[To the 100th anniversary of the Crimean Republican Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination]. / K 100-letnemu yubileyu Krymskogo respublikanskogo byuro sudebno-meditsinskoi ekspertizy.

The article briefly presents the history of the formation of the forensic medicine service in Crimea. Information on the main legislative acts that determined the activities of forensic experts and the service in general at different historical stages is provided. The data on the heads of the service and well-known experts - forensic doctors, organizers of forensic medical examination in Crimea are presented. In parallel, the history of the organization and development of the Department of Forensic Medicine is described, the role of its employees in organizing the work of the Crimean Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise is presented. In this article, in addition to the available sources of literature and bibliography of legislative acts, materials from the archive of the Department of Forensic Medicine of Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of Vernadsky Crimean Federal University are used.

[Contribution of Thomas Willis (1621-1675) to neuroanatomy and clinical neurology (on the 400th anniversary of his birth)]. / Vklad Tomasa Uillisa (1621­1675) v neiroanatomiyu i klinicheskuyu nevrologiyu (k 400-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya).

The article is devoted to the 400th anniversary of the birth of the famous English physician and anatomist Thomas Willis (Willisius), who made an invaluable contribution to the development of neurological science and practice. The authors briefly describe the stages of his life path and characterize his contribution to neuroanatomy and clinical medicine, in particular neurology.

Effects of Dynamic and Static Loads on the Concentration of Sodium and Potassium in Murine Skeletal Muscles.

The effects of dynamic and static load on the intracellular concentrations of sodium [Formula: see text] and potassium (K+i) in m. soleus and m. biceps, respectively, were studied in mice. Both dynamic (swimming for 60 min) and static (hanging on the grid for 40 min) load led to a 2-fold increase in [Formula: see text] level, a decrease in K+i concentration by 25-35%, and 3-4-fold increase in the [Formula: see text] ratio. These effects of dynamic and static loads on the studied parameters remained unchanged in mice subjected to regular physical exercise (swimming or hanging on the grid for 1 h a day over 4 weeks). Our results suggest that dissipation of sodium and potassium transmembrane gradients during physical exercise can be considered as a factor of regulation of functional activity of skeletal muscles, which includes changes in transcription and translation of myokines observed previously.

Post-exercise Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation Is Dependent on Training Status.

The effect of training status on post-exercise flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is not well characterized. We tested the hypothesis that the more trained the subjects, the lower the reduction in FMD after an acute bout of aerobic exercise. Forty-seven men (mean ± SD, age: 20.1 ± 1.2 years, body mass: 75.5 ± 5.1 kg, height 178.1 ± 5.4 cm) were divided into five groups with different training characteristics (sedentary, two different groups of active subjects, two different groups of well-trained subjects - runners and weightlifters). Brachial artery FMD (blood pressure cuff placed around the arm distal to the probe with the proximal border adjacent to the medial epicondyle; 5 min at a pressure of 220 mmHg) was assessed before and during 3 min immediately after a bout of cycling exercise at a relative intensity of 170 bpm [(physical work capacity (PWC170)]. At baseline, a progressive increase in FMD was observed in the participants with the higher training status, if the training remained moderate. Indeed, FMD was reduced in runners and weightlifters compared to those who were moderately trained. After PWC170, FMD did not significantly change in sedentary and highly trained runners, significantly increased in the two groups of active subjects but significantly decreased in highly trained weightlifters. These results showed that endothelium-dependent vasodilation evaluated using brachial FMD is maintained or improved following acute aerobic exercise in moderately trained participants, but not in well-trained participants, especially if they are engaged in resistance training.

Level of Interleukins IL-6 and IL-15 in Blood Plasma of Mice after Forced Swimming Test.

We measured the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-15 in blood plasma of mice at different terms after forced swimming, taking into account exercise intensity and preliminary training. It was shown that training was an important factor affecting blood plasma level of IL both at rest and after single forced swimming: in trained animals, the concentration of both myokines increased immediately after swimming, while in untrained animals, this increase was observed only after 5 h. Changes in cytokine production against the background of training can be associated with various factors, including neuroendocrine mechanisms, stress, modification of intracellular signaling, as well as reorganization of transcriptional mechanisms in muscle fibers. The most important factor is shift in the ratio of monovalent cations (sodium and potassium) in the cytoplasm.

[Secretory Function of Skeletal Muscles: Producing Mechanisms and Myokines Physiological Effects].

Skeletal muscle cells secrete a variety of hormones and cytokines, which are referred to as myokines. Different modes of exercise are the main factor of myokines producing. The myokines expression level is increased in an exponential fashon proportional to the length of exercise and the amount of muscle mass engaged in the exercise. These myokines are described to communicate with cells in an autocrine/ paracrine manner. Thus it ensures the maintenance of homeostasis and adaptarion to physical stress. This myokines role is provided by a vriety of effects. It is assumed that exercise increases myokines transcription via signaling systems that are activated in response to a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen, increasing the concentration of [Ca²âº] i and AMP. Significant prospects have the myokines investigation of the role in the different disorders correction. So now accumulated enough data for myokines consideration as a single functional system, which plays an important role in the adaptation mechanisms to the habitual exrcise.

[Polysaccharides of algae: 60. Fucoidan from the Pacific brown alga Analipus japonicus (Harv.) Winne (Ectocarpales, Scytosiphonaceae)].

A fucoidan containing L-fucose, sulfate, and O-acetyl groups at a molar ratio of 3 : 2 : 1, as well as minor amounts of xylose, galactose, and uronic acids was isolated from the brown alga Analipus japonicus collected in the Sea of Japan. The structures of the native polysaccharide and the products of its desulfation and deacetylation were studied by the methods of methylation, periodate oxidation, and NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that the polysaccharide molecule mainly consists of a linear carbohydrate chain of (1-->3)-linked alpha-L-fucopyranose residues, which bear numerous branches in the form of single alpha-L-fucopyranose residues (three branches at position 4 and one branch at position 2 per each ten residues of the main chain). Sulfate groups occupy positions 2 and (to a lesser extent) 4, most of the terminal nonreducing fucose residues being sulfated twice. The acetyl groups are located predominantly at positions 4. The structural role of minor monosaccharides was not established.