan magnetic resonance (MR) a tumoral mass with origin in the pelvic hole with extension to the infrahepatic zone. The surgical finding was left ovarian cyst with left oophorectomy and salpingectomy.

[Mediastinal lipoblastoma in a 14-year-old patient]. / Lipoblastoma de mediastino en un paciente de 14 años de edad.

This is a case report on a 14 year child with a benign mediastinum lipoblastoma examined at the University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", in Monterrey, Nuevo León. This is an infrequent pathology and little has been published especially dealing with patients at this age and the site where it was found. This is a benign tumor which requires complete resection. The patient was submitted to an anterolateral bilateral thoracotomy which allowed for the complete resection of the tumor. It weighed 3.1 kilograms and measured 26 x 21 cm. The patient evolved satisfactorily.

[Intestinal perforation in juvenile abdominal typhoid]. / Darmperforàtion beim Typhus abdominalis des Kindes.

Eight of 19 children with typhus abdominalis who were between 4 and 12 years of age, showed perforation of the intestine. The terminal ileum was always the site of the perforation. Besides the clearly visualized air, meteorism of the small intestine was always seen. In individual cases, segments of the small intestine were seen in close proximity to each other, or an ileus developed. The x-ray film in typhus abdominalis in childhood shows the same signs as an adult x-ray. A characteristic feature of the perforation is its localization in the terminal ileum and the time at which it occurs, namely, between the end of the 2nd and the end of the 4th week of the diseased condition.