Auto-hemoterapia em orquiectomia de cães / Autohemotherapy in dogs' orchiectomy

A orquiectomia consiste na remoção dos testículos e, em animais, pode ser realizada por motivo eletivo ou terapêutico. A cirurgia eletiva faz parte da guarda responsável de cães e gatos e é um dos procedimentos mais realizados na medicina veterinária, incluindo mutirões de castração onde a redução de custos é importante. A auto-hemoterapia (AHT) vem sendo aplicada em animais, inclusive em acupontos, com o intuito de produzir efeitos imunoestimulantes. Neste contexto, este estudo utilizou AHT, durante o período pós-operatório imediato, em acupontos de cães submetidos à orquiectomia eletiva sem a aplicação de antibióticos. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com dados referentes a outro grupo de animais, os quais foram orquiectomizados e previamente tratados com antibiótico sistêmico. Todos os animais foram acompanhados clinicamente e foram feitos hemogramas nos períodos pré e pós-operatório, assim como o registro de infecções e outras intercorrências relacionadas ao procedimento cirúrgico. Considerando os 20 cães usados no estudo, não houve ocorrência de infecção ou processo inflamatório nos animais após o procedimento cirúrgico. Além disso, alterações hematológicas significativas não foram observadas entre os grupos e entre os períodos pré e pós-operatório de ambos os grupos. Desta forma, conclui-se que a auto-hemoterapia associada à acupuntura pode representar uma alternativa para um protocolo cirúrgico sem antibióticos em cirurgia eletiva de orquiectomia em animais hígidos.

The orchiectomy is the removal of the testicles and, in animals, can be performed due to by elective or therapeutic reasons. Elective surgery is part of the responsible ownership of dogs and cats and is one of the most performed procedures in veterinary medicine, including castration efforts where cost reduction is important. Autohemotherapy (AHT) has been applied in animals, including acupoints, to produce immunostimulatory effects. In this context, this study used AHT, during the immediate postoperative period, in acupoints of dogs submitted to elective orchiectomy without the use of antibiotics. The results obtained were compared to data from another group of animals, which were orchiectomized and previously treated with a systemic antibiotic. All animals were clinically monitored and hemograms were performed during the pre and post-operatory period, as well as the registration of infections and other complications related to the surgical procedure. Regarding the 20 dogs used in the study, there was no occurrence of infection or inflammation in the animals after the surgical procedure. In addition, significant hematologic alterations were not observed between groups and between pre- and post-operatory periods in both groups. Therefore, it is concluded that autohemotherapy associated with acupuncture may represent an alternative for a surgical protocol without antibiotics in elective orchiectomy surgery in healthy animals.

Urban capuchin monkeys Sapajus nigritus (Goldfuss, 1809) (Primates, Cebidae) as environmental bioindicators of leishmaniasis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Leishmania sp. DNA and anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in free-ranging Sapajus nigritus from an urban forest located in a city in the North Central region of the state of Paraná. For the indirect diagnosis, the direct agglutination test was used with promastigote forms of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, where it was possible to detect the agglutination reaction in 53.33% of the S. nigritus blood samples. For direct diagnosis, the samples were submitted to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, which confirmed the presence of Leishmania spp. DNA in 26.66% of the tested samples. It reinforces the importance of considering the concept of One Health in the face of diseases with high prevalence, such as leishmaniasis and the need for health education measures. This result shows that the animals in the present study have a role as environmental bioindicators for leishmaniasis.

Bacteria with a Potential for Multidrug Resistance in Hospital Material.

The objective of this research was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from items related to hygiene and antisepsis, equipment, and instruments used in different hospital wards. Bacterial isolation and identification, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility assays, mecA gene detection, and multiple antimicrobial resistance index analysis were performed. In total, 105 bacteria were isolated from 138 items. Of these, 49.52% bacteria were collected from instruments, 43.80% from equipment, and 6.66% from items related to hygiene and antisepsis. All gram-positive bacteria (88 isolates) were identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Five species of gram-negative bacilli (17 isolates) were isolated, and the prevalence of Enterobacter agglomerans (29.41%), Escherichia coli (11.76%), and Serratia liquefaciens (11.76%) was high. Antimicrobial resistance was reported for 93.33% of the isolates. Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to sulfazotrim (88.64%) and penicillin (82.95%), while gram-negative bacteria showed resistance to sulfazotrim (70.59%) and ampicillin (64.71%). Analysis of multiple antibiotic resistance index showed that 73.33% of the isolates were a high risk to public health. The mecA gene was detected in 23 (71.88%) isolates. The evaluation of microorganisms isolated in the hospital environment revealed their high multidrug resistance index. Thus our study presses the need to pay more attention to the cleanliness of frequently used instruments, which may be potential sources of infections.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Enterobacteria Isolated from Free-Living Primates.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of antimicrobial resistance in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and to detect strains of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in free-living Sapajus nigritus. Oral and rectal swabs were collected from 15 primates to isolate and identify bacteria, conduct phenotypic tests to detect antimicrobial sensitivity and ESBL-producing strains, and calculate the multiple antimicrobial resistance index. The least effective antimicrobial was amoxicillin (72.72%) and ampicillin (57.57%), and the samples were considered as high risk for public health. No sample was positive for ESBL production. The results show that this study is relevant to One Health initiatives, considering the possibility of transmission of bacterial resistance and resistant genes originating from direct or indirect interaction of S. nigritus with parkgoers. However, these animals cannot be considered as the only reservoirs and transmitters of resistant bacteria as they can be contaminated by human-origin bacteria that can be extremely harmful and often prove lethal to them that play an important role in relationship to the ecology, spreading seeds and controlling insects.

Microbiome and antimicrobial resistance in members of the Enterobacteriaceae family from vaginal and preputial mucous isolates of stray dogs

Background: Contact between humans and pets, mainly dogs and cats, has been increasing in recent years, which may result in the spread of infectious agents to new hosts and even to the environment, causing emergencies of national and international interest. The aim of this work was to understand the phenotypic profile of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family of vaginal and preputial mucous of stray dogs from a border region. Materials, Methods & Results: Swab samples from the vaginal and preputial mucosa of stray dogs from two border regions were collected for later bacterial isolation, biochemical identification of bacterial isolates, susceptibility tests to different antimicrobials, and determination of the bacterial resistance index. Samples were collected from 70 animals, was possible to isolate 88 samples, of which 36 (40.9%) presented isolates of Gram-negative bacteria, with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent species (44.8%), followed by Obesumbacterium proteus in eight (27.5%); Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae in two (6.8%); and Erwinia herbicola, Koserella trabulsii, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia rubidaea (3.4%) from one isolate. The most resistant antimicrobials Clindamycin (100%), Metronidazole (100%), Oxacillin (100%), and Penicillin (100%) were tested against the vaginal and preputial samples and when the multidrug resistance index of the isolates was analyzed, all were classified as presenting a public health risk. Discussion: The results of this work suggest that stray dogs may be considered potential reservoirs of resistant pathogenic microorganisms, enabling future health problems due to the close coexistence of tutors with their dogs. It is known that the microorganisms that inhabit a certain environment or a specific part of the body are collectively called microbiomes. More specifically, some of them are bacteria that inhabit the reproductive mucous...

Negative results for Borrelia burdgorferi in cows and ticks from a border region between Brazil and Paraguay: a case report / Resultados negativos para Borrelia burgdorferi em vacas e carrapatos de região fronteiriça entre Brasil e Paraguai: relato de Caso

Lyme borreliosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia. In ruminants, most infections are asymptomatic, but the animals can present myalgia, lameness, laminitis, arthritis, synovitis, neurological symptoms, and also decreased production and abortion. The objective was to investigate Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in cows and cattle ticks on a small dairy farm in a border region. Blood samples and ticks were collected from Holstein cows with a history of decreased milk production and abortions. Borrelia burgdorferi DNA was extracted from blood samples using a commercial extraction kit, and from ticks using an alkaline hydrolysis solution for subsequent nested-PCR. Serum and tick samples did not present Borrelia burgdorferi DNA, and 100% of the ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Although this study shows negative results it contributes to understanding the epidemiology of this etiological agent in Paraná and in Brazil, since there are few studies on bovine species. The negative results of this work demonstrate that the animals and ticks researched were not exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi, however, as it isa property located in a border region, the sanitary monitoring of the herd must be performed constantly since this is a region. vulnerable to the entry of potential threats to human, animal and environmental health from vectors and pathogenic microorganisms, given the large extension of the land border with the neighboring country and which also has different health status.

A borreliose de Lyme é uma doença infecciosa causada por bactérias do gênero Borrelia. Nos ruminantes, a infecção é assintomática, mas os animais podem apresentar mialgia, claudicação, laminite, artrite, sinovite, sintomas neurológicos e também diminuição da produção e do aborto. O objetivo foi investigar o DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi em vacas e carrapatos de uma pequena propriedade rural de gado leiteiro em uma região de fronteira. Amostras de sangue e carrapatos foram coletados de vacas da raça Holandesa com histórico de diminuição da produção de leite e abortos. O DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi foi extraído de amostras de sangue usando um kit de extração comercial e de carrapatos usando uma solução de hidrólise alcalina para subsequente nested-PCR. Amostras de soro e carrapato não apresentaram DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi, e 100% dos carrapatos foram identificados como Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Embora este estudo apresente resultados negativos o mesmo contribui para o entendimento da epidemiologia desse agente etiológico no Paraná e no Brasil, uma vez que existem poucos estudos sobre espécies bovinas. Os resultados negativos deste trabalho demonstram que os animais e carrapatos pesquisados não foram expostos a Borrelia burgdorferi, no entanto, por se tratar de uma propriedade localizada em uma região de fronteira, o monitoramento sanitário do rebanho deve ser realizado constantemente, pois é uma região vulnerável à entrada de ameaças potenciais à saúde humana, animal e ambiental por vetores e microrganismos patogênicos, dada a grande extensão da fronteira terrestre com o país vizinho e que também apresenta diferentes condições de saúde.

Negative results for Borrelia burdgorferi in cows and ticks from a border region between Brazil and Paraguay: a case report / Resultados negativos para Borrelia burgdorferi em vacas e carrapatos de região fronteiriça entre Brasil e Paraguai: relato de Caso

Lyme borreliosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia. In ruminants, most infections are asymptomatic, but the animals can present myalgia, lameness, laminitis, arthritis, synovitis, neurological symptoms, and also decreased production and abortion. The objective was to investigate Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in cows and cattle ticks on a small dairy farm in a border region. Blood samples and ticks were collected from Holstein cows with a history of decreased milk production and abortions. Borrelia burgdorferi DNA was extracted from blood samples using a commercial extraction kit, and from ticks using an alkaline hydrolysis solution for subsequent nested-PCR. Serum and tick samples did not present Borrelia burgdorferi DNA, and 100% of the ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Although this study shows negative results it contributes to understanding the epidemiology of this etiological agent in Paraná and in Brazil, since there are few studies on bovine species. The negative results of this work demonstrate that the animals and ticks researched were not exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi, however, as it isa property located in a border region, the sanitary monitoring of the herd must be performed constantly since this is a region. vulnerable to the entry of potential threats to human, animal and environmental health from vectors and pathogenic microorganisms, given the large extension of the land border with the neighboring country and which also has different health status.(AU)

A borreliose de Lyme é uma doença infecciosa causada por bactérias do gênero Borrelia. Nos ruminantes, a infecção é assintomática, mas os animais podem apresentar mialgia, claudicação, laminite, artrite, sinovite, sintomas neurológicos e também diminuição da produção e do aborto. O objetivo foi investigar o DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi em vacas e carrapatos de uma pequena propriedade rural de gado leiteiro em uma região de fronteira. Amostras de sangue e carrapatos foram coletados de vacas da raça Holandesa com histórico de diminuição da produção de leite e abortos. O DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi foi extraído de amostras de sangue usando um kit de extração comercial e de carrapatos usando uma solução de hidrólise alcalina para subsequente nested-PCR. Amostras de soro e carrapato não apresentaram DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi, e 100% dos carrapatos foram identificados como Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Embora este estudo apresente resultados negativos o mesmo contribui para o entendimento da epidemiologia desse agente etiológico no Paraná e no Brasil, uma vez que existem poucos estudos sobre espécies bovinas. Os resultados negativos deste trabalho demonstram que os animais e carrapatos pesquisados não foram expostos a Borrelia burgdorferi, no entanto, por se tratar de uma propriedade localizada em uma região de fronteira, o monitoramento sanitário do rebanho deve ser realizado constantemente, pois é uma região vulnerável à entrada de ameaças potenciais à saúde humana, animal e ambiental por vetores e microrganismos patogênicos, dada a grande extensão da fronteira terrestre com o país vizinho e que também apresenta diferentes condições de saúde.(AU)

Piometra em cadela possivelmente causada pelo uso simultâneo de levonorgestrel e cipionato de estradiol / Pyometra in a bitch possibly caused by simultaneous administration of levonorgestrel and estradiol cypionate

Background: Toxicological events in animals may be accidental or intentional and could occur in the home environment.These events could involve different agents such as pesticides, rodenticides, medicines, foods, and plants. Indiscriminateuse of medication in pets by their owners is common. Self-medication of animals with drugs for human use can cause irreversible damage to their health. The emergency contraceptive pill (morning-after pill), comprising concentrated hormonalcompounds, is sold freely in Brazil. The objective of this article was to report a case of pyometra in a bitch possibly causedby simultaneous administration of human emergency contraceptive pill along with a veterinary contraceptive medication.Case: A 6-year-old bitch was referred to a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for abdominal enlargement. Accordingto the guardian, during estrus (30 days before the consultation) the female dog was covered. After intercourse, the owneradministered a human emergency contraceptive pill (morning-after pill - Levonorgestrel) and a veterinary contraceptive(Estradiol Cypionate). Physical examination revealed severe dehydration (10%) and high temperature, besides the abdominalenlargement. The hemogram revealed leukocytosis with a left shift, characteristic of infection. After clinical examination,closed pyometra was suspected, and later confirmed by ultrasonography. Due to the poor clinical condition, fluid therapywas performed, and a systemic antibiotic was administered. After stabilization, the patient underwent ovariohysterectomy.In the postoperative period, the fluid therapy was continued, and antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs were administered.Two days after surgery, the patient was discharged for home recovery.Discussion: Most cases of drug poisoning in animals involve female dogs, similar to the patient in this report. There isno theory elucidating the same, but the rate of incidence in female dogs has been reported to be higher...(AU)

Antimicrobial resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from household cats (Felis silvestris catus)

Background: In Brazil, cats in households has recently increased dramatically, likely due to their lower space and carerequirements. We need to know the health of these companion animal species, since they have behavioral patterns thatmake them an important link in the epidemiological chain. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producer strains (ESBL)are resistant to penicillin, cephalosporin and monobactam, but they are susceptible to clavulanate. The goal of this study isto detect Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and evaluate the bacterial resistanceprofile in isolated cats (Felis silvestris catus) that live in a city located at west of Parana state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Swabs were aseptically collected from the anal orifice and oral cavity of 49 female domestic cats that were healthy upon clinical and physical examination, a minimum age of one year, weighing up to 3 kg,and had attended a veterinary clinic specializing in cats, in order to, later, perform the isolation and bacterial identification, antimicrobial sensibility phenotypic test and the phenotypic test to detect ESBL producer strains. From the 98 swabscollected it was possible to perform the bacterial isolation in 68 samples; 40.81% isolated from anal orifice and 28.57%isolated from oral cavity. From rectal and oral cavities 77.50% and 71.42% of the isolated were identified as Escherichiacoli respectively, being 2.94% considered ESBL producer strains. In relation to bacterial resistance the antibiotics thatshown more resistance in anal orifice were ampicillin, amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, sulfazotrim, tetracycline and aztreonam.In oral cavity they were ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin + clavulanate, aztreonam, ceftriaxone and nalidixicacid; and the bacterial resistance index shown that 39.70% were considered high level risk...

Piometra em cadela possivelmente causada pelo uso simultâneo de levonorgestrel e cipionato de estradiol / Pyometra in a bitch possibly caused by simultaneous administration of levonorgestrel and estradiol cypionate

Background: Toxicological events in animals may be accidental or intentional and could occur in the home environment.These events could involve different agents such as pesticides, rodenticides, medicines, foods, and plants. Indiscriminateuse of medication in pets by their owners is common. Self-medication of animals with drugs for human use can cause irreversible damage to their health. The emergency contraceptive pill (morning-after pill), comprising concentrated hormonalcompounds, is sold freely in Brazil. The objective of this article was to report a case of pyometra in a bitch possibly causedby simultaneous administration of human emergency contraceptive pill along with a veterinary contraceptive medication.Case: A 6-year-old bitch was referred to a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for abdominal enlargement. Accordingto the guardian, during estrus (30 days before the consultation) the female dog was covered. After intercourse, the owneradministered a human emergency contraceptive pill (morning-after pill - Levonorgestrel) and a veterinary contraceptive(Estradiol Cypionate). Physical examination revealed severe dehydration (10%) and high temperature, besides the abdominalenlargement. The hemogram revealed leukocytosis with a left shift, characteristic of infection. After clinical examination,closed pyometra was suspected, and later confirmed by ultrasonography. Due to the poor clinical condition, fluid therapywas performed, and a systemic antibiotic was administered. After stabilization, the patient underwent ovariohysterectomy.In the postoperative period, the fluid therapy was continued, and antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs were administered.Two days after surgery, the patient was discharged for home recovery.Discussion: Most cases of drug poisoning in animals involve female dogs, similar to the patient in this report. There isno theory elucidating the same, but the rate of incidence in female dogs has been reported to be higher...

Antimicrobial resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from household cats (Felis silvestris catus)

Background: In Brazil, cats in households has recently increased dramatically, likely due to their lower space and carerequirements. We need to know the health of these companion animal species, since they have behavioral patterns thatmake them an important link in the epidemiological chain. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producer strains (ESBL)are resistant to penicillin, cephalosporin and monobactam, but they are susceptible to clavulanate. The goal of this study isto detect Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and evaluate the bacterial resistanceprofile in isolated cats (Felis silvestris catus) that live in a city located at west of Parana state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Swabs were aseptically collected from the anal orifice and oral cavity of 49 female domestic cats that were healthy upon clinical and physical examination, a minimum age of one year, weighing up to 3 kg,and had attended a veterinary clinic specializing in cats, in order to, later, perform the isolation and bacterial identification, antimicrobial sensibility phenotypic test and the phenotypic test to detect ESBL producer strains. From the 98 swabscollected it was possible to perform the bacterial isolation in 68 samples; 40.81% isolated from anal orifice and 28.57%isolated from oral cavity. From rectal and oral cavities 77.50% and 71.42% of the isolated were identified as Escherichiacoli respectively, being 2.94% considered ESBL producer strains. In relation to bacterial resistance the antibiotics thatshown more resistance in anal orifice were ampicillin, amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, sulfazotrim, tetracycline and aztreonam.In oral cavity they were ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin + clavulanate, aztreonam, ceftriaxone and nalidixicacid; and the bacterial resistance index shown that 39.70% were considered high level risk...(AU)

Relato de dois casos de mastite pós-parto em cadelas / Report of two cases of postpartum mastitis in bitches

Algumas das urgências reprodutivas presentes na espécie canina incluem distocias, piometra e mastite, sendo esta última, a inflamação bacteriana de uma ou mais glândulas mamárias, secundária ao parto em cadelas. Objetivou-se, com o presente relato, descrever dois casos de mastite em cadelas sem raça definida. Os dois casos foram diagnosticados por meio da anamnese e exame clínico, porém, no segundo caso, foram realizados exames complementares (hemograma; cultura e antibiograma). O tratamento do primeiro caso foi feito com cefalexina e tintura de iodo topicamente nas tetas. Para o segundo caso, em decorrência da realização da cultura e antibiograma, detectou-se sensibilidade a alguns antibióticos e resistência a outros. Assim, o animal foi tratado com amoxicilina associada a ácido clavulânico. Em ambos os casos houve recuperação completa das pacientes. O diagnóstico precoce da enfermidade é importante devido ao caráter emergencial da doença. O tratamento, baseado em antimicrobianos, foi eficiente e adequado para os casos em questão.

Some of the reproductive urgencies present in the canine species include dystocia, pyometra and mastitis, the latter being bacterial inflammation of one or more mammary glands, secondary to delivery in bitches. The objective of this report was to describe two cases of canine mastitis diagnosed in mongrel bitches. The two cases were diagnosed by anamnesis and clinical examination, but in the second case complementary exams were performed (hemogram, culture and antibiogram). Treatment of the first case included cefalexin, and iodine tincture was used in the tits. For the second, as a result of the culture and antibiogram, sensitivity to some antibiotics and resistance to others were detected, so the animal was treated with amoxicillin associated to clavulanic acid. In both treatments, the bitches presented recovery. The early diagnosis of the disease is important due to emergential characteristic. The treatment, based in antimicrobials, was efficient and appropriated for the cases.

Relato de dois casos de mastite pós-parto em cadelas / Report of two cases of postpartum mastitis in bitches

Algumas das urgências reprodutivas presentes na espécie canina incluem distocias, piometra e mastite, sendo esta última, a inflamação bacteriana de uma ou mais glândulas mamárias, secundária ao parto em cadelas. Objetivou-se, com o presente relato, descrever dois casos de mastite em cadelas sem raça definida. Os dois casos foram diagnosticados por meio da anamnese e exame clínico, porém, no segundo caso, foram realizados exames complementares (hemograma; cultura e antibiograma). O tratamento do primeiro caso foi feito com cefalexina e tintura de iodo topicamente nas tetas. Para o segundo caso, em decorrência da realização da cultura e antibiograma, detectou-se sensibilidade a alguns antibióticos e resistência a outros. Assim, o animal foi tratado com amoxicilina associada a ácido clavulânico. Em ambos os casos houve recuperação completa das pacientes. O diagnóstico precoce da enfermidade é importante devido ao caráter emergencial da doença. O tratamento, baseado em antimicrobianos, foi eficiente e adequado para os casos em questão.(AU)

Some of the reproductive urgencies present in the canine species include dystocia, pyometra and mastitis, the latter being bacterial inflammation of one or more mammary glands, secondary to delivery in bitches. The objective of this report was to describe two cases of canine mastitis diagnosed in mongrel bitches. The two cases were diagnosed by anamnesis and clinical examination, but in the second case complementary exams were performed (hemogram, culture and antibiogram). Treatment of the first case included cefalexin, and iodine tincture was used in the tits. For the second, as a result of the culture and antibiogram, sensitivity to some antibiotics and resistance to others were detected, so the animal was treated with amoxicillin associated to clavulanic acid. In both treatments, the bitches presented recovery. The early diagnosis of the disease is important due to emergential characteristic. The treatment, based in antimicrobials, was efficient and appropriated for the cases.(AU)

Identification of enterobacteria in free-living nonhuman primates in an urban park in the northern Region of the State of Paraná, Brazil / Identificação de enterobactérias em primatas não-humanos de vida livre em um parque urbano na Região Norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Populations of nonhuman primates are often considered to be a link in the chain of emerging infectious diseases, as they are reservoirs for different zoonotic pathogens. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae in free-living nonhuman primates. The research was carried out in an urban park located in a city in the northern region of the State of Paraná, Brazil. The animals were captured in Tomahawk-type traps and chemically restrained, being oral and rectal samples collected with sterile swabs. For bacterial isolation, the samples were seededon MacConkey agar plates and grown under anaerobic conditions. The subsequent identification was conducted using a commercial biochemical kit. Sixteen primates identified as black-capuchin-monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) were captured. Seven different enterobacterial species were identified from the oral cavity swabs: six Escherichia coli (42.9%), three Kluyvera species (21.40%), one Serratia rubidaea(7.14%), one Enterobacter aerogenes (7.14%), one Enterobacter cloacae (7.14%), one Hafnia alvei (7.14%), and one Erwinia herbicola (7.14%). Seven different species were identified from the rectal swabs: six Escherichia coli (40%), three Kluyvera species (20%), two Enterobacter aerogenes (13.32%),one Erwinia herbicola (6.67%), one Serratia rubidaea (6.67%), one Pragia fontium (6.67%), and one Edwardsiella tarda (6.67%). The results indicate that the isolated bacteria belong mainly to the human microbiota and had crossed the interspecific barrier, contaminating the nonhuman primates.(AU)

As populações de primatas não humanos frequentemente são consideradas um elo na cadeia de doenças infecciosas emergentes, por constituírem reservatórios que propiciam o surgimento de diferentes patógenos zoonóticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a presença de bactérias da família Enterobacteriaceae em primatas não humanos de vida livre. O estudo foi realizado em um parque urbano localizado em uma cidade da região norte do Estado do Paraná. Os animais foram capturados em armadilhas do tipo Tomahawk e submetidos a contenção farmacológica para colheita de amostras da microbiota oral e retal com zaragatoas estéreis. Para o isolamento bacteriano as amostras foram semeadas pela técnica de esgotamento em placas contendo ágar MacConkey, com posterior identificação por testes bioquímicos utilizando kit comercial. Foram capturados 16 primatas não humanos identificados como Sapajus nigritus (macaco-prego). Na cavidade oral foi possível identificar sete diferentes espécies de bactérias, sendo seis (42,9%) Escherichia coli, três espécies de Kluyvera (21,40%), uma (7,14%) Serratia rubidae, uma (7,14%) Enterobacter aerogenes, uma (7,14%) Enterobacter cloacae, uma (7,14) Hafnia alvei e uma (7,14%) Erwinia herbicola. No reto foi possível identificar sete diferentes espécies de bactérias, sendo seis (40%) Escherichia coli, três espécies de Kluyvera (20%), duas (13,32%) Enterobacter aerogenes, uma (6,67%) Erwinia herbicola, uma (6,67%) Serratia rubidae, uma (6,67%) Pragla fotiun e uma (6,67%) Edwardsiella tarda. Os resultados indicam que as bactérias isoladas são pertencentes principalmente à microbiota humana, e estão ultrapassando a barreira interespecífica e contaminando os primatas.(AU)

Identification of enterobacteria in free-living nonhuman primates in an urban park in the northern Region of the State of Paraná, Brazil / Identificação de enterobactérias em primatas não-humanos de vida livre em um parque urbano na Região Norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Populations of nonhuman primates are often considered to be a link in the chain of emerging infectious diseases, as they are reservoirs for different zoonotic pathogens. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae in free-living nonhuman primates. The research was carried out in an urban park located in a city in the northern region of the State of Paraná, Brazil. The animals were captured in Tomahawk-type traps and chemically restrained, being oral and rectal samples collected with sterile swabs. For bacterial isolation, the samples were seededon MacConkey agar plates and grown under anaerobic conditions. The subsequent identification was conducted using a commercial biochemical kit. Sixteen primates identified as black-capuchin-monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) were captured. Seven different enterobacterial species were identified from the oral cavity swabs: six Escherichia coli (42.9%), three Kluyvera species (21.40%), one Serratia rubidaea(7.14%), one Enterobacter aerogenes (7.14%), one Enterobacter cloacae (7.14%), one Hafnia alvei (7.14%), and one Erwinia herbicola (7.14%). Seven different species were identified from the rectal swabs: six Escherichia coli (40%), three Kluyvera species (20%), two Enterobacter aerogenes (13.32%),one Erwinia herbicola (6.67%), one Serratia rubidaea (6.67%), one Pragia fontium (6.67%), and one Edwardsiella tarda (6.67%). The results indicate that the isolated bacteria belong mainly to the human microbiota and had crossed the interspecific barrier, contaminating the nonhuman primates.

As populações de primatas não humanos frequentemente são consideradas um elo na cadeia de doenças infecciosas emergentes, por constituírem reservatórios que propiciam o surgimento de diferentes patógenos zoonóticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a presença de bactérias da família Enterobacteriaceae em primatas não humanos de vida livre. O estudo foi realizado em um parque urbano localizado em uma cidade da região norte do Estado do Paraná. Os animais foram capturados em armadilhas do tipo Tomahawk e submetidos a contenção farmacológica para colheita de amostras da microbiota oral e retal com zaragatoas estéreis. Para o isolamento bacteriano as amostras foram semeadas pela técnica de esgotamento em placas contendo ágar MacConkey, com posterior identificação por testes bioquímicos utilizando kit comercial. Foram capturados 16 primatas não humanos identificados como Sapajus nigritus (macaco-prego). Na cavidade oral foi possível identificar sete diferentes espécies de bactérias, sendo seis (42,9%) Escherichia coli, três espécies de Kluyvera (21,40%), uma (7,14%) Serratia rubidae, uma (7,14%) Enterobacter aerogenes, uma (7,14%) Enterobacter cloacae, uma (7,14) Hafnia alvei e uma (7,14%) Erwinia herbicola. No reto foi possível identificar sete diferentes espécies de bactérias, sendo seis (40%) Escherichia coli, três espécies de Kluyvera (20%), duas (13,32%) Enterobacter aerogenes, uma (6,67%) Erwinia herbicola, uma (6,67%) Serratia rubidae, uma (6,67%) Pragla fotiun e uma (6,67%) Edwardsiella tarda. Os resultados indicam que as bactérias isoladas são pertencentes principalmente à microbiota humana, e estão ultrapassando a barreira interespecífica e contaminando os primatas.

Anti-Rickettsia rickettsii antibodies in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766) from an agricultural landscape in Araras, São Paulo, Brazil / Anticorpos anti-Rickettsia rickettsii em capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766) de uma de uma região agrícola de Araras, São Paulo, Brasil

Spotted fever is a typically endemic infectious disease caused by rickettsiae from the spotted fever group, of which Rickettsia rickettsii is the main etiologic agent. It presents high mortality rates in Brazil, with transmission to humans or animals through the bite of infected ticks. The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is an important reservoir for Rickettsia spp.; these bacteria can circulate in an infected animal presenting only fever as a clinical sign of the disease, as demonstrated by experimental infection. Considering the high zoonotic potential and the damage caused to human, animal, and environmental health, this study searched for anti-Rickettsia rickettsii antibodies in capybaras from an agricultural landscape in the city of Araras, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) technique was used to detect anti-R. rickettsii antibodies. From the 28 serum samples tested using IFA, 18 (64.28%) were considered reactive, with antibody titers ranging from 256 to 2048. Seven (38.88%) samples presented titers of 256, three (16.67%) with titers of 512, five (27.78%) with titers of 1024, and three (16.67%) with titers of 2048. However, it was not possible to significantly associate gender to these serologic results. These results demonstrate that at some point during their lives, the studied capybaras were exposed to the etiologic agent, but it is impossible to know when this occurred. Further studies need to be performed to clarify which serological titers ensure an infection in capybaras, basedon clinical and laboratory assessment of rickettsemia, and to establish the relationship between titers and the chronicity of disease. This is necessary owing to the possibility of cross-reactions with other rickettsiae species of the same subgroup, leading to the need for molecular tests to confirm diagnosis.

A febre maculosa é uma doença infecciosa, causada por rickéttsias do Grupo da Febre Maculosa, que geralmente se desenvolve em caráter endêmico e tem como principal agente etiológico Rickettsia rickettsii. Apresenta elevadas taxas de letalidade no Brasil, e a transmissão do agente ao homem ou animal ocorre pela picada de carrapatos infectados. A capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) é um importante reservatório de Rickettsia spp., e por meio de infecção experimental demonstrou-se sua capacidade de mantê-la circulante no organismo, sem apresentar sinais clínicos da doença. Considerando o elevado potencial zoonótico e os prejuízos causados na saúde única por esse agente, este trabalho teve o objetivo de detectar anticorpos anti-Rickettsia rickettsii em capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) de um bosque urbano de Araras, São Paulo, Brasil. Foi utilizada a técnica de imunofluorescência indireta (IFA) para detectar anticorpos anti-R. rickettsii. Das 28 amostras de soro testadas na IFA, 18 (64,28%) foram consideradas reagentes com títulos de anticorpos variando de 256 a 2048, sendo que sete (38,88%) amostras apresentaram títulos de 256, três (16,67%) títulos de 512, cinco (27,78%) títulos de 1024 e três (16,67%) títulos de 2048 e não foi possível a associação da variável sexo (p?0.05) com os resultados sorológicos para Rickettsia rickettsii. Outros estudos serão necessários para esclarecer que títulos sorológicos na IFA podem assegurar a positividade da infecção na capivara, a partir deavaliação clínica e laboratorial frente à rickettsemia, e estabelecer a relação entre títulos e a cronicidade da doença. Isso decorre da possibilidade de ocorrência de reações cruzadas com outras espécies de rickéttsias dos mesmos subgrupos, levando à necessidade da realização de testes moleculares para se confirmar o diagnóstico para a enfermidade.

Anti-Rickettsia rickettsii antibodies in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766) from an agricultural landscape in Araras, São Paulo, Brazil / Anticorpos anti-Rickettsia rickettsii em capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766) de uma de uma região agrícola de Araras, São Paulo, Brasil

Spotted fever is a typically endemic infectious disease caused by rickettsiae from the spotted fever group, of which Rickettsia rickettsii is the main etiologic agent. It presents high mortality rates in Brazil, with transmission to humans or animals through the bite of infected ticks. The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is an important reservoir for Rickettsia spp.; these bacteria can circulate in an infected animal presenting only fever as a clinical sign of the disease, as demonstrated by experimental infection. Considering the high zoonotic potential and the damage caused to human, animal, and environmental health, this study searched for anti-Rickettsia rickettsii antibodies in capybaras from an agricultural landscape in the city of Araras, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) technique was used to detect anti-R. rickettsii antibodies. From the 28 serum samples tested using IFA, 18 (64.28%) were considered reactive, with antibody titers ranging from 256 to 2048. Seven (38.88%) samples presented titers of 256, three (16.67%) with titers of 512, five (27.78%) with titers of 1024, and three (16.67%) with titers of 2048. However, it was not possible to significantly associate gender to these serologic results. These results demonstrate that at some point during their lives, the studied capybaras were exposed to the etiologic agent, but it is impossible to know when this occurred. Further studies need to be performed to clarify which serological titers ensure an infection in capybaras, basedon clinical and laboratory assessment of rickettsemia, and to establish the relationship between titers and the chronicity of disease. This is necessary owing to the possibility of cross-reactions with other rickettsiae species of the same subgroup, leading to the need for molecular tests to confirm diagnosis.(AU)

A febre maculosa é uma doença infecciosa, causada por rickéttsias do Grupo da Febre Maculosa, que geralmente se desenvolve em caráter endêmico e tem como principal agente etiológico Rickettsia rickettsii. Apresenta elevadas taxas de letalidade no Brasil, e a transmissão do agente ao homem ou animal ocorre pela picada de carrapatos infectados. A capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) é um importante reservatório de Rickettsia spp., e por meio de infecção experimental demonstrou-se sua capacidade de mantê-la circulante no organismo, sem apresentar sinais clínicos da doença. Considerando o elevado potencial zoonótico e os prejuízos causados na saúde única por esse agente, este trabalho teve o objetivo de detectar anticorpos anti-Rickettsia rickettsii em capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) de um bosque urbano de Araras, São Paulo, Brasil. Foi utilizada a técnica de imunofluorescência indireta (IFA) para detectar anticorpos anti-R. rickettsii. Das 28 amostras de soro testadas na IFA, 18 (64,28%) foram consideradas reagentes com títulos de anticorpos variando de 256 a 2048, sendo que sete (38,88%) amostras apresentaram títulos de 256, três (16,67%) títulos de 512, cinco (27,78%) títulos de 1024 e três (16,67%) títulos de 2048 e não foi possível a associação da variável sexo (p?0.05) com os resultados sorológicos para Rickettsia rickettsii. Outros estudos serão necessários para esclarecer que títulos sorológicos na IFA podem assegurar a positividade da infecção na capivara, a partir deavaliação clínica e laboratorial frente à rickettsemia, e estabelecer a relação entre títulos e a cronicidade da doença. Isso decorre da possibilidade de ocorrência de reações cruzadas com outras espécies de rickéttsias dos mesmos subgrupos, levando à necessidade da realização de testes moleculares para se confirmar o diagnóstico para a enfermidade.(AU)

Toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, and brucellosis seroepidemiology in veterinary medical students and their relation with unique health / Soroepidemiologia da toxoplasmose, leptospirose e brucelose em acadêmicos de medicina veterinária e sua relação com a saúde única

Toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, and brucellosis are global zoonoses, with humans as accidental participants in their transmission cycles. The can also be considered occupational diseases, because certain professionals are at greater risk of contact and infection by such zoonoses. These three diseases have different epidemiological characteristics because of the distinct environmental, social, cultural, and economic conditions where these pathogens circulate. Because of the importance of these diseases and their associations with specific occupations, we performed a seroepidemiological survey of Toxoplasma, Leptospira, and Brucella antibodies, with an analysis of the association between positive serum and certain occupational and environmental variables, in students of a veterinary medicine course (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th year) in a university in the northwestern region in the state of Paraná, Brazil. From May to November 2014, blood samples were collected from 157 volunteers by professionals trained in nursing and biomedicine from the same university as the veterinary students. At the time of blood collection, the students did not present any clinical signs of the three diseases of interest. To detect antiToxoplasma gondii, anti-Leptospira spp., and anti-Brucella antibodies, indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), microscopic agglutination test (MAT), fast agglutination test (a screening test), and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. To determine variables associated with these infections, the students were interviewed to complete an epidemiological questionnaire with environmental, behavioral, and occupational information. The associations between these variables and infections were assess by chi-square or Fischer’s exact tests, with a 5% significance level (α)...

A toxoplasmose, leptospirose e a brucelose são zoonoses de ampla distribuição mundial, tendo o homem como participante acidental da sua cadeia epidemiológica, entretanto, podem se apresentar como doenças ocupacionais, em diferentes categorias profissionais, despertando grande preocupação, por estarem constantemente expostos ao risco de contato e contagio com essas zoonoses. Estas três enfermidades possuem características epidemiológicas distintas, como reflexo das diferenças ambientais, sociais, culturais e econômicas encontradas em cada localidade. Considerando a importâncias destas três enfermidades e sua relação com o aspecto ocupacional o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento soroepidemiológico para toxoplasmose, leptospirose e brucelose e identificar variáveis ocupacionais e ambientais relacionadas a estas três enfermidades em acadêmicos do curso de medicina veterinária de uma universidade da região noroeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. No período de maio a novembro de 2014, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de forma voluntária de 157 acadêmicos do curso de Medicina Veterinária (1°, 2°, 3°, 4° e 5° ano). A coleta de sangue foi realizada por profissionais habilitados da área de enfermagem e da biomedicina da respectiva universidade. No momento da coleta de sangue, os acadêmicos não apresentavam manifestação de qualquer sinal clínico das enfermidades deste estudo. Para detectar anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, anti-Leptospira spp. e anti-Brucella foram realizadas as técnicas de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), aglutinação microscópica (SAM), aglutinação rápida (triagem) e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) respectivamente e para a detecção de variáveis associadas às infecções, os acadêmicos foram entrevistados, respondendo a um questionário epidemiológico com informações ambientais, comportamentais e ocupacionais relacionadas às enfermidades...

Toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, and brucellosis seroepidemiology in veterinary medical students and their relation with unique health / Soroepidemiologia da toxoplasmose, leptospirose e brucelose em acadêmicos de medicina veterinária e sua relação com a saúde única

Toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, and brucellosis are global zoonoses, with humans as accidental participants in their transmission cycles. The can also be considered occupational diseases, because certain professionals are at greater risk of contact and infection by such zoonoses. These three diseases have different epidemiological characteristics because of the distinct environmental, social, cultural, and economic conditions where these pathogens circulate. Because of the importance of these diseases and their associations with specific occupations, we performed a seroepidemiological survey of Toxoplasma, Leptospira, and Brucella antibodies, with an analysis of the association between positive serum and certain occupational and environmental variables, in students of a veterinary medicine course (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th year) in a university in the northwestern region in the state of Paraná, Brazil. From May to November 2014, blood samples were collected from 157 volunteers by professionals trained in nursing and biomedicine from the same university as the veterinary students. At the time of blood collection, the students did not present any clinical signs of the three diseases of interest. To detect antiToxoplasma gondii, anti-Leptospira spp., and anti-Brucella antibodies, indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), microscopic agglutination test (MAT), fast agglutination test (a screening test), and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. To determine variables associated with these infections, the students were interviewed to complete an epidemiological questionnaire with environmental, behavioral, and occupational information. The associations between these variables and infections were assess by chi-square or Fischers exact tests, with a 5% significance level (α)...(AU)

A toxoplasmose, leptospirose e a brucelose são zoonoses de ampla distribuição mundial, tendo o homem como participante acidental da sua cadeia epidemiológica, entretanto, podem se apresentar como doenças ocupacionais, em diferentes categorias profissionais, despertando grande preocupação, por estarem constantemente expostos ao risco de contato e contagio com essas zoonoses. Estas três enfermidades possuem características epidemiológicas distintas, como reflexo das diferenças ambientais, sociais, culturais e econômicas encontradas em cada localidade. Considerando a importâncias destas três enfermidades e sua relação com o aspecto ocupacional o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento soroepidemiológico para toxoplasmose, leptospirose e brucelose e identificar variáveis ocupacionais e ambientais relacionadas a estas três enfermidades em acadêmicos do curso de medicina veterinária de uma universidade da região noroeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. No período de maio a novembro de 2014, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de forma voluntária de 157 acadêmicos do curso de Medicina Veterinária (1°, 2°, 3°, 4° e 5° ano). A coleta de sangue foi realizada por profissionais habilitados da área de enfermagem e da biomedicina da respectiva universidade. No momento da coleta de sangue, os acadêmicos não apresentavam manifestação de qualquer sinal clínico das enfermidades deste estudo. Para detectar anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, anti-Leptospira spp. e anti-Brucella foram realizadas as técnicas de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), aglutinação microscópica (SAM), aglutinação rápida (triagem) e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) respectivamente e para a detecção de variáveis associadas às infecções, os acadêmicos foram entrevistados, respondendo a um questionário epidemiológico com informações ambientais, comportamentais e ocupacionais relacionadas às enfermidades...(AU)

Obstrução uretral aguda causada por tumor venéreo transmissível em um cão / Acute urethral obstruction due to transmissible venereal tumor in a dog

Background: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a sexually transmitted, contagious, round cell neoplasm that affects mainly the external genital organs of dogs of both sexes. Canine TVT is practically the only tumor transmitted by cellular transplantation under natural conditions. The tumor occurs in all dog breeds and in various parts of the world, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Sexually active dogs that roam are at increased risk of acquiring the infirmity. The diagnosis is clinical, and confirmed by cytology. The most effective treatment is chemotherapy with vincristine. The aim of this report is describes a case of one male dog with an acute urethral obstruction caused by TVT. Case: In a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), a dog of unknown age was admitted. Volunteers from an animal protection institution rescued the dog from the streets after information from residents. Upon admission in the VMTH, the dog had an acute urethral obstruction, detected on clinical examination. Cystocentesis was performed to relieve the condition. Complete clinical examination and blood count were performed. Hematological examination revealed anemia and thrombocitopeny. The clinical examination revealed a swelling in the preputial area, and penile exposure was not possible. Because of this it was not possible to place the urethral catheter in the animal. However, preputial fistula and a friable, bleeding mass suggestive of a TVT were detected. For penile inspection and correction of the obstruction, the dog was submitted to a surgical procedure with an incision in the preputial midline. After the incision was made, several masses with a friable and bleeding appearance were found. The masses that prevented the urinary flow were removed and, cleansed with a physiological solution. The skin was sutured to restore the normal anatomy. In the same procedure, the dog was neutered. Cytological examination of the masses confirmed the diagnosis of TVT. […]