Exosomes-mediated transfer of LINC00691 regulates the formation of CAFs and promotes the progression of gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the malignant tumors with the highest mortality worldwide. Our previous studies have revealed that LINC00691 is up-regulated in serum of GC patients as a novel potential biomarker for GC diagnosis and prognosis. However, the roles of serum exosomal LINC00691 in GC has not been clarified. This study aimed to find the expression pattern of serum exosomal LINC00691 in GC patients and the correlation between the level of serum exosomal LINC00691 and the pathology of gastric cancer patients. METHODS: We collected the serum of 94 GC patients before surgery and extracted exosomes to detect the expression level of exosomal LINC00691, with 21 healthy volunteers and 17 patients with benign gastric diseases as controls. Surgical GC tissues and paired healthy tissues were collected to culture primary cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and normal fibroblasts (NFs). We then treated NFs with LINC00691-rich GC cell culture supernatant or exosomes and detected the activation markers and biological functions of the fibroblasts. RESULTS: The results of real-time qPCR indicated that the serum exosomal LINC00691 of GC patients was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects and patients with benign gastric diseases, and was associated with the clinicopathology of GC patients. More interestingly, when the NFs were treated with GC exosomes, the level of LINC00691 was significantly increased, the cell proliferation and migration were noticeably enhanced, and the ability to accelerate GC cell proliferation and invasion was promoted, which means that the induced fibroblasts gained the properties of CAFs. In addition, we found that knockdown of LINC00691 and the use of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitor ruxolitinib effectively deprived exosome-containing GC cell supernatants of the effects on NFs. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that exosomal LINC00691 promoted NFs to gained the properties of CAFs depending on JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway as a potential diagnostic biomarker for GC.

Progress of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling in immune response to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. The vast majority of primary liver cancer are hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to its high incidence and mortality from HCC, HCC has always been a feared type of cancer. Liver transplantation, as one of the important means to treat advanced liver cancer, has brought new hope to patients. However, as patients have been in a state of immunosuppression after liver transplantation, these patients face new problems of HCC recurrence and metastasis. A increasing number of studies have proved that blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and restoring the immune killing inhibition of T cells can produce better therapeutic effects on tumors and chronic infectious diseases. As a promising treatment in the field of tumor immunotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have achieved important results in liver cancer patients, but their application in liver transplantation patients is still highly controversial. This paper will introduce the mechanism of action of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and the current basic and clinical studies of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway associated with immune response in HCC transplantation.

Fertility intention and its affecting factors in China: A national cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Low fertility rate has become an inevitable problem globally. Although current policies have a certain effect on promoting fertility and raising the birth rate, the overall effect is not obvious to meet the need. Therefore, the exploration of fertility intention and its affecting factors is extremely significant. Methods: This study collected demographic data and the intention of respondents to have a second children, which focused on the factors that could affect fertility issues. 11,031 respondents were divided into non-fertile group (n = 5062) and fertile group (n = 5969) according to whether they had children or not, and the fertility group (n = 5969) were divided into group with 1-2 children (n = 5293) and group with ≥3 children (n = 676) according to the number of children. Non-fertility respondents aged 26-40 (n = 1369) were divided to explore the factors affecting the second-children intention. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the affecting factors. Results: It was revealed that gender [Male: OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.54-0.68], age [26-40: OR: 16.0, 95% CI: 13.4-19.1; 41-60: OR: 233.8, 95% CI: 186.7-292.6; >60: OR: 105.6, 95% CI: 77.1-144.6], political status [Partisans: OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.42-0.54], highest educational level [Middle school: OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.17-0.26; College degree or above: OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.08-0.11], whether having chronic disease [Yes: OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.60-2.38] and depression [Mild depression: OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.56-0.72; Moderate depression: OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.36-0.53; Moderate to severe depression: OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.35-0.57; Severe depression: OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.33-0.74] were important factors affecting fertility intention. We found that age [26-40: OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.08-0.15; 41-60: OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.12-0.18; >60: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66-0.99], region [Central China: OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.20-1.86; Western China: OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.41-2.18], resident place [Urban: OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.72], per capita monthly household income [6001-12000: OR: 0.63, 95% CI:0.46-0.83; ≥12,000: OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.20-2.80], political status [Non-partisans: OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09-0.69], highest educational level [Middle school: OR: 0.36, 95%CI: 0.27-0.46; College degree or above: OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.17-0.30] and anxiety [Moderate anxiety: OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.04-1.88; Severe anxiety: OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.26-3.80] were the main affecting factors for choosing the number of children. Furthermore, the second-children intention investigation in respondents aged 26-40 showed that gender [Male: OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.67-2.53], resident place [Urban: OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.72], per capita monthly household income [≥12,000: OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.23-2.82] and pressure [Severe pressure: OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.85] were the important factors. Conclusion: Region, educational level, psychological factors, income, political status and medical insurance were the important factors affecting the intention of fertility and the number of children. The government should take these factors into account when optimizing the existing policy.

Antinuclear antibodies in healthy population: Positive association with abnormal tissue metabolism, inflammation and immune dysfunction.

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are a spectrum of autoantibodies that react with cell nucleus structures. ANA assay is a screening test for the diagnosis of autoimmune disease. Although many patients with positive ANA did not develop autoimmune diseases, it is unclear whether high concentrations of ANA have potential damage to the body. In this study, we conducted an epidemiological survey of ANAs in healthy population, and further examined the associations of ANA with clinical laboratory indicators, inflammation indicators and immune function indicators in a large health checkup population-based cohort. We found the positive rate of ANA was 7.09%, of which the positive rate of female (10.2%) was higher than that of male (4.6%). Moreover, our data showed that ANA positive population present a higher rate of metabolic abnormalities than control group. We further detected the inflammatory and immune-related indicators of ANA positive population, and found that high ANA was correlated with inflammatory and immune dysfunction. In conclusion, our results indicated that the positive rate of ANA was high in healthy population. Moreover, high levels of ANAmight be involved in the metabolic abnormalities, inflammation and immune dysfunction. Thus, ANA testing should be routine for healthy people, and to avoid misdiagnosis, those who had clinical symptoms should be further examined for the subtype of ANA present in the serum.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Anti-PD-1, Anti-PD-L1, Anti-CTLA-4 and Their Combined Immunotherapy in Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) drugs is gradually becoming a hot topic in cancer treatment. To comprehensively evaluate the safety and efficacy of ICI drugs, we employed the Bayesian model and conducted a network meta-analysis in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and severe adverse events (AEs). Our study found that treatment with ipilimumab was significantly worse than standard therapies in terms of PFS, whereas treatment with cemiplimab significantly improved PFS. The results also indicated that cemiplimab was the best choice for PFS. Treatment with nivolumab, pembrolizumab and nivolumab plus ipilimumab significantly improved OS compared to standard therapies. In terms of OS, cemiplimab was found to be the best choice, whereas avelumab was the worst. In terms of severe AEs, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab all significantly reduced the risk of grade 3 or higher AEs compared to standard therapy. The least likely to be associated with severe AEs were as follows: cemiplimab, avelumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, and camrelizumab, with nivolumab plus ipilimumab to be the worst. Therefore, different ICI drug therapies may pose different risks in terms of PFS, OS and severe AEs. Our study may provide new insights and strategies for the clinical practice of ICI drugs.

The diagnostic and prognostic value of serum exosome-derived carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 in HEV-related acute liver failure patients.

Early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation are of great significance to hepatitis E virus (HEV)-related acute liver failure (HEV-ALF) patients. We collected serum samples from 200 health controls (HCs), 200 patients with acute hepatitis E (AHE), and 200 HEV-ALF patients to evaluate serum exosome-derived carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) levels and determine its diagnostic and prognostic value. The exosome-derived CPS1 levels in the HEV-ALF group were significantly higher than those in the AHE and HCs groups. The AUC of exosome-derived CPS1 to predict the occurrence of HEV-ALF was 0.850 (0.811-0.883). Both logistical regression and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed that exosome-derived CPS1 is an independent risk factor for HEV-ALF. The exosome-derived CPS1 levels were positively correlated with organ failure and the outcomes in HEV-ALF patients. The exosome-derived CPS1 levels in the worsening group were significantly higher than those in the fluctuating and the improving groups. The AUC of serum exosome-derived CPS1 to predict 30-day mortality was 0.829 (0.770-0.879), which was significantly greater than that of the Child-Pugh, KCH, and MELD models. The level of serum exosome-derived CPS1 might serve as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HEV-ALF patients, which may provide better guidance for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of HEV-ALF patients.

The Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were reported to have strong immunomodulatory ability, and inhibit the proliferation of T cells and their immune response through cell-to-cell interactions and the generation of cytokines. With high differentiation potential and self-renewal ability, MSCs are considered to function in alleviating inflammatory responses, promoting tissue regeneration and inhibiting tissue fibrosis formation. As the most common malignancies, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers have high incidence and mortality. The accurate diagnosis, exact prognosis and treatment of GI cancers have always been a hot topic. Therefore, the potential applications of MSCs in terms of GI cancers are receiving more and more attention. Recently, there is increasing evidence that MSCs may serve as a key point in the growth, metastasis, inhibition, treatment and prognosis of GI cancers. In this review, we summarized the roles of MSCs in GI cancers, mainly focusing on esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), liver cancer (LC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer. Besides, we proposed MSCs as potential targets and treatment strategies for the effective treatment of GI cancers, which may provide better guidance for the clinical treatment of GI cancers.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with plasma levels of Interferon-γ and viral load in patients with acute hepatitis E infection.

Few studies have focused on the effect of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection on gut microbiota. To explore the relationship between changes in gut microbiota and inflammatory factors and viral load, we conducted a comparative study of 33 patients with acute hepatitis E (AHE) patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs) using high-throughput 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing. Shannon and Simpson's indices showed no significant differences in bacterial diversity between the AHE and HCs groups. Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae were most abundant in the AHE group, which contributed to the difference between the gut microbiota of the AHE and HCs groups, and the same difference between the HEV-RNA-positive and HEV-RNA-negative groups. Functional prediction analysis showed that ribosome, purine metabolism, and two-component system were the top three pathways. Compared with the AHE group with normal interferon (IFN)-γ, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Xanthomonadaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were more abundant in the high-IFN-γ group. The abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was positively correlated with the level of serum alanine transaminase and total bilirubin. The abundance of Gammaproteobacteria could discriminate AHE patients from HCs, and could better predict the severity of AHE patients. We believe that our findings will contribute toward a novel treatment strategy for AHE.

Cavernous Nerve Injury Resulted Erectile Dysfunction and Regeneration.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an important cause of reduced quality of life for men and their partners. Recent studies have found that cavernous nerve injury (CNI) during prostate cancer surgery and other pelvic surgery results in medically induced CNIED in more than 80% of patients. The efficacy of first- and second-line treatment options for ED is poor. A great deal of research has been devoted to exploring new methods of neuroprotection and nerve regeneration to save erectile function in patients with CNIED, especially in patients with cavernous nerve injury after prostate cancer surgery. In addition, such as neuromodulatory proteins, proimmune ligands, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and the current cutting-edge low-energy shock wave therapy have shown advantages in basic research and limited clinical studies. In the context of today's modern medicine, these new therapeutic techniques are expected to be new tools in the treatment of cavernous nerve injury erectile dysfunction. This article presents the main causes, mechanisms, and treatment of cavernous nerve injury erectile dysfunction and combines them with new treatment strategies.

Diagnostic Value of sIL-2R, TNF-α and PCT for Sepsis Infection in Patients With Closed Abdominal Injury Complicated With Severe Multiple Abdominal Injuries.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), procalcitonin (PCT), and combined detection for sepsis infection in patients with closed abdominal injury complicated with severe multiple abdominal injuries. Patients and Methods: One hundred forty patients with closed abdominal injury complicated with severe multiple abdominal injuries who were diagnosed and treated from 2015 to 2020 were divided into a sepsis group (n = 70) and an infection group (n = 70). Results: The levels of sIL-2R, TNF-α, and PCT in the sepsis group were higher than those in the infection group (p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of sIL-2R, TNF-α, PCT and sIL-2R+TNF-a+PCT were 0.827, 0.781, 0.821, and 0.846, respectively, which were higher than those of white blood cells (WBC, 0.712), C-reactive protein (CRP, 0.766), serum amyloid A (SAA, 0.666), and IL-6 (0.735). The AUC of the three combined tests was higher than that of TNF-α, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the AUCs of sIL-2R and TNF-α, sIL-2R and PCT, TNF-α and PCT, the three combined tests and sIL-2R, and the three combined tests and PCT (p > 0.05). When the median was used as the cut point, the corrected sIL-2R, TNF-α, and PCT of the high-level group were not better than those of the low-level group (p > 0.05). When the four groups were classified by using quantile as the cut point, the OR risk values of high levels of TNF-α and PCT (Q4) and the low level of PCT (Q1) after correction were 7.991 and 21.76, respectively, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The detection of sIL-2R, TNF-α, and PCT has good value in the diagnosis of sepsis infection in patients with closed abdominal injury complicated with severe multiple abdominal injuries. The high concentrations of PCT and TNF-α can be used as predictors of the risk of septic infection.

Drug-Induced Liver Disturbance During the Treatment of COVID-19.

An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. The World Health Organization named the resulting infectious disease as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Many studies concluded that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have different degrees of liver disturbance. However, the relationship between the drugs used for COVID-19 treatment and liver disturbance remains controversial. It is essential to evaluate the potential liver damage caused by various drugs in order to help guide clinical practice. This review analyzed the effect of drugs on hepatic function during the treatment of COVID-19.

Dual inhibition of EGFR and IL-6-STAT3 signalling by miR-146b: a potential targeted therapy for epithelial ovarian cancer.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling and the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are aberrantly activated in ovarian cancer. However, inhibition of EGFR signalling in ovarian cancer patients resulted in a disappointing clinical benefit. In this study, we found that EGFR could activate IL-6-STAT3 pathway in ovarian cancer cells. However, we also demonstrated that EGFR knockdown could increase STAT3 phosphorylation in HO8910 and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells. Interestingly, we further demonstrated that the non-coding RNA miR-146b could simultaneously block both the EGFR and IL-6-STAT3 pathways. Finally, our data demonstrated that miR-146b overexpression resulted in a greater suppression of cell migration than STAT3 pathway inhibition alone.These results suggest a complex and heterogeneous role of EGFR in ovarian cancer. Combined blockade of EGFR and IL-6-STAT3 pathways by miR-146b might be a strategy for improving the clinical benefit of targeting the EGFR pathway in ovarian cancer patients in the future.

Immunological Manifestations of Hepatitis E-Associated Acute and Chronic Liver Failure and Its Regulatory Mechanisms.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of viral hepatitis in developing countries, most commonly transmitted through the fecal-oral route. The virus is mainly of genotypes (GT) 1 and GT2 genotypes, and patients usually show symptoms of acute hepatitis. Due to the rising trend of HEV serological prevalence in global population, HEV has become an important public health problem in developed countries. Severe hepatitis caused by HEV includes acute and chronic liver failure (ACLF). ACLF frequently occurs in developed countries and is caused by overlapping chronic liver diseases of HEV with genotypes GT3 and GT4. Because the onset of hepatitis E is closely associated with immunity, it is critical to understand the immunological mechanism of hepatitis E associated with acute and chronic liver failure (HEV-ACLF). This review discusses the immunological manifestations and mechanisms of HEV-ACLF, intrahepatic immune microenvironment and treatment, and raises outstanding questions about the immunological mechanism and treatment of the disease.

Enhanced LINC01061 Levels as a Serum Biomarker in Gastric Cancer and Promotion of Malignant Transformation.

BACKGROUND: The genomic copy number of LINC01061 is amplified in papillary thyroid cancer. However, its role in gastric cancer is not clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissues and serum of GC patients were collected to detect the expression of LINC01061 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). ShRNA were applied to knock down the expression of LINC01061. Growth curves and colony formation experiments were applied to evaluate cell growth. Cell migration was assessed by transwell migration experiments. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: The expression of LINC01061 was upregulated in tissues and serum of GC patients and it was associated with the clinicopathological features and survival time. Functional study indicated that cell growth and migration were suppressed after LINC01061 knockdown. Cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis occurred when LINC01061 expression was inhibited. EMT was also impaired combined with a decrease in ß-catenin expression after LINC01061 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that LINC01061 is a novel biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of GC. LINC01061 promoted progression of GC through cell cycle regulation and EMT.

Overexpression of LINC00691 promotes the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells via the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signalling pathway.

This report aims to explore how LINC00691 regulates the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer (GC). Clinical tissue and serum samples, as well as specimens in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, were used to analyse the expression of LINC00691 in GC. Our data indicated that the expression of LINC00691 in GC was significantly higher than that in healthy controls and was associated with clinicopathological features and survival time. In the GC cell lines MKN-45 and HGC-27, the knockdown of LINC00691 suppressed proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene experiments showed that LINC00691 activated Lin28 transcription. Western blot analysis indicated that the knockdown of LINC00691 contributed to the decreased expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in GC cells. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway inhibitor ruxolitinib effectively suppressed the effects of LINC00691. In addition, both LINC00691 and Lin28 promoted the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Therefore, our study clarified that LINC00691 is highly expressed in GC and is a potential biomarker for GC diagnosis and prognosis. LINC00691 promotes the proliferation and invasion of GC cells by activating Lin28 transcription and facilitating EGF expression through the JAK/STAT signalling pathway, which provides new ideas for targeted therapy of GC.

ATF3 and PRAP1 play important roles in cisplatin-induced damages in microvascular endothelial cells.

BACKGROUND: The early intervention is a rational approach to reduce the cardiovascular disease mortality in cancer patients. Here, we tried to identify potential biomarkers for the endothelial damage caused by cisplatin, a typical chemotherapy compound, and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Microarray dataset GSE62523 were utilized to assess the gene differential expression from human micro-vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) treated with cisplatin. Then, the potential key genes were further validated by qRT-PCR and the γH2AX level was evaluated to monitor the DNA damages caused by cisplatin. RESULT: For the 'acute-exposure' settings that HMEC-1 were treated with 12.9 µM cisplatin for 6, 24 and 48 h, ATF3, LRRTM2, VCAM1 and PAPPA were identified as potential key genes in endothelial damage, while for the 'chronic-exposure' settings that cells were exposed to 0.52 µM cisplatin twice a week, SULF2, ACTA2 and PRAP1 were identified. In addition, further in vitro validation showed that knockdown of ATF3 attenuated the γH2AX level in cells exposed to cisplatin for 6 or 24 h and knockdown of PRAP1 increased the γH2AX level in cells exposed to cisplatin for 2 days. Notably, ATF3 has the ability to regulate the expression of HIST1H1D, FBXO6, APP, MDM2, STAT1 and TRAF1, while PRAP1 regulates YWHAB, MDM2, ISG15, LYN and CUL1 during cisplatin-induced DNA damage repair process. CONCLUSION: ATF3 and PRAP1 play important roles in cisplatin-induced DNA damage repair process. They may serve as potential early surrogate biomarkers of microvascular endothelial damage for cancer patients receiving chemotherapies.

RpoS Affects Gene Expression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Under Early Hyperosmotic Stress.

During the infectious procedure of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), Salmonella would suffer from some severe environmental stresses, such as gastric acid stress, enteric hyperosmotic stress, bile acids stress, and oxidative stress. S. Typhi must regulate the expression of numerous genes through the complex regulatory network to adapt strict stresses. RpoS, which encodes sigma factor σs, was reported to be a very important regulator in the maximal survival of enteric pathogens including S. enterica in the stress conditions. However, the role of RpoS in S. Typhi under early hyperosmotic stress is not clear. In this study, we prepared the RpoS-deleted mutant (△RpoS) and compared the growth of △RpoS and wild-type strain. In addition, we analyzed its global transcription profile under early hyperosmotic stress by a microarray. The results showed that △RpoS grew significantly slower than wild-type strain and 24 genes displayed differential expression between the wild-type strain and ΔRpoS upon 30-min exposure in the high osmolarity. Most of these genes are associated with enzymes of metabolism. Taken together, our study firstly demonstrated that RpoS affects gene expression in S. Typhi under early hyperosmotic stress and may impact the growth of bacteria by regulating bacterial metabolic enzymes.

APOA5 -1131T/C polymorphism is associated with coronary artery disease in a Chinese population: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Functional studies suggest that the APOA5 -1131T/C polymorphism plays an important role in triglyceride (TG) metabolism, which is an event contributing to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, genetic evidence of its effect on CAD is inconsistent. To assess this correlation, we performed a meta-analysis of published data. METHODS: A comprehensive meta-analysis was performed on nine published studies, with a total sample of 2049 subjects and 2373 controls using a fixed effect model. RESULTS: Under the fixed effect model, the risk of the disease was significantly higher in subjects with CC genotype in comparison with both TT (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.64-2.41) and TC (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.22-1.80) subjects. Compared with TT homozygotes, there was 43% increase in the incidence of CAD (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.26-1.61) of C carriers (CC+TC). There was no heterogeneity for these effect estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the view that -1131T/C polymorphism of the APOA5 gene is associated with CAD and the C allele might be a genetic risk factor that increases susceptibility to CAD.

[Association of apolipoprotein A5 gene -1131T/C polymorphism with lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in patients with type II diabetes mellitus].

The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) -1131T/C polymorphism in Zhenjiang and its effects on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in type II diabetes mellitus(DM) patients. The genotypes of APOA5 -1131T/C polymorphism were determined in 152 healthy individuals and 71 type II DM patients by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Serum levels of lipids, glucose and insulin in these subjects were also estimated by biochemical methods. The frequency of the APOA5-1131C allele in DM patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.430 vs 0.296, P = 0.006). When compared with the TT genotype, CC homozygotes had a significantly increased DM risk (OR=3.75, 95% CI: 1.57-8.92). In the DM group, the serum levels of triglyceride (TG) of C carriers (TC+CC) were significantly higher than those of non-C carriers (TT) (P 0.01), and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c) in subjects with the CC genotype were also significantly higher than those with the TT genotype (P 0.05). However, there was no significance in profiles of insulin resistance in various genotypes in both groups. The APOA5 single nucleotide polymorphism was associ-ated with serum TG level in the population. The -1131C allele contributed to the increase of serum levels of TG, TC and LDL-c and but had no effect on profiles of insulin resistance in DM patients. The APOA5 -1131C allele may be associated with increased susceptibility to type II diabetes mellitus.

Association of APOA5 c.553G>T polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Several independent population studies have reported that c.553G>T polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) is associated with hypertriglyceridaemia. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between this genetic variation and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: In this study, APOA5 c.553G>T polymorphisms in 152 healthy individuals and 71 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and agarose electrophoresis methods, and serum levels of lipids were also estimated by biochemical methods. RESULTS: The frequency of T alleles in the diabetes and control groups was 0.085 and 0.049, respectively. Compared with controls, there was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of c.553G>T polymorphic sites in diabetic patients (p=0.27 and p=0.15, respectively). However, the frequency of GT and TT genotypes and the T allele in the subgroup with hypertriglyceridaemia was significantly higher than that in the subgroup with normal triglyceridaemia in both the control group (p=0.034 and p=0.014, respectively) and the diabetes group (p=0.037 and p=0.007, respectively). In the diabetes and control groups, triglyceride levels in (GT+TT) genotype individuals were significantly higher than in GG genotype individuals (p=0.001 and p=0.003, respectively), and levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also significantly higher (p=0.044 and p=0.022, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: APOA5 c.553G>T polymorphism is not significantly associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus, but is associated with plasma triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.