[Interpretation of the results of immunohematological tests in hematological patients.]

The correct determination of the blood types of the recipient and the donor is very importante for the choice of blood components for transfusion. As a result of the study, it was established that 18.0% of patients, admitted to the hematology clinic, have difficulties in interpreting of the results of immunohematological tests. Most often, a double population of red blood cells was detected when determining antigens of the Rhesus system (10.9%), auto- (3.9%) and alloantibodies (2.8%). The proposed algorithm for the selection of donor red blood cells in difficult diagnostic cases helps to prevent the development of post-transfusion complications.

[The methods of diagnostic of immune thrombocytopenia of fetus and newborn].

The thrombocytopenia is found in 1%-5% of newborns. Depending on mechanisms of pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia is divided on immune and non-immune one. The reaction of of interaction between antibodies and antigens of superficial structures of cells are in the basis of immune destruction of thrombocytes. During intrauterine period and period of newborness auto-, trans- and alloimmune alternatives of development of thrombocytopenia can be observed. The neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is registered with rate of 1 case per 800-1000 newborns. The study was targeted to developing algorithm of diagnostic of immune thrombocytopenia, detecting main diagnostic criteria, exploring clinical significance of results of laboratory tests. The methods of study included typing of genes of HPA system using polymerase chain reaction with detection of results in real-time mode, detection of compatibility of HPA-genotypes of mother and child using flow cytometry technique. The following criteria of diagnostic of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: 1. detection of incompatible combination of HPA genes in mother and child (HPA-1bb/HPA-1ab; HPA-5aa/HPA-5ab; HPA-15ab/HPA- 15ab); 2. detection in blood serum of mother antibodies adsorbing more than on 3% of thrombocytes of child; 3. absence of antithrombocyte antibodies in mother and child (coefficient of auto-sensitization is less than 5%). The immune genesis of thrombocytopenia is established in 40% 0f children with low number of thrombocytes at birth. In 50% of cases the cause was determined as anti-thrombocyte alloantibodies with diagnosis neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Also in 50% of cases decreasing of number of thrombocytes in children occurred as result of impact of autoantibodies of mother with diagnosis "transimmune thrombocytopenia". The considered laboratory methods have high specificity and permit to properly diagnose immune causes of thrombocytopenia in newborns.

[The detection of thrombocyte-bound IgG in patients with throbocytopenia].

The article presents the mode of detection of anti-thrombocyte auto-antibodies using flow cytometry technique. The values of IgG conjugated with thrombocytes are established in healthy persons. The rate of frequency of auto-antibodies to thrombocytes is analyzed in patients with primarily diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia, with relapse of disease and after therapy of immune thrombocytopenia. The carried out studies demonstrate that flow cytometry technique has a high sensitivity to detect thrombocyte-related antibodies and can be applied under examination of patients with thrombocytopenia.

[The interpretation of immunophenotyping results during diagnostics of lymphatic proliferative disease using immunophenotyping count].

The article considers immune phenotyping heterogeneity of chronic lymphatic leukemia detected using basic diagnostic markers ofcell. The results of analysis of immune phenotypes of 108 patients with B-cell lymphatic proliferative diseases made it possible to establish that the atypical is related most rarely to indicators of expression of monotypic immunoglobulines and CD5 and most frequently to CD23, FMC7, CD22 and CS79b. During the present observation, the immune phenotyping count made up "3" or "2"points and the atypical alternative was registered among 10% of all examined patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia. It is demonstrated that patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia and with lower immune phenotyping count are characterized by major intensity of tumor substrate.

[Efficacy of photon therapy in combined postoperative treatment of children with congenital obstructive uropathy and secondary pyelonephritis].

A total of 110 children aged from 5 to 15 years with different forms of congenital obstructive uropathy and secondary pyelonephritis received standard combined treatment (n = 71) or standard treatment combination with photon therapy 3 months after discharge from hospital. Postoperative combined treatment including photon therapy promoted uneventful course of the postoperative period, normalized immunological indices, achievement of persistent remission.

[New immunoglobulin for treatment of anthrax].

AIM: To experimentally assess activity and safety of anti-anthrax intravenous immunoglobulin manufactured on standard technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasma from selected donors vaccinated with combined anthrax vaccine was tested by enzyme immunoassay. Samples of plasma with increased titer of anti-anthrax antibodies were merged in one manufacturing load and fractionated in ethanol at negative temperature according to standard technology. Formulation of intravenous immunoglobulin was manufactured according to standard technology of acid-enzyme hydrolysis. RESULTS: Proved medical technology of donors immune plasma fractionation provided 4 - 8-fold concentration of anti-anthrax antibodies. The finished product contained 5% of protein and was apyrogenic, non-toxic, thermostable, electrophoretically homogenous, had pH 6.65 and meet the requirements for manufacturing batches of human intravenous immunoglobulin. CONCLUSION: Protective effects of experimental human anti-anthrax immunoglobulin were comparable with control biological--equine anti-anthrax immunoglobulin for intramuscular use.

[Immunogenetics of congenital obstructive uropathies in children].

The authors have examined immunogenetically 136 children of east slavonic nationality aged 5-15 years with different forms of congenital obstructive uropathy. Positive and negative association was found of some HLA antigenes, their phenotypical combinations and haplotypical combinations with diseases in the group of patients with congenital obstructive uropathies and in patients with obstructive pyelonephritis. Different immunogenetic picture was seen in patients with congenital hydronephrosis and in children with pyeloectosy. Different distribution of immunogenetic markers can be used for differential diagnosis, definition of the risk of progression of hydronephrotic transformation, complication of obstructive pathology with secondary infectious process and objective validation of therapeutic policy in children with congenital obstructive uropathy.

[Immune disorders in congenital hydronephrosis complicated by obstructive pyelonephritis]. / Immunnye nausheniia pri vrozhdennom gidronefroze, oslozhnennom obstruktivnym pielonefritom.

Congenital hydronephrotic transformation complicated by obstructive pyelonephritis with intact renal function in children exhibited association with some antigens of the major histocompatibility system and their combinations, changes in immunity and nonspecific resistance. Marked and stable shifts in immune reactivity give grounds for inclusion of immunomodulating drugs in combined treatment of the above patients.

[Methodological problems in the use of information technologies in physical education]. / Metodicheskie problemy primeneniia informatsionnykh tekhnologii v fizicheskoi kul'ture.

The paper considers methodological problems in the use of computer technologies in physical education by applying diagnostic and consulting systems, educational and educational-and-training process automation systems, and control and self-control programmes for athletes and others.

[Clinical and immunological factors in predicting an early exudative reaction after extraction of senile cataracts with implantation of elastic IOL]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskie faktory prognozirovaniia rannei éksudativnoi reaktsii posle ékstraktsii senil'noi katarakty s implantatsiei intraokuliarnykh linz.

Clinical and immunological studies in 170 patients with senile cataracts carried out before and during the first 7 days after cataract extraction with implantation of intraocular lenses helped define the risk factors for development of an early exudative reaction: patients' age under 60 years, clinical signs of secondary immune deficiency presenting as infection syndrome, increased levels of nonspecific immunity factors with deterioration of the phagocytic component, T-lymphopenia, CD4/CD8 imbalance, and increased levels of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor in the serum and lacrimal fluid.

[Thyroid function in different clinical variants of glomerulonephritis in children]. / Funktsiia shchitovidnoi zhelezy pri raznykh klinicheskikh variantakh glomerulonefrita u detei.

The paper shows that children with glomerulonephritis develop autoimmune disorders and stable thyroid dysfunction. That's why it is valid to include thyroid function correcting drugs in the combined regimens. The drugs should be assigned with consideration of individual clinical syndromes of acute and clinical forms of chronic glomerulonephritis.

[The immunogenetic parameters in acute and chronic glomerulonephritis in children]. / Nekotorye immunogeneticheskie parametry pri ostrom i khronicheskom glomerulonefrite u detei.

Our studies suggest that children with primary diffuse glomerulonephritis have some peculiarities in the presentation of certain HLA antigens, their phenotypical and haplotypical combinations relevant to the disease risk and course variants prognosis. Children whose tissue antigens refer them to high risk group in relation to glomerulonephritis require continuous monitoring of clinical, laboratory and immunological parameters. Tissue typing can detect children predisposed to developing acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, prompt optimal treatment and follow-up policy, predict trends in the disease course.

[The degree of severity of immune disorders and factors influencing the results of their correction in patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases]. / Stepen' tiazhesti immunnykh narushenii i faktory, vliiaiushchie na rezul'taty ikh korrektsii, u bol'nykh s khronicheskimi mieloproliferativnymi zabolevaniiami.

Immune status in relation to tumor progression was evaluated in 175 patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases. 113 of them had chronic myeloid leukemia, 62 chronic subleukemic myelosis. It was established that immunologic reactivity decline correlated with the rate of tumor progression. The degree of immune deficiency should be taken into consideration in selection of patients for immunotherapy.

[Complex medico-social characteristics of newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Kompleksnaia mediko-sotsial'naia kharakteristika vpervye zabolevshikh tuberkulezom legkikh bol'nykh.

196 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis are characterized. The patients' age ranged from 18 to 45. The majority were diagnosed late. The disease ran with marked intoxication and weight loss (5-20 kg), typical changes in the peripheral blood in 35.5% of patients, universal dysfunction of cellular and humoral immunity.

[The creation of an all-Union registry of typed donors--the first stage towards bone marrow transplantation from an unrelated donor]. / Sozdanie vsesoiuznogo registra tipirovannykh donorov--pervyi étap k transplantatsii kostnogo mozga ot nerodstvennogo donora.

The changes in tactic approaches may be recorded in clinical transplantation of the bone marrow (TBM). The countries of Europe and America realize TBM from the HLA-compatible unrelated donor. The first stage in such TBM is the establishment of the All-Union Register of typified donors which includes about 8,000 persons and is the member of the World Donor International Association. The authors describe the scientific and organizational principles of the work in the international regime; provide the ethnic and genogeographic characteristics of the All-Union Register. Give brief data on the activity of the All-Union Register during April 15 -- December 1, 1990.

[Blood immunogenetic markers in suppurative-infectious diseases]. / Immunogenetichesksie markery krovi pri gnoino-septicheskikh zabolevaniiakh.

The results are available of typing red blood cells (ABO, Rh, MN) and HLA antigens (locus A, B) as well as haptoglobulin in 118 cases of pyosepsis. The occurrence of some HLA-antigens and of haptoglobulin types was specified for an overall group of patients, staphylococcal and pseudomonas sepsis, vital infection patients. Distribution of the above immunogenetic markers in separate nosological variants of pyoseptic infection has been analyzed.