Two-phase simulation of entropy optimized mixed convection flow of two different shear-thinning nanomaterials in thermal and mass diffusion systems with Lorentz forces.

This research compares the momentum, thermal energy, mass diffusion and entropy generation of two shear thinning nanofluids in an angled micro-channel with mixed convection, nonlinear thermal radiation, temperature jump boundary condition and variable thermal conductivity effects. The [Formula: see text] approach was used to solve the Buongiorno nonlinear governing model. The effect of different parameters on the flow, energy, concentration, and entropy generating fields have been graphically illustrated and explained. The hyperbolic tangent nanoliquid has a better velocity than the Williamson nanofluid. The Williamson nanofluid has higher thermal energy and concentration than the hyperbolic tangent nanoliquid in the microchannel. The Grashof number, both thermal and solutal, increases the fluid flow rate throughout the flow system. The energy of the nanoliquid is reduced by the temperature jump condition, while the energy field of the nanoliquid is enhanced by the improving thermal conductivity value. The nanoliquids concentration rises as the Schmitt number rises. The irreversibility rate of the channel system is maximized by the variable thermal conductivity parameter.

Numerical analysis of magnetohydrodynamics in an Eyring-Powell hybrid nanofluid flow on wall jet heat and mass transfer.

The customization of hybrid nanofluids to achieve a particular and controlled growth rate of thermal transport is done to meet the needs of applications in heating and cooling systems, aerospace and automotive industries, etc. Due to the extensive applications, the aim of the current paper is to derive a numerical solution to a wall jet flow problem through a stretching surface. To study the flow problem, authors have considered a non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell hybrid nanofluid with water and CoFe2O4and TiO2nanoparticles. Furthermore, the impact of a magnetic field and irregular heat sink/source are studied. To comply with the applications of the wall jet flow, the authors have presented the numerical solution for two cases; with and without a magnetic field. The numerical solution is derived with a similarity transformation and MATLAB-based bvp4c solver. The value of skin friction for wall jet flow at the surface decreases by more than 50% when the magnetic fieldMA=0.2is present. The stream function value is higher for the wall jet flow without the magnetic field. The temperature of the flow rises with the dominant strength of the heat source parameters. The results of this investigation will be beneficial to various applications that utilize the applications of a wall jet, such as in car defrosters, spray paint drying for vehicles or houses, cooling structures for the CPU of high-processor laptops, sluice gate flows, and cooling jets over turbo-machinery components, etc.

Heat transfer analysis of buoyancy opposing radiated flow of alumina nanoparticles scattered in water-based fluid past a vertical cylinder.

Cooling and heating are two critical processes in the transportation and manufacturing industries. Fluid solutions containing metal nanoparticles have higher thermal conductivity than conventional fluids, allowing for more effective cooling. Thus, the current paper is a comparative exploration of the time-independent buoyancy opposing and heat transfer flow of alumina nanoparticles scattered in water as a regular fluid induced via a vertical cylinder with mutual effect of stagnation-point and radiation. Based on some reasonable assumptions, the model of nonlinear equations is developed and then tackled numerically employing the built-in bvp4c MATLAB solver. The impacts of assorted control parameters on gradients are investigated. The outcomes divulge that the aspect of friction factor and heat transport upsurge by incorporating alumina nanoparticles. The involvement of the radiation parameter shows an increasing tendency in the heat transfer rate, resulting in an enhancement in thermal flow efficacy. In addition, the temperature distribution uplifts due to radiation and curvature parameters. It is discerned that the branch of dual outcomes exists in the opposing flow case. Moreover, for higher values of the nanoparticle volume fraction, the reduced shear stress and the reduced heat transfer rate increased respectively by almost 1.30% and 0.0031% for the solution of the first branch, while nearly 1.24%, and 3.13% for the lower branch solution.

Numerical optimization and performance evaluation of ZnPC:PC70BM based dye-sensitized solar cell.

The increase in global energy consumption and the related ecological problems have generated a constant demand for alternative energy sources superior to traditional ones. This is why unlimited photon-energy harnessing is important. A notable focus to address this concern is on advancing and producing cost-effective low-loss solar cells. For efficient light energy capture and conversion, we fabricated a ZnPC:PC70BM-based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and estimated its performance using a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). We evaluated the output parameters of the ZnPC:PC70BM-based DSSC with different photoactive layer thicknesses, series and shunt resistances, and back-metal work function. Our analyses show that moderate thickness, minimum series resistance, high shunt resistance, and high metal-work function are favorable for better device performance due to low recombination losses, electrical losses, and better transport of charge carriers. In addition, in-depth research for clarifying the impact of factors, such as thickness variation, defect density, and doping density of charge transport layers, has been conducted. The best efficiency value found was 10.30% after tweaking the parameters. It also provides a realistic strategy for efficiently utilizing DSSC cells by altering features that are highly dependent on DSSC performance and output.

Irreversibility analysis of radiative flow of Prandtl nanofluid over a stretched surface in Darcy-Forchheimer medium with activation energy and chemical reaction.

This communication elaborates the irreversibility analysis of the flow of Prandtl nanofluid along with thermal radiation past a permeable stretched surface embedded in a Darcy-Forchheimer medium. The activation and chemical impressions along with effects of thermophoretic and Brownian motion are as well examined. The flow symmetry of the problem is modeled mathematically and leading equations are rehabilitated into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the assistance of suitable similarity variables. The Keller-box technique in MATLAB is employed to draw the impacts of the contributing elements on the velocity field, temperature distribution, and concentration. The impact of the Prandtl fluid parameter has mounting performance for the velocity whereas conflicting behavior is examined in the temperature profile. The achieved numerical results are matched correspondingly with the present symmetrical solutions in restrictive cases and fantastic agreement is scrutinized. In addition, the entropy generation uplifts for the growing values of the Prandtl fluid parameter, thermal radiation, and Brinkman number and decreases for growing numbers of the inertia coefficient parameter. It is also discovered that the coefficient of friction decreases for all parameters involved in the momentum equation. Features of nanofluids can be found in a variety of real-world fields, including microfluidics, industry, transportation, the military, and medicine.

Time-Dependent Flow of Water-Based CoFe2O4-Mn-ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles over a Shrinking Sheet with Mass Transfer Effect in Porous Media.

The use of hybrid nanoparticles to increase heat transfer is a favorable area of research, and therefore, numerous scientists, researchers, and scholars have expressed their appreciation for and interest in this field. Determining the dynamic role of nanofluids in the cooling of microscopic electronic gadgets, such as microchips and related devices, is also one of the fundamental tasks. With such interesting and useful applications of hybrid nanofluids in mind, the main objective is to deal with the analysis of the unsteady flow towards a shrinking sheet in a water-based hybrid ferrite nanoparticle in porous media, with heat sink/source effects. Moreover, the impact of these parameters on heat and mass transfers is also reported. Numerical results are obtained using MATLAB software. Non-unique solutions are determined for a certain shrinking strength, in addition to the unsteadiness parameter. The mass transfer and friction factor increase for the first solution due to the hybrid nanoparticles, but the heat transfer rate shows the opposite effect.

Analytical Approach for a Heat Transfer Process through Nanofluid over an Irregular Porous Radially Moving Sheet by Employing KKL Correlation with Magnetic and Radiation Effects: Applications to Thermal System.

The aluminum nanoparticle is adequate for power grid wiring, such as the distribution of local power and the transmission of aerial power lines, because of its higher conductivity. This nanoparticle is also one of the most commonly used materials in applications in the electrical field. Thus, in this study, a radiative axisymmetric flow of Casson fluid, induced by water-based Al2O3 nanofluid by using the Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li (KKL) correlation, is investigated. The impact of the magnetic field is also taken into account. KKL correlation is utilized to compute the thermal conductivity and effective viscosity. Analytical double solutions are presented for the considered axisymmetric flow model after implementing the similarity technique to transmute the leading equations into ordinary differential equations. The obtained analytic forms were used to examine and discuss the velocity profile, the temperature distribution, reduced heat transfer, and coefficient of reduced skin friction. The analytic solutions indicate that the velocity profile decreases in the branch of the first solution and uplifts in the branch of the second solution due to the presence of an aluminum particle, whereas the dimensionless temperature enhances in both solutions. In addition, the Casson parameter increases the friction factor, as well as the heat transport rate.

The Baffle Length Effects on the Natural Convection in Nanofluid-Filled Square Enclosure with Sinusoidal Temperature.

The proper process of applying heat to many technological devices is a significant challenge. There are many nanofluids of different sizes used inside the system. The current study combines this potential to improve convection effects, considering numerical simulations of natural convection using Cu/water nanofluids in a square enclosure with bottom blocks embedded in baffles. The enclosure consists of two vertical walls with isothermal boundary conditions; the left wall is the sinusoidal heat source, whereas the right wall is cooled. The investigations dealt with the influences of nanoparticle concentration, Rayleigh number, baffle length, and thermal conductivity ratioon isotherms, stream functions, and average Nusselt number. The results present that, when the Rayleigh number rises, the fluid flow velocity increases, and the heat transfer improves. Furthermore, the baffle length case (Lb = 0.3) provides higher heat transfer characteristics than other baffle height cases.

Nanoparticle Aggregation and Thermophoretic Particle Deposition Process in the Flow of Micropolar Nanofluid over a Stretching Sheet.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the consequence of thermophoretic particle deposition (TPD) on the movement of a TiO2/water-based micropolar nanoliquid surface in the existence of a porous medium, a heat source/sink, and bioconvection. Movement, temperature, and mass transfer measurements are also performed in the attendance and nonappearance of nanoparticle aggregation. The nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity factors, and numerical research is carried out using the Runge-Kutta-Felhberg 4th/5th order and shooting technique. The obtained results show that improved values of the porous constraint will decline the velocity profile. Improvement in heat source/sink parameter directly affects the temperature profile. Thermophoretic parameter, bioconvection Peclet number, and Lewis number decrease the concentration and bioconvection profiles. Increases in the heat source/sink constraint and solid volume fraction will advance the rate of thermal dispersion. Nanoparticle with aggregation exhibits less impact in case of velocity profile, but shows a greater impact on temperature, concentration, and bioconvection profiles.

Aspects of Uniform Horizontal Magnetic Field and Nanoparticle Aggregation in the Flow of Nanofluid with Melting Heat Transfer.

The current exploration focuses on the impact of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions on titanium dioxide-ethylene glycol (EG)-based nanoliquid flow over a rotating disk with thermal radiation. In this paper, a horizontal uniform magnetic field is used to regularise the flow field produced by a rotating disk. Further, we conduct a comparative study on fluid flow with and without aggregation. Suitable transformations are used to convert the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Later, the attained system is solved numerically by means of the shooting method in conjunction with the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth-fifth-order method (RKF-45). The outcome reveals that the fluid flow without nanoparticle aggregation shows enhanced heat transport than for augmented values of melting parameter. Furthermore, for augmented values of strength of homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction parameters, the mass transfer is greater in fluid flow with aggregation conditions.

Agrawal Axisymmetric Rotational Stagnation-Point Flow of a Water-Based Molybdenum Disulfide-Graphene Oxide Hybrid Nanofluid and Heat Transfer Impinging on a Radially Permeable Moving Rotating Disk.

The hybrid nanofluid has sparked new significance in the industrial and engineering sectors because of their applications like water heating in solar and analysis of heat exchanger surfaces. As a result, the current study emphasizes the analysis of heat transfer and Agrawal axisymmetric flow towards a rotational stagnation point incorporated via hybrid nanofluids imposing on a radially permeable shrinking/stretching rotating disk. The leading partial differential equations are refined into ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity variables. The bvp4c solver in MATLAB is then employed to solve the simplified system numerically. The current numerical procedure is adequate of generating double solutions when excellent initial guesses are implemented. The results show that the features of fluid flow along with heat transfer rate induced by hybrid nanofluid are significantly influenced. The Nusselt number and the tendency of the wall drag force can be improved as the concentration of nanoparticles and the suction factor are increased. Moreover, the results of the model have been discussed in detail for both solution branches due to the cases of rotating disk parameter as well as non-rotating disk parameter. Therefore, an extraordinary behavior is observed for the branch of lower solutions in the case of rotating disk parameter. In addition, the shear stress in the radial direction upsurges for the first solution but declines for the second solution with higher values of suction. Moreover, the rotating parameter slows down the separation of the boundary layer.

Impact of Smoluchowski Temperature and Maxwell Velocity Slip Conditions on Axisymmetric Rotated Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid past a Porous Moving Rotating Disk.

Colloidal suspensions of regular fluids and nanoparticles are known as nanofluids. They have a variety of applications in the medical field, including cell separation, drug targeting, destruction of tumor tissue, and so on. On the other hand, the dispersion of multiple nanoparticles into a regular fluid is referred to as a hybrid nanofluid. It has a variety of innovative applications such as microfluidics, heat dissipation, dynamic sealing, damping, and so on. Because of these numerous applications of nanofluids in minds, therefore, the objective of the current exploration divulged the axisymmetric radiative flow and heat transfer induced by hybrid nanofluid impinging on a porous stretchable/shrinkable rotating disc. In addition, the impact of Smoluchowski temperature and Maxwell velocity slip boundary conditions are also invoked. The hybrid nanofluid was formed by mixing the copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles scattered in the regular (viscous) base fluid (H2O). Similarity variables are used to procure the similarity equations, and the numerical outcomes are achieved using bvp4c in MATLAB software. According to the findings, double solutions are feasible for stretching (λ>0) and shrinking cases (λ<0). The heat transfer rate is accelerated as the hybrid nanoparticles increases. The suction parameter enhances the friction factors as well as heat transfer rate. Moreover, the friction factor in the radial direction and heat transfer enrich for the first solution and moderate for the second outcome due to the augmentation δ1, while the trend of the friction factor in the radial direction is changed only in the case of stretching for both branches.