Community centered public safety resilience under public emergencies: A case study of COVID-19.

During public emergencies, the level of public safety will be resilient and follow a process from decline to rise. Regarding the concept and influencing factors of public safety resilience, a three-level public safety resilience framework that includes personal, community, and government levels was proposed in this study. It provided the overall metrics that used the resistance and recovery ability to describe the dynamic characteristics of public safety resilience as well as the resilience assessment indexes on three levels. In the context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this study applied the proposed framework in a case study on public safety resilience at the Beihang community, Beijing, China through descriptive statistics, structural equation model, and principal component regression analysis of questionnaire data. The data analysis results showed that community resilience was the most important of the three levels of public safety resilience. In addition, community resilience could improve personal resilience, and government resilience had a positive effect on community and personal resilience. Compared with the resistance ability, the recovery ability was influenced more by the operation and improvement of the community. This study is conducive to understanding and improving public safety resilience on the personal, community, and government levels and can help relevant parties improve their ability to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the methods used in this study can be extended to other studies on public emergencies.

Overexpressing lncRNA SNHG16 inhibited HCC proliferation and chemoresistance by functionally sponging hsa-miR-93.

BACKGROUND: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as prognostic biomarkers and functional regulators in human cancers. The present study aimed to determine the expressions and functions of an lncRNA, Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 16 (SNHG16), in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: SNHG16 expressions were tested by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in HCC cell lines, as well as 43 pairs of HCC tissues and pair-matched healthy hepatic tissues. It was overexpressed in Hep3B and HuH7 cells. The effects of SNHG16 overexpression in HCC in vitro proliferation, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemoresistance, and in vivo tumor growth were tested. A potential microRNA (miRNA) sponge target of SNHG16, hsa-miR-93, was tested by luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR. In addition, hsa-miR-93 was upregulated in SNHG16-overexpressed HCC cells to examine its effect on SNHG16-mediated cancer cell functional regulation in HCC. RESULTS: SNHG16 levels were markedly downregulated in both HCC cell lines and HCC tissues. Lentivirus-mediated SNHG16 overexpression inhibited HCC cell proliferation, 5-FU chemoresistance, and in vivo tumor growth. Hsa-miR-93 was confirmed to be directly sponging on SNHG16. Its upregulation in HCC cells reversed SNHG16 overexpression and induced tumor-suppressing effects in HCC cells. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that SNHG16 plays a critical role in HCC development via functionally sponging hsa-miR-93.

Proximal femoral nails anti-rotation versus dynamic hip screws for treatment of stable intertrochanteric femur fractures: an outcome analyses with a minimum 4 years of follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Dynamic hip screws (DHSs) and proximal femoral nails anti-rotation (PFNAs) are well-documented implants for stable intertrochanteric femur fractures(IFFs); however, there is no consensus regarding which type of implant is the better option for stable IFFs. This study aimed to compare DHSs with PFNAs in the management of stable intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in our institution. Between June, 2005 and November, 2015, 267 patients (267 hips) with stable IFFs (AO/OTA Type 3.1A1) were treated with a DHS or a PFNA. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were designed to focus on isolated stable IFFs in ambulatory patients. Follow-up was undertaken at 1, 3, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 36, 48 postoperative months, and at final follow-up. Radiograph outcomes were obtained at all visits. The primary outcome measure was re-operation rate. The secondary outcome was patient function, evaluated using Harris hip score (HHS). Tertiary outcomes included: intra- and post-operative orthopaedic complications. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty two patients (110 in the PFNA group and 112 in the DHS group) were evaluated with a mean follow-up period of 53 months (range, 48-60 months). There was an increased risk of reoperation after DHS in one-year follow-up: 0 % and 5.4 % for PFNA and DHS, respectively (P = 0.029). The difference persisted with time: 6.4 % and 13.4 % at last follow-up (P < 0.05). There are statistical differences in postoperative HHS at 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 36, 48 months postoperatively and at final follow-up. No statistical differences in medical complications was observed between the two groups. The orthopaedic complications were more in the DHS group (n = 42) compared with the PFNA group (n = 18) (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with PFNA device, DHS device might not be the preferred implant for stable intertrochanteric femur fractures.

Severe injury of bilateral elbow joints with unilateral terrible triad of the elbow and unilateral suspected terrible triad of the elbow complicated with olecranon fracture: one case report.

Terrible triad of the elbow is characterized as posterior dislocation of the elbow joint accompanied by the fractures of the radial head and coronoid process of the ulna, which is rarely seen in clinical practice, especially because the mild fracture is barely detected by imaging method In this study, we reported one case of serious complex bilateral elbow injury, presenting with unilateral typical terrible triad of the elbow and suspected terrible triad of the elbow complicated with olecranon fracture on the other side. Clinical experience was obtained during the diagnosis and treatment procedures.

Guided bone regeneration using collagen membranes for sinus augmentation.

We investigated the effect of guided bony regeneration using collagen membranes for sinus augmentation in the first maxillary molars of 18 adult female beagle dogs. The teeth were extracted bilaterally and the sinus floors were lifted with simultaneous implantation. The grafted material composed of a combination of autografts and Bio-oss in a 2:1 ratio. On the experimental side in each dog, collagen membrane was folded at the lateral osteotomy window, at the apex of the implants, and at a certain part of the palatal bone. On the opposite (control) side, the collagen membrane covered the osteotomy window. Six animals were killed at each of 4, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. Gross observation, biomechanical testing, and histological examinations were made. On the experimental side, grafted materials showed no obvious resorption or subsidence, and a new bone had formed at the apex of the implants. On the control side, the grafted materials had been shifted and absorbed. Histological examination showed increased formation of a new bone in the experimental group, which matured over time. At 4 weeks, inflammatory cells were present in the control group, which showed less maturation of the new bone. The pull-out force increased with time and, at week 24, there was a significant difference in pull-out force between the two groups (p<0.01). Guided bony regeneration with the enfolded coverage of membrane can effectively reduce resorption of grafted bone on the apical surface of implants and stimulate formation of the new bone in sinus augmentation.

[Morphological observation on repairing articular cartilage defects with collagen complex gradient TCP].

OBJECTIVE: To repair the defects in articular cartilage with collagen complex gradient TCP in vivo and to study the regenerated cartilage histomorphologically. METHODS: The models of defects in articular cartilage were made artificially in both condylus lateralis femoris of mature rabbits, male or female, with the weight of 2.0-2.5 kg. The right defects were implanted with the material of Col/TCP as the experimental group and the left defects were untreated as the control group. The rabbits were killed at 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after operation, respectively, with 6 ones at each time, and the macroscopic, histological, ultrastructural examinations and semi-quantity cartilage scoring employing Wakitanifa repaired cartilage value system were performed. RESULTS: Four weeks after operation, the defects in the experimental group were partly filled with hyaline cartilage. Twelve weeks after operation, the defects in the experimental group were completely filled with mature hyaline cartilage. Twenty-four weeks after operation, regenerated cartilage had no cataplasia. However, fibrous tissues were seen in the control group all the time. At 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively, the Wakitanifa cartilage scores were 7.60 +/- 0.98, 5.69 +/- 0.58, 4.46 +/- 0.85, 4.35 +/- 0.12 and 4.41 +/- 0.58, respectively, in the experimental group and 10.25 +/- 1.05, 9.04 +/- 0.96, 8.96 +/- 0.88, 8.88 +/- 0.68 and 8.66 +/- 0.54, respectively, in the control group. At 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively, the collagen II contents were 0.28% +/- 0.01%, 0.59% +/- 0.03%, 0.68% +/- 0.02%, 0.89% +/- 0.02% and 0.90% +/- 0.01%, respectively, in the experimental group, while 0.08% +/- 0.02%, 0.09% +/- 0.04%, 0.11% +/- 0.03%, 0.25% +/- 0.03% and 0.29% +/- 0.01%, respectively, in the control group. Differences between the control group and the experimental group were significant (P < 0.05). By then, typical chondrocyte was observed by transmission electron microscope in the experimental group and much fiber with less fibrocyte was observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional scaffold collagen complex gradient TCP may induce cartilage regeneration to repair the defects of articular cartilage in vivo.