[INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MAJOR MALARIA VECTORS IN UZBEKISTAN].

The resistance of Anopheles artemievi to DDT (26.7%) and propoxur (80.0%) was established in the kishlak of Chubat, Bulungursky District, Samarkand Viloyati and that in the kishlak of Rastguzar, Uichinsky District, Namangan Viloyati, was 45.0 and 22.5%, respectively. In the kishlak of Navruz, Kanlikulsky District, Republic of Karakalpakstan, there was reduced propoxur susceptibil- ity (90.0% An. superpictus death); in other human settle- ments, An. artemievi was susceptible--100% death in the use of the test insecticides. An. superpictus proved to be susceptive to 7 test insecticides (other than propoxur). In Uzbekistan, the resistance of An. artemievi was noted only in a small area. Among the major malaria vectors, An. superpictus remained susceptible to pyrethroid insec- ticides.

[Behavioral features of the imago of malaria mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae, Anopheles) in uzbekistan].

Morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic analyses made in the Fergana, Chirchik-Akhangaran, Mirzachul, and Zarafshan physicogeographical districts of Uzbekistan revealed the closely related species An. artemievi malaria mosquito from the An. maculipennis complex. In the human settlements and natural biotopes under their canopy of 7 physicogeographical districts of Uzbekistan, there were 6 Anopheles mosquito species (An. artemievi, An. claviger, An. hyrcanus, An.martinius, An. pulcherrimus, and An. superpictus); An. superpictus is a dominant species in the human settlements and An. artemievi in subdominant. An.pulcherrimus was dominant and An. superpictus was subdominant under natural canopy conditions. The latter is of widespread occurrence in the mountain and piedmont areas of Uzbekistan. It is encountered in all the physicogeographical districts. An. artemievi is distributed in the river valleys in the Fergana, Chirchik-Akhangaran, Mirzachul, and Zarafshan physicogeographical districts. An. pulcherrimus is common in the plain river valleys, except in the Qashqadaryo physicogeographical district. An. martinius is found in the Qashqadaryo and Nizhneamudryo physicogeographical districts. Livestock houses are the most attractive day's rests for mosquitoes; utility rooms rank next in mosquito density. Housing premises are slightly occupied by mosquitoes. The maximum size of aggressive mosquitoes is noted in July, August, and early September.

[Detection of Anopheles artemievi (Diptera, Culicidae) in Uzbekistan].

An. artemievi was diagnosed by morphological and molecular genetic analyses in the Fergana valley, Uzbekistan, in 2008-2009. Four species of the genus Anopheles: An. superpictus, An. artemievi, An. hyrcanus, and An. claviger inhabiting the irrigated oases with the bulk of population were detected in the Fergana valley. An. artemievi and An. superpictus were prevalent in the foci of malaria. An. artemievi larvae inhabited the rice fields, springs, collection-drainage systems, and water reservoirs enriched in oxygen. The most attractive day's rest for mosquitoes was a cattle house where their bulk (on average 41.8%) was present. Next was cattle sheds, with the mosquitoes averaging 26.4%. An. artemievi, attacked human beings in the field conditions. This species showed a high susceptibility to test insecticides, such as propoxur, cipermethrin, deltamethrin, and lambda-Cyhalothrin.

[Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of the Tien Shan: morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic analysis].

Morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic studies of the Anopheles fauna in the valley and foothills of the Tien Shan identified 5 species of malaria mosquitoes: An. artemievi Gordeev et al., An. messeae Fall, An. claviger Meigen, An. hyrcanus Pallas, An. pulcherrimus Theobald, and superpictus Grassi. An. claviger, An. hyrcanus, and An. messeae were prevalent in the Northern Tien-Shan. An. artemievi, An. claviger, An. hyrcanus, An. messeae, and An. superpictus were detected in the Western Tien Shan. An. artemievi was first recorded in Kazakhstan. An. artemievi, An. claviger, and An. superpictus were noted in the Inferior Tien Shan. An. messeae was first observed in the Issyk Kul hollow. An. artemievi, An. claviger, and An. superpictus were habitants of the foothills of the South-Western Tien Shan. An. artemievi, An. hyrcanus, An. superpictus, and An. pulcherrimus were in the plain. An. pulcherrimus and An. superpicts mosquitoes are regarded as important vectors in the new malaria foci of the Fergana regions. The role of An. artemievi in the transmission of malaria is to be specified.

[Monitoring of the insecticidal resistance of main malaria vectors in Uzbekistan]. / Monitoring resistentnosti k insektitsidam osnovnykh perenoschikov malarii na territorii Uzbekistana.

In the Fergana valley, the sensitivity of Anopheles maculipennis to DDT was moderate (82.5% death rates) and that to carbamate agents (bendiocarb, 43.5%, and propoxur, 13.0%) was decreased. There was its high sensitivity to pyrethroidal insecticides, such as deltamethrin, lambdacigalothrin, and cifluthrin (100% death rates). The population was moderately resistant to carbamates: bendiocarb and propoxur (69.3 and 77.2% death rates, respectively). In the piedmont and mountainous districts of the Surkhandarya Region, A. superpictus is highly sensitive to all tested drugs. In the plain area of the Samarkand Area, the sensitivity of A. maculipennis to the insecticides, such as fenitrothion, propoxur, and permethrin, was 98.3, 92.3, and 97.0% death rates, respectively; the Tashkent, Dzhizak, and Surkhandaryinsk A. pulcherrimus population retained a normal sensitivity to all tested agents (94.4-100% death rates). The diapausing female A. superpictus mosquitoes in the population from the Fergana valley were found to be resistant to DDT (82.8% death rates) and highly resistant to malathion (43.8%), fenitrothion (38.8%), bendiocarb (2.7%), and propoxur (7.0%); the Tashkent and Surkhandaryinsk populations were also considerably resistant to these agents (35.3-89.6% death rates).

[Testing the efficiency of Bacillus thuringien israelesis against mosquito larvae in Uzbekistan]. / Ispytaniia éffektivnosti Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis protiv lichinok komarov v Uzbekistane.

Experiments were conducted in the potential and neighboring malarious areas in the flood plains of the Tupalang River in the Sarias District, Surkhandarya Region, Uzbekistan. They have indicated that the numbers of larvae of pp. Culex and Aedes within the first 24 hours after treatment with BTI drastically reduced with all test doses (0.01-5.0 g/m2) and 92.3-100% larval deaths were recorded. At the same time the efficacy of the drugs retained for more than 7 days (100% death), i.e. throughout the observations. The second experiment have shown that all the test dosage forms of BTI drugs against An. superpictus larvae within 5 days after treatment of water reservoirs displayed virtually a 100% efficacy; on day 7, their efficacy slightly decreased, but remained rather high (75.4-99.7%). On day 14, drugs as granules and emulsions showed a noticeable reduction in their efficacy while the efficacy of powder-like drugs was in the range of 64.2-100%. The power-like drug Vectobac WDG in doses of 0.05-0.2 g/m2 exhibited the longest efficacy (87.6-100%). There was a noticeable increase in the numbers of mosquitoes in the control water reservoirs on days 7 and 14 of experiments.