Emotional and behavioral outcomes among youths with mental disorders during the first Covid lockdown and school closures in England: a large clinical population study using health care record integrated surveys.

PURPOSE: Emotional and behavioral problems in children and young people (CYP) have increased over the pandemic. Those with pre-existing mental disorders are more vulnerable but have been understudied. We investigated emotional and behavioral outcomes in this population; differences across diagnostic groups; and social, educational, and clinical determinants. METHODS: We invited 5386 caregivers and CYP (aged 5-17) under child mental health services pre-pandemic to complete an online survey on CYP's emotional/behavioral symptoms and pandemic-related circumstances, and integrated responses with clinicodemographic information extracted from electronic health records. We compared four parent-rated outcomes (total emotional/behavioral scores and emotional/behavioral changes as compared to before the pandemic) across the three most common diagnostic groups in our population (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and emotional disorders (EmD)). We then estimated the association of clinicodemographic and pandemic-related characteristics with emotional/behavioral outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 1741 parents (32.3%) completed the survey. Parents of CYP with ADHD or ASD reported more behavioral difficulties (t(591) = 5.618 (0.001); t(663) = 6.527 (0.001)); greater emotional deterioration (t(591) = 2.592 (0.009); t(664) = 4.670 (< 0.001); and greater behavioral deterioration (t(594) = 4.529 (< 0.001); t(664) = 5.082 (< 0.001)) as compared to the EmD group. Those with ASD and EmD showed more emotional difficulties than ADHD (t(891) = - 4.431 (< 0.001); t(590) = - 3.254 (0.001)). Across diagnoses, poor parental mental health and challenges with education were most strongly associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Within our clinical population, CYP with ADHD/ASD were the most adversely affected during lockdown. Enhancing clinical service provision that tackles parental stress and supports education may help mitigate the impact of future restrictions.

[Long-term follow up of acute and chronic pancreatitis during insulin and peptide C secretion and carbohydrate tolerance]. / Odlegle nastepstwa ostrego i przewleklego zapalenia trzustki w zakresie wydzielania insuliny, peptydu C oraz tolerancji weglowodanów.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to evaluate the function of pancreatic the B-cell and carbohydrate tolerance after and during pancreatitis. Forty patients (30 men and 10 women) in mean age 41.6 +/- 11.6 years (mean +/- SD) were studied. Analysis of the results was performed in four groups: 1) normal controls, 2) patients after biliary acute pancreatitis (AP) in anamnesis, 3) patients with chronic pancreatitis (ChP) and normal carbohydrate tolerance and 4) patients with chronic pancreatitis and impaired of glucose tolerance (ChP + IGT, WHO classification). Pancreatitic B-cell activity was evaluated by the measurement insulin (IRI) and C-peptide (CP) serum concentrations in fasting state and after 75 g oral glucose and after intravenous glucagon injection (1 mg). Hepatic insulin extraction was estimated from of the serum IRI/CP molar ratio. This study demonstrated impaired function of the pancreatic B-cell in groups after acute pancreatitis and with chronic pancreatitis at normal levels of glycaemia. A progressive reduction of stimulated serum IRI and CP concentrations in groups (2), (3) and (4) was observed. In those groups the increase of serum IRI/CP ratio was found. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired function of the B-cell after pancreatitis is a frequent complication and to improve metabolic control a mechanism of hepatic insulin clearance reduction is involved.

[Changes in gastric mucosa and Helicobacter pylori infection in young health volunteers]. / Zmiany w blonie sluzowej zoladka i zakazenie Helicobacter pylori u mlodych, zdrowych ochotników.

They examined 114 young health volunteers to establish a frequency of inflammation of gastric mucous membrane and(or) duodenal bulbous, a frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection and interdependence between infection and inflammation, smoking and nourishment. They evaluated a frequency and intensity of inflammation in antrum, fundus and duodenal bulbus and present of Helicobacter pylori using an urease test and microscopic examination. They noted in young inhabitants of Warsaw, appearance of asymptomatic gastritis in more than 53% cases, an inflammation of duodenal bulbus in 34% and H.pylori infection in 50% cases.

[Inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa of patients with idiopathic non-ulcer dyspepsia and the effect of colloid bismuth treatment on the course of inflammation]. / Zmiany zapalne blony sluzowej zoladka u ludzi z idiopatyczna dyspepsja niewrzodowa oraz wplyw leczenia bizmutem koloidalnym na przebieg zapalenia.

The studies were aimed at the assessment of the coexistence of non-ulcer dyspepsia with chronic gastritis and Campylobacter pylori infection, and of the effect of therapy with De-Nol on the course of such disease. The studies involved 50 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Prior to and after the treatment with De-Nol samples of the mucosa collected from the antrum and corpus of the stomach have been examined histologically with urease test indicating C. pylori infection. Chronic gastritis of the antral mucosa membrane and/or mucosa of the corpus of the stomach has been found in 36 patients, and normal mucosa in 14 patients. Therapy with De-Nol produced statistically significant improvement. Totally histological improvement has been noted in 77.1% of patients with inflammation of the antral mucous membrane and in 64.3% of patients with inflammation of the corporeal gastric mucosa. Campylobacter pylori has been eradicated in all patients with chronic gastritis. De Nol eliminates or significantly lowers an inflammation in the antrum and/or corpus of the stomach. Its action is related to the eradication of Campylobacter pylori infection.

[Effect of colloid bismuth treatment on Campylobacter pylori infection of the gastric mucosa and the clinical course of non-ulcer dyspepsia]. / Wplyw leczenia bizmutem koloidalnym na zakaåenie blony sluzowej zoladka przez Campylobacter pylori i przebieg kliniczny idiopatycznej dyspepsji niewrzodowej.

There are suggestions, that the idiopathic non-ulcer dyspepsia is related to the chronic gastritis type B coexisting with C. pylori infection. Presented studies were aimed at the assessing of an effect of the treatment with De-Nol on the course of the idiopathic non-ulcer dyspepsia of C. pylori infection. Gastroscopic examination was performed in 52 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia before and after the treatment with De-Nol administered for 4-8 weeks. Campylobacter pylori was isolated from 71% of patients with idiopathic non-ulcer dyspepsia. An infection was eradicated in 97.4% of patients treated with De-Nol. The number of dyspeptic episodes decreased in by 96% of patients, including 33% of patients in whom total recovery was noted. De-Nol was well tolerated. De-Nol is highly effective in the eradication of C. pylori and produces clinical improvement in the majority of patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia.

Using cerebral dominance for education programs.

Instructional methods in today's classroom are sometimes based on the notion of cerebral dominance. However, the link between hemispheric laterality and education practice is highly questionable. One instrument used by teachers to assess individual differences in cerebral dominance is a paper-and-pencil survey called Your Style of Learning and Thinking (SOLAT; Torrance, Reynolds, Riegel, & Ball, 1977). In this study, the authors explored the psychometric properties of the SOLAT in three phases. In the first phase, the authors examined SOLAT's construct validity. Contrary to cerebral dominance theory, a principal factor analysis revealed a seven-factor solution. The second phase was conducted to determine the SOLAT's internal consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients. As expected, these analyses generated low to moderate correlations. In the final phase, the authors further examined the SOLAT's construct validity by comparing the performance of brain-injured versus normal adults. With one exception, there were no significant differences. The results of this study did not support the notion of hemisphericity, at least not as measured by the SOLAT. Therefore, educators should not use the SOLAT to categorize students in terms of their preferred mode of processing information.

[First computations of the 1988 national census results]. / Pierwsze opracowania wynikow NSP 1988.

PIP: A preliminary analysis of data from the 1988 census of Poland is presented, using data for Plock voivodship. Topics covered include changes in percent urban population, dependency ratio, sex ratio, household composition, childlessness, one-parent families, retired persons, employment status, and living standards.^ieng

[The 1988 general census in light of the expected recommendations of the CMEA Permanent Statistical Commission]. / Narodowy Spis Powszechny 1988 w swietle przewidywanych zalecen Stalej Komisji Statystycznej RWPG.

PIP: The author describes a set of principles concerning census procedures agreed to by the countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. These include an agreement to conduct a decennial census at the end of each decade and close to the beginning of a year, and an agreed number of minimum and optimum components. Dates of future censuses include: Poland, 1988; USSR, 1989; Mongolia, 1989; Viet Nam, 1989; Romania, 1990; Hungary, 1990; Cuba, 1990; Czechoslovakia, 1990; German Democratic Republic, 1991; Yugoslavia, 1991; and Bulgaria, 2000.^ieng