RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity improves the metabolic profile of patients, although the biological mechanisms involved are not clear yet. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise are well known and are possibly related to its therapeutic properties. The aim of this study was to compare changes in the concentration of an anti-inflammatory cytokine - tumor necrosis factor soluble receptor-1 (sTNFR1) - and a pro-inflammatory cytokine - interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) - during moderate physical exercise in sedentary versus athletic men. METHODS: We analyzed serum inflammatory cytokine concentrations in 5 athletes and 5 sedentary men (aged 18 to 22): 1) 15 minutes and immediately before a 28-minute specifically-programmed moderate exercise session; 2) every 3 minutes during the exercise session; 3) 15 and 30 minutes after session completion. RESULTS: We obtained serum sTNFR1 and IL-1ß concentrations in 10 individuals. Both cytokines exhibited changes in their concentration during physical exercise: a significant increase in the concentration of sTNFR1 was observed in both the sedentary (P=0.0249) and the athlete (P=0.02172) groups. The levels of sTNFR1 were higher in the athlete group than in the sedentary group. No differences were observed in the IL-1ß concentrations between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Serum concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine sTNFR1 increased during moderate physical exercise, and its levels were higher in athletes before, during and after physical activity. These findings are consistent with previous findings concerning the anti-inflammatory properties of exercise, and suggest that sTNFR1 has an important role in the anti-inflammatory environment following physical activity.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Comportamento Sedentário , Adolescente , Teste de Esforço , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Unilateral cervical spinal cord hemisection at C2 (C2SH) interrupts descending bulbospinal inputs to phrenic motoneurons, paralyzing the diaphragm muscle. Recovery after C2SH is enhanced by brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling via the tropomyosin-related kinase subtype B (TrkB) receptor in phrenic motoneurons. The role for gene therapy using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery of TrkB to phrenic motoneurons is not known. The present study determined the therapeutic efficacy of intrapleural delivery of AAV7 encoding for full-length TrkB (AAV-TrkB) to phrenic motoneurons 3 days post-C2SH. Diaphragm EMG was recorded chronically in male rats (n=26) up to 21 days post-C2SH. Absent ipsilateral diaphragm EMG activity was verified 3 days post-C2SH. A greater proportion of animals displayed recovery of ipsilateral diaphragm EMG activity during eupnea by 14 and 21 days post-SH after AAV-TrkB (10/15) compared to AAV-GFP treatment (2/11; p=0.031). Diaphragm EMG amplitude increased over time post-C2SH (p<0.001), and by 14 days post-C2SH, AAV-TrkB treated animals displaying recovery achieved 48% of the pre-injury values compared to 27% in AAV-GFP treated animals. Phrenic motoneuron mRNA expression of glutamatergic AMPA and NMDA receptors revealed a significant, positive correlation (r(2)=0.82), with increased motoneuron NMDA expression evident in animals treated with AAV-TrkB and that displayed recovery after C2SH. Overall, gene therapy using intrapleural delivery of AAV-TrkB to phrenic motoneurons is sufficient to promote recovery of diaphragm activity, adding a novel potential intervention that can be administered after upper cervical spinal cord injury to improve impaired respiratory function.
Assuntos
Terapia Genética/métodos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/genética , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/fisiologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/genética , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/terapia , Animais , Medula Cervical/patologia , Vértebras Cervicais , Masculino , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptor trkB , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
Las lesiones congénitas son la causa principal de indicación quirúrgica sobre la válvula aórtica en la edad pediátrica. Se muestra la incidencia de estas lesiones y la conducta quirúrgica adoptada ante ellas, en el Cardiocentro del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "William Soler" durante un período de 14 años. Se intervinieron quirúrgicamente 25 pacientes con diagnóstico de lesión aórtica única, de ellos sólo 2 eran lactantes, el resto, mayores de 5 años de edad. El 72 por ciento de los enfermos presentaba estenosis aórtica. La comisurotomía abierta fue la operación realizada a 17 pacientes. Se realizaron 6 sustituciones valvulares con prótesis mecánica y una con autoinjerto. Se complicaron 6 pacientes en el posoperatorio. La mortalidad fue del 4 por ciento(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Criança , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Anormalidades CongênitasRESUMO
Las lesiones congénitas son la causa principal de indicación quirúrgica sobre la válvula aórtica en la edad pediátrica. Se muestra la incidencia de estas lesiones y la conducta quirúrgica adoptada ante ellas, en el Cardiocentro del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "William Soler" durante un período de 14 años. Se intervinieron quirúrgicamente 25 pacientes con diagnóstico de lesión aórtica única, de ellos sólo 2 eran lactantes, el resto, mayores de 5 años de edad. El 72 por ciento de los enfermos presentaba estenosis aórtica. La comisurotomía abierta fue la operación realizada a 17 pacientes. Se realizaron 6 sustituciones valvulares con prótesis mecánica y una con autoinjerto. Se complicaron 6 pacientes en el posoperatorio. La mortalidad fue del 4 por ciento