Effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on cisplatin-induced hepatic and cardiac toxicity.

In recent years, the cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin (CP) have become significant issues. The current research looks into the effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on CP-induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity in rats. A total of 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were separated into four different groups: (1) control group, received only normal saline; (2) NaHS group, was intraperitoneally injected with NaHS (200 µg/kg/d, dissolved in saline) for 15 days; (3) CP group, was intraperitoneally injected only one dose of CP (5 mg/kg) and (4) CP plus NaHS group, received CP along with NaHS. Blood and tissues samples were harvested for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations. To determine the data's statistical significance, a one-way analysis of variance was used. CP injection significantly increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine phospho kinase (CK-MB), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and lipid peroxidation levels, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL), albumin, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly reduced with pathological alterations in liver and heart tissues. Co-treatment NaHS with CP ameliorates the biochemical and histological parameters. Also, Treatment solely with CP resulted in increased tissue expression of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) in liver and heart but co-treatment NaHS with CP reduced the expression of this inflammatory factor. We conclude that NaHS operates in the liver and heart as an anti-inflammatory and powerful free radicals' scavenger to inhibit the toxic effects of CP, both at the biochemical and histopathological levels.

NaHS protects the liver and heart against Cisplatin-induced toxicity.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Improved some of Biochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Disturbances of Red Blood Cells in Diabetic Rats.

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has a broad spectrum of biologic properties against oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GSPE on biochemical factors and antioxidant enzymes of erythrocyte in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced through single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg.Kg(-1), i.p). Forty Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four Groups: Group 1, healthy control group; Group 2, healthy group treated with GSPE (200 mg.Kg(-1)); Group 3, diabetic control group; Group 4, diabetic group treated with GSPE (200 mg.Kg(-1)) for 4 weeks. At the end, the experimental animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected and plasma parameters and erythrocytes antioxidant status were evaluated. The results show, treatment with GSPE significantly reduced (P<0.001) urine volume, proteinuria and biochemical factors such as blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein as well as malondialdehyde. Also GSPE treatment significantly (P<0.005) increased high density lipoprotein, total protein and albumin. Moreover GSPE significantly increased antioxidant enzymes activity such as: superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. These results suggest that GSPE can ameliorate biochemical abnormalities and antioxidant system status in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats probably by its potent antioxidant features.