Can the color red trick you into drinking less? A replication study.

This replication of the study of Genschow et al. (2012) examines the effect of the color red on beverage consumption. In total, 148 men were asked to consume drinks in either red- or blue-labeled cups. Cup labels were assigned at random. Unlike in the previous study, the findings in our replication study did not provide empirical support for the hypothesis that people will drink less from red-labeled cups than blue-labeled cups. The difference between groups in drink consumption was non-significant. Thus, the red color did not have an inhibitory effect on drink intake.

Optical coherence tomography angiography and the visual field in hypertensive and normotensive glaucoma.

BACKGROUND: Hypertensive glaucoma (HTG) causes damage to the retinal ganglion cells and eventually to the entire visual pathway due to high intraocular pressure (IOP). However, increased IOP will also affect the vessel density (VD) of the posterior pole of the eye and the related retinal ganglion nerve fibres (RNFL). In normotensive glaucoma (NTG), the retinal ganglion cells are relatively intact. The pathology is at the level of ganglion fibres. The unanswered question is what has altered ganglion cell fibres at the level of the retina and optic nerve head in NTG? AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and vessel density (VD) at the same altitudinal half of the retina and the sum of sensitivities of the contralateral half of the visual field of the same eye in hypertensive and normotensive glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: Our group included 20 patients with HTG and 20 patients with NTG. The Pearson's correlation coefficient r was used for evaluation of the relationship of the peripapillary RNFL and VD, visual field (using the fast threshold glaucoma program) as the sum of sensitivities in apostilbs (asb) to the extent of 0-22 degrees. The results of sensitivity were compared with the RNFL and VD of the contralateral altitudinal half of the retina in the same eye. RESULTS: In the HTG group there was a moderate relationship between RNFL and VD (both hemifields), but no relationship between RNFL and VF. VD SH and VF IH showed weak correlation and VD IH and VF SH showed no correlation. In patients with NTG, we found a strong correlation between RNFL and VD (both hemifields), between VD SH and VF IH a moderate correlation, between VD IH and VF SH also a moderate correlation and a weak correlation between RNFL and VF. CONCLUSION: By comparing the RNFL and VD at the same altitudinal halves of the retina, we found a moderate correlation in HTG and a strong correlation in NTG. We found no or a weak correlation between VD and VF in HTG. In NTG the relationship between VD and VF showed a strong correlation. These findings reveal the differences in the diagnostic groups.

Effects of a change in the direction of view to near uncorrected visual acuity following implantation of monofocal intraocular lens.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the direction of view of the eye on the postoperative near visual acuity of patients with monofocal intraocular lens. A total of 121 eyes in which we performed conventional cataract surgery with implantation of a monofocal lens were included in the study group. The postoperative examination of near visual acuity was performed at two different positions of the eye at a constant distance from the reading table, with the assumption of improving visual acuity when looking perpendicularly to the plane of the floor. The mutual relation of the postoperative parameters central keratometry (Kc), keratometry in the visual axis (KVA) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) for the single axial length ranges was determined using the correlation coefficients. In the case of vertical position of the eye (visual axis of the eye perpendicular to the floor), the uncorrected visual acuity following implantation of the monofocal lens was higher or equal compared to the horizontal position of the eye (visual axis of the eye parallel to the floor). The mean visual acuity at the horizontal position of the eye was 0.508 according to Jaeger's tables (P<0.001); at the vertical position, the mean value was 0.555 (P<0.001). Within the entire group, a weak association at best was observed between the postoperative parameters (Kc, KVA and ACD) and subsequent near visual acuity. Different dependence was found after categorising the group according to the axial length of the eye. In conclusion, the near visual acuity in eyes with an implanted monofocal lens for emmetropy to distance reached higher values at the vertical vs. horizontal position of the eyes. However, neither of the observed parameters (KC, KVA or ACD) can be unambiguously determined as decisive for the assumption of the described feature.

Normotensive glaucoma.

This article provides an updated overview of the structural and functional changes in normotensive glaucoma and its variations from hypertensive glaucoma. The authors point out the less familiar facts in which both diagnostic groups differ.