Technology of Informative Feature Selection for Immunosignature Analysis.

The main difficulty in practical work with data obtained via immunosignature analysis is high dimensionality and the presence of a significant number of uninformative or false-informative features due to the specific character of the technology. To ensure practically relevant quality of data analysis and classification, it is necessary to take due account of this specific character. The aim of the study is to create and test the technology for effective reduction of immunosignature data dimensionality, which provides practically relevant and high quality of classification with due regard for the properties of the data obtained. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved the use of two normalized data sets obtained from the public biomedical repository and containing the results of immunosignature analysis.The technology for selecting informative features was proposed within the framework of the study. It consisted of three successive steps: 1) breaking a multiclass task into a series of binary tasks using the "one vs all" strategy; 2) screening of false-informative features is performed for each binary comparison by comparing the values of the median of the sets "one" and "all"; 3) ranking of the remaining features according to their informative value and selection of the most informative ones for each binary comparison.To assess the quality of the proposed technology for informative feature selection, we used the results obtained after application of classification based on the filtered data. Support vector method that proved itself in the problems of high-dimensional data classification was used as a classification model. RESULTS: Effectiveness of the proposed technology for informative feature selection was determined. This technology allows us to provide high quality of classification while significantly reducing the feature space. The number of features eliminated in the second step is approximately 50% for each data set under consideration, which greatly simplifies subsequent data analysis. After the third step, when the feature space is reduced to 15 features, the quality of classification by the macro-average F1-score metric is assessed as 98.9% for the GSE52581 dataset. For the GSE52581 dataset, with the feature space reduced to 266 features, the quality of classification by the macro-average F1-score metric is 91.3%. CONCLUSION: The results of the work demonstrate the promising outlook of the proposed technology for informative feature selection as applied to the data of immunosignature analysis.

Committing to quantum resistance: a slow defence for Bitcoin against a fast quantum computing attack.

Quantum computers are expected to have a dramatic impact on numerous fields due to their anticipated ability to solve classes of mathematical problems much more efficiently than their classical counterparts. This particularly applies to domains involving integer factorization and discrete logarithms, such as public key cryptography. In this paper, we consider the threats a quantum-capable adversary could impose on Bitcoin, which currently uses the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) to sign transactions. We then propose a simple but slow commit-delay-reveal protocol, which allows users to securely move their funds from old (non-quantum-resistant) outputs to those adhering to a quantum-resistant digital signature scheme. The transition protocol functions even if ECDSA has already been compromised. While our scheme requires modifications to the Bitcoin protocol, these can be implemented as a soft fork.