Effects of Malate Ringer's solution on myocardial injury in sepsis and enforcement effects of TPP@PAMAM-MR.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial dysfunction played a vital role in organ damage after sepsis. Fluid resuscitation was the essential treatment in which Lactate Ringer's solution (LR) was commonly used. Since LR easily led to hyperlactatemia, its resuscitation effect was limited. Malate Ringer's solution (MR) was a new resuscitation crystal liquid. Whether MR had a protective effect on myocardial injury in sepsis and the relevant mechanism need to be studied. METHODS: The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) inducing septic model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulating cardiomyocytes were used, and the cardiac function, the morphology and function of mitochondria were observed. The protective mechanism of MR on myocardial injury was explored by proteomics. Then the effects of TPP@PAMAM-MR, which consisted of the mitochondria- targeting polymer embodied malic acid, was further observed. RESULTS: Compared with LR, MR resuscitation significantly prolonged survival time, improved the cardiac function, alleviated the damages of liver, kidney and lung following sepsis in rats. The proteomics of myocardial tissue showed that differently expressed proteins between MR and LR infusion involved oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis. Further study found that MR decreased ROS, improved the mitochondrial morphology and function, and ultimately enhanced mitochondrial respiration and promoted ATP production. Moreover, MR infusion decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and increased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. TPP@PAMAM@MA was a polymer formed by wrapping L-malic acid with poly amido amine (PAMAM) modified triphenylphosphine material. TPP@PAMAM-MR (TPP-MR), which was synthesized by replacing the L-malic acid of MR with TPP@PAMAM@MA, was more efficient in targeting myocardial mitochondria and was superior to MR in protecting the sepsis-inducing myocardial injury. CONCLUSION: MR was suitable for protecting myocardial injury after sepsis. The mechanism was related to MR improving the function and morphology of cardiomyocyte mitochondria and inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The protective effect of TPP-MR was superior to MR.

BmncRNAdb: a comprehensive database of non-coding RNAs in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play critical roles in a wide range of developmental processes of higher organisms. Recently, lncRNAs have been widely identified across eukaryotes and many databases of lncRNAs have been developed for human, mouse, fruit fly, etc. However, there is rare information about them in the only completely domesticated insect, silkworm (Bombyx mori). DESCRIPTION: In this study, we systematically scanned lncRNAs using the available silkworm RNA-seq data and public unigenes. Finally, we identified and collected 6281 lncRNAs in the silkworm. Besides, we also collected 1986 microRNAs (miRNAs) from previous studies. Then, we organized them into a comprehensive and web-based database, BmncRNAdb. This database offers a user-friendly interface for data browse and online analysis as well as the three online tools for users to predict the target genes of lncRNA or miRNA. CONCLUSIONS: We have systematically identified and collected the silkworm lncRNAs and constructed a comprehensive database of the silkworm lncRNAs and miRNAs. This work gives a glimpse into lncRNAs of the silkworm and lays foundations for the ncRNAs study of the silkworm and other insects in the future. The BmncRNAdb is freely available at http://gene.cqu.edu.cn/BmncRNAdb/index.php .