[Some indicators of children homeostasis, living in arsenic polluted environment].

Two groups of school children (7-16 years old) were studied. One child was from Lukhuni gorge, where arsenic was mined and processed for many years; 11 children were living far (>50 km) from the territory of arsenic mining. Pediatric monitoring revealed significant increase of general morbidity, particularly acute respiratory diseases. Cytogenetic, immunological and hematological investigations were conducted in 43 children (21 from group 1 and 22 from group 11). Simultaneously, the level of arsenic in blood and urine was defined. At all points the differences were revealed, that affirmed the impact of ecological factors on the organism and adaptative processes in children.

[Dependence of child health on the ecology].

The purpose of the work was to establish correlation between detected with the help of micronuclei in exfoliation cells infringements in the genetic disorder of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) at children living in Lukhuni gorge. Heavy metals having mutagenous trait can cause variety of diseases and first of all influence on the genetic apparatus, which damage often reflects chromosome change. The study of micronuclei in exfoliation cells is comparatively new, easily reachable and believable informative method. From Lukhuni gorge it is indicated true lifting amount of micronuclei. In a distance this indications where far less. It is investigated 150 children: 50 from Lukhuni gorge (I group) where the maintenance of arsenic is sharply raised in environment and 100 from the regions remote from Lukhuni gorge. Amount average quantity micronuclei in 1000 cells in I group was very high 22,38+/-1,26 in. In the second was 4,36+/-0,50 (t=12,82; p<0,0001). All children, under the anamnesis and the clinical data, have been divided on frequently were ill of Acute Respiratory Infection(in one year > 4-5 times) and seldom were ill of Acute Respiratory Infection (< 4-5 times). ARI most frequently were marked in this region. It is revealed correlation between amount of micronuclei in exfoliation cells and parameters of illness respiratory diseases at children living in territories, polluted with arsenic and his derivatives (R=0,789; p<0,000001).

[Characteristics of chromosomal and mitotic disorders in patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia exposed to chemical factors]. / Kharakter khromosomnykh i mitoticheskikh narushenii u bol'nykh ostrymi nelimfoblastnymi leikozami, podvergavshikhsia vozdeistviiu khimicheskikh faktorov.

Cytogenetic and mitotic disorders were studied in 151 patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. A significant rise in the incidence of clonal disorders with predominant affection of chromosomes 5 and 7, and an increase in the percentage of cases with the presence of pathologic mitoses in hemopoietic cells have been recorded in patients who, due to their occupation, have been exposed to potentially mutagenic chemical substances.

[Role of chromosome aberrations in the development of leukemic process]. / Rol' khromosomnykh narushenii v razvitii leikoznogo protsessa.

The pathogenetic and clinical significance of karyotype features in leukemia and preleukemia are analysed. In 34.7 per cent patients with preleukemia, karyotype instability was observed which consisted in numerical and structural chromosome aberrations with clone anomaly. It was found that karyotype instability is an initial stage of anomalous clone formation and often precedes its development in preleukemia, secondary leukemias, and in preblastic stage of chronic myeloid leukemia. Acute leukemias were found to be characterized by premeditated numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations with predominant involvement of chromosomes 5, 7, 8, and 21 in non-lymphoblastic and chromosomes 6, 9, 8, and 21 in lymphoblastic forms of acute leukemia. It was also shown that the normal to abnormal metaphase ratio in acute leukemia patients is of high prognostic value.