[Spread of salmonellosis in Moscow and the ways of its prophylaxis]. / Rasprostranenie sal'monellezov v Moskve i puti ikh profilaktiki.

The article deals with the results of the epidemiological analysis of the spread of salmonellosis in Moscow. During the last 15 years the proportion of Salmonella enteritidis was about 80% and more. After salmonellosis morbidity decreased to 19.9 per 100,000 of the population (the minimum level) in 1985 its sharp rise was noted. Morbidity rate increased from 31.7 in 1987 to 55.1 per 100,000 in 1988, then to 93.9 per 100,000 of the population in 1989 (the maximum level). In the subsequent years up to 1996 a decrease in morbidity rate was observed, but in 1997-2002 morbidity rate stabilized within 29.8-35.7 per 100,000 of the population without a perceptible tendency towards decrease. The sharp increase of the etiological role of S. enteritidis which led to a wide spread of Salmonella infections was caused by the "chicken-egg" factor of their transmission. High morbidity rate among children and adults, registered all the year round, is the consequence of the constant epidemic activity of this factor.

[Shigellosis in Moscow: new trends in the epidemiological process and their social determinants]. / Shigellezy v Moskve: novye tendentsii épidemicheskogo protsessa i ikh sotsial'nye determinanty.

In Moscow for a long time morbidity in acute enteric infections, and in Shigella infections as their main constituent, steadily decreased. In recent years the opposite tendency was noted: a rise in morbidity. A pronounced tendency for Shigella infections, especially Flexner's dysentery, to affect older ages was observed. New risk groups, including adults busy in "shuttle" commerce and different asocial elements, appeared. The number of lethal cases considerably increased. Unusual manifestations of the epidemic process are socially determined and reflect a decrease in the living standards of the population, sharp social changes in its way of life and social instability in the country. Sporadic morbidity with low focality prevails. The so-called chronic multifactor alimentary route of infection transmission is mainly realized; its neutralization presents great objective difficulties.

[Salmonellosis in Moscow: its epidemiological characteristics and the prevention tasks]. / Sal'monellezy v Moskve: épidemiologicheskaia kharakteristika i zadachi profilaktiki.

Zooanthroponotic Salmonella infections in Moscow are characterized, on the whole, by the same epidemiological characteristics as in other areas of Russia. Despite the pronounced polyetiological character of these infections, only a few Salmonella serovars were found to dominate in their dynamics for many years. The 1970s were characterized by a growth in morbidity due to a wide spread of S.typhimurium among children of early age in hospitals. This situation was stabilized by 1985, but since 1986 a sharp rise in morbidity was observed again, reaching its peak in 1989. This time its rise was determined by S.enteritidis, whose specific etiological importance grew from 13.3% to 81.3%. The growth of these bacteria was determined by a sharp increase in the epidemic role of such transmitter factors of Salmonella infection as chicken meat, prepared chicken meat products, as well as chicken eggs and their products, including confectionery, which production appreciably increased during this period simultaneously with the presence of a high level of infection among poultry in Russia with salmonellae of this serovar. High morbidity, observed all year round, with a high proportion of adults among patients (more than 60%) is the direct consequence of the preserved still present epidemic activity of the "chicken" factor and a high virulence of S.enteritidis.