The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Yanglong yak (Bos grunniens).

In this study, we assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of Yanglong yak (Bos grunniens) from Illumina sequencing reads. The mitochondrial genome is 16,323 bp long with an A + T-biased nucleotide composition, and encodes 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and two rRNA genes along with a noncoding control region. In addition, its gene order is identical to those of the previously published mitochondrial genomes of its congeners. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this breed is closely related to Datong yak, Pamir yak, Tianjun yak, polled yak, Seron yak, Sunnan yak, a series of Domestic Yak and wild yak, followed by Jinchuan yak and Gannan yak, and slightly far away from Bison and Bos taurus.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Dayu yak (Bos grunniens).

Dayu yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-furred yak breed from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and is highly adapted to local high-altitude and cold environments. In this study, its mitochondrial genome was characterized via high-throughput sequencing technology. The genome is 16,323 bp long with an AT-biased base composition (61.0% A + T; light strand), and harbors the typical set of 37 mitochondrial genes and a noncoding control region. Its gene arrangement is identical to those of other bovid taxa. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that Dayu yak is most closely related to Maiwa, Niangya, Qinghai Plateau, Xueduo and Yushu yaks.

Characterization of the mitochondrial genome of the Qilian yak (Bos grunniens) with a phylogenetic analysis of the family Bovidae (Artiodactyla).

Qilian yak (Bos grunniens) is a local breed of yak with high adaptation to the high-elevation, cold, and anoxic environments. In this study, its complete mitochondrial genome was assembled from high-throughput sequencing reads. The mitogenome is 16,324 bp long with an A + T-biased nucleotide composition and has the typical set of 37 animal mitochondrial genes and the noncoding control region. Phylogenetic analysis supported the monophyly of the subfamilies Aepycerotinae, Alcelaphinae, Bovinae, Caprinae, and Cephalophinae, confirmed the polyphyly of the family Antilopinae within the family Bovidae, and indicated the close relatedness between domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) and wild yaks (Bos mutus).