Conservative treatment of congenital radial head subluxation and non-traumatic elbow locking: A case report.

Congenital radial head subluxation is relatively rare and may be overlooked due to mild symptoms. The diagnosis mainly relies on imaging and history. Observation is an option for those with insignificant symptoms, while surgical intervention, such as ulnar osteotomy or arthroscopy, is often required when dysfunction exists. A 30-year-old man was admitted with congenital radial head dislocation, which was treated with manipulative repositioning. During follow-up, the patient regained the original mobility of the elbow joint and had no recurrence of dislocation. In conclusion, in adults with congenital dislocation of the radial head, we recommend conservative treatment as a first step.

Programming lipopeptide nanotherapeutics for tandem treatment of postsurgical infection and melanoma recurrence.

Tumor recurrence and chronic bacterial infection constitute two major criteria in postsurgical intervention for malignant melanoma. One plausible strategy is the equipment of consolidation therapy after surgery, which relies on adjuvants to eliminate the residual tumor cells and inhibit bacterial growth. Until now, a number of proof-of-concept hybrid nanoadjuvants have been proposed to combat tumor recurrence and postsurgical bacterial infection, which may suffer from the potential bio-unsafety or involve complex design and synthesis. The batch-to-batch inconsistencies in drug composition further delay the clinical trials. To circumvent these issues, herein we develop a programmable strategy to generate lipopeptide nanotherapeutics with identical constitution for tandem intervention of postsurgical bacterial infection and cancer recurrence of melanoma. Increasing the number of hydrophobic linoleic acid within lipopeptides has been found to be a simple and practical strategy to improve the therapeutic outcomes for both tumor cells and bacteria. Self-assembled lipopeptide nanotherapeutics with two linoleic acid molecules possesses excellent antitumor activity and antimicrobial function toward both susceptible strains and drug-resistant bacteria. Arising from the incorporation of unsaturated linoleic acid, the unavoidable hemolysis of cationic peptide drugs was effectively alleviated. In vivo therapeutic abilities of postsurgical infection and tumor recurrence were investigated in BALB/c nude mice bearing a B16-F10 tumor model, with an incomplete surgical resection and in situ infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Self-assembled lipopeptide nanotherapeutics could effectively inhibit cancer cell growth and bacterial infection, as well as promote wound healing. The easily scalable large-scale production, broad-spectrum antitumor and antibacterial bioactivities as well as fixed component endows lipopeptide nanotherapeutics as promising adjuvants for clinically postsurgical therapy of melanoma.

[Effects of integration of micro-sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen on growth and development of winter wheat and water and fertilizer use efficiency]. / 微喷灌水氮一体化对冬小麦生长发育和水肥利用效率的影响.

Under the same irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate and after the corn stalks being returned to the field in the wheat-corn crop rotation area, we examined the effects of the integrated water and nitrogen mode of micro-sprinkler irrigation on the growth and development and water and fertilizer use efficiency of winter wheat. In 2016-2018, we conducted a two-year field experiment with six types of micro-sprinkler irrigation water and nitrogen integration modes and seven treatments during the growth period, and investigated the population dynamics, dry matter accumulation transfer during the filling period, and nutrient accumulation during the mature period. There were three modes of irrigation, W1(overwintering water + jointing water + grouting water, 600 m3·hm-2 for each), W2(overwintering water + regreening water + jointing water + grouting water, each for 450 m3·hm-2), and W3(600 m3·hm-2 each for overwintering water and jointing water, and 300 m3·hm-2 each for regreening water and grouting water); two modes of nitrogen application, N1(basic nitrogen application 60% + jointing water nitrogen topdressing 40%) and N2 (basic nitrogen application 60% + jointing water nitrogen topdressing 30% + grouting water nitrogen topdressing 10%); with no fertilization under W1 as control (CK). The results showed that: 1) The amount of overwintering water irrigation increased from 450 m3·hm-2to 600 m3·hm-2, which was beneficial to the total number of both stems and panicles in the overwintering period and consequently to yield. Irrigation in the regreening stage increased the total number of stems at the jointing stage, but with limited effect on the number of panicles. Applying more nitrogen at the jointing stage increased the number of stems per plant, but decreased that of panicles. 2) Four times of irrigation (W2 and W3) during the growth period, combined with nitrogen (N2) in the jointing and filling phases, were conducive to the accumulation of dry matter during the filling period, increasing the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight, thereby increasing yield. 3) Compared with the three times of irrigation treatment during the growth period, water consumption and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under the four times of irrigation treatment were increased, and water and fertilizer use efficiency was improved. In W2 and W3 under the treatment of four times irrigation, water consumption of N2 during the growth period was lower than N1, absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were higher than N1, and the irrigation and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were significantly improved, of which W3N2 had the best effect. Therefore, W3N2 treatment (sowing winter wheat after returning corn stalks to the field, irrigating four times during the growth period of micro-sprinkler irrigation, increasing the amount of overwintering water and jointing water irrigation to 600 m3·hm-2, combined with jointing water and filling water topdressing nitrogen fertilizer) increased spike number and 1000-grain weight of wheat andincreased yield, with the highest water and fertilizer use efficiency. It was the best water and nitrogen management mode for the integration of micro-sprinkler irrigation and water and fertilizer for winter wheat in southern Shanxi.

[Regulation effects of irrigation methods and nitrogen application on soil water, nitrate, and wheat growth and development]. / 灌溉方法与施氮对土壤水分、硝态氮和小麦生长发育的调控效应.

Field experiments were conducted to examine the effects of flooding irrigation (FI), micro-sprinkler irrigation (SI), drip irrigation (DI), combined with nitrogen application (N1:157.5 kg·hm-2 as basal, 67.5 kg·hm-2 top dressed at jointing stage; N2:157.5 kg·hm-2 as ba-sal, 45 kg·hm-2 and 22.5 kg·hm-2 top dressed at jointing stage and filling stage, respectively) on soil moisture, nitrate (NO3--N) content, and wheat growth and development, under maize straw returning to field. Results showed that irrigation methods and nitrogen application modes affected soil water content and soil water storage (SWS). Irrigation methods had limited effect on soil water content in the 0-60 cm soil depth at the wintering and re-greening stages, 0-160 cm soil depth at the booting and filling stages, 100-160 cm soil depth at the mature stage, but had substantial effect on water content in the 80-160 cm soil depth at the wintering and re-greening stages, 0-80 cm soil depth at the mature stage. The effects of irrigation methods on water content and SWS were in the order of FI>DI>SI. Under SI and DI, water content, SWS of soil layers, and their changes increased with increasing irrigation rate. Nitrogen application had obvious effect on NO3--N content in the 0-20 cm soil depth. In the SI, variation of NO3--N content among different growth stages was evident. In the DI, changes of NO3--N content were non-evident during wintering and booting stages, and were evident after booting stage, with opposite change treand in the FI. In general, NO3--N content was influenced by irrigation rate at early and middle stages of wheat growth, but was mainly affected by N application at late stage. In the SI and DI, NO3--N content changed larger by irrigation rate before winter. Total stem number and tillers per plant during overwintering period, panicle number rate, panicle number, yield, WUE and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were in the order of SI>DI>FI. In the SI and DI, total stem number and panicle number were higher in the N1 than that in the N2, but grain number per panicle, 1000-grain mass, yield, WUE and NUE were lower. Sowing wheat after maize straw returning to the field, replacing FI with micro-sprinkler irrigation four times during the wheat growth period, applying sufficient basal fertilizer and then topdressing at jointing and filling stages, are the high-efficiency and water-saving cultivation strategies of wheat in wheat-maize double cropping area in southern Shanxi.

[Effects of deep plowing time during the fallow period on water storage-consumption characteristics and wheat yield in dry-land soil.] / 休闲期深翻时间对旱地麦田土壤水分特性和小麦产量的影响.

Through a three-year field trail, effects of deep plowing time during the fallow period on water storage of 0-200 cm soil before sowing, water consumption of growth period, and growth and development of wheat were investigated. Results demonstrated that soil water storage (SWS) of the fallow period was influenced by deep plowing time, precipitation, and rainfall distribution. With postponing the time of deep plowing in the fallow period, SWS was increased firstly, and then decreased. SWS with deep plowing in early or middle of August was 23.9-45.8 mm more than that with deep plowing in mid-July. It would benefit SWS when more precipitation occurred in the fallow period or more rainfall was distributed in August and September. Deep plowing at a proper time could facilitate SWS, N and P absorption of wheat, and the number of stems before winter and the spike number. The yield of wheat with deep plowing in early or middle August was 3.67%-18.2% higher than that with deep plowing in mid-July, and it was positively correlated with water storage of 0-200 cm soil during the fallow period and SWS of each soil layer during the wheat growth period. However, this correlation coefficient would be weakened by adequate rainfall in spring, the critical growing period for wheat. The time of deep plowing mainly affected the water consumption at soil layer of 60-140 cm during wheat growth. Under current farming conditions of south Shanxi, the increased grain yield of wheat could be achieved by combining the measures of high wheat stubble and wheat straw covering for holding soil water and deep plowing between the Beginning of Autumn (August 6th) and the Limit of Heat (August 21st) for promoting soil water penetration characteristics to improve the number of stems before winter and spike.

[Effects of different tillage methods on phospholipid fatty acids and enzyme activities in calcareous cinnamon soil].

In order to study changes of physical and chemical characteristics and microbial activities in soil under different tillage methods, effects of four tillage methods, rotary tillage (RT), subsoil tillage (ST), conventional tillage (CT) with corn straw returned to soil, and rotary tillage with no corn straw returned to soil (CK), on phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) characteristics and hydrolase enzymes activities in calcareous cinnamon soil were investigated. The results showed that soil hydrolase enzymes activities, nutrient contents, microbial diversity varied greatly with the different tillage methods. Returning corn straw to soil increased the kinds, amount of soil total PLFAs, bacteria PLFAs and actonomycetes PLFAs, while decreased the fungi PLFAs, indicating that fungi was more adaptable than bacteria to an infertile environment. ST and CT resulted in higher amounts of total PLFAs, which were 74.7% and 53.3% higher than that of CK, indicating they were more beneficial to the growth of plants. They could also improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase alk-phosphatase, protease and urease activities, which would provide a favorable soil condition for high and stable crop yields.

[Effects of irrigation time on the growth and water- and fertilizer use efficiencies of winter wheat].

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of irrigation time before wintering (November 10th, November 25th, and December 10th) and in spring (March 5th, re-greening stage; and April 5th, jointing stage) on the growth, dry matter translocation, water use efficiency (WUE), and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) of winter wheat after returning corn straw into soil. The irrigation time before wintering mainly affected the wheat population size before wintering and at jointing stage, whereas the irrigation time in spring mainly affected the spike number, grain yield, dry matter translocation, WUE, and FUE. The effects of irrigation time before wintering to the yield formation of winter wheat were closely related to the irrigation time in spring. When the irrigation time in spring was at re-greening stage, the earlier the irrigation time before wintering, the larger the spike number and the higher the grain yield; when the irrigation time in spring was at jointing stage, the delay of the irrigation time before wintering made the spike number and grain yield decreased after an initial increase, the kernel number per plant increased, while the 1000-kernel mass was less affected. The WUE, nutrition uptake, and FUE all decreased with the delay of the irrigation time before wintering, but increased with the delay of the irrigation time in spring. Therefore, under the conditions of returning corn straw into soil and sowing when the soil had enough moisture, to properly advance the irrigation time before wintering could make the soil more compacted, promote the tillering and increase the population size before winter, and in combining the increased irrigation at jointing stage, could control the invalid tillering in early spring, increase the spiking rate, obtain stable kernel mass, and thus, increase the WUE and FUE, realizing water-saving and high efficiency for winter wheat cultivation.

[Effects of irrigation mode on winter wheat yield and water- and nutrient use efficiencies under maize straw returning to field].

In 2008-2010, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different irrigation modes on the grain yield, dry matter translocation, water use efficiency (WUE), and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of winter wheat under maize straw returning to the field in a semi-arid and semi-humid monsoon region of Linfen, Shanxi Province of Northwest China. Irrigation at wintering time promoted tillering, irrigation at jointing stage increased the total tiller number and the fertile spike rate per tiller, whereas irrigation at booting stage promoted the dry matter accumulation in spike and increased the 1000-kernel mass. When the irrigation was implemented at two growth stages and the second irrigation time was postponed, both the dry matter translocation to leaf and the kernels per spike increased. Irrigation twice throughout the whole growth season induced a higher NUE and higher dry matter accumulation in spike, as compared to irrigation once. The irrigation amount at wintering time and the total irrigation amount had lesser effects on the tillering and the dry matter accumulation in spike. Increasing irrigation amount at jointing stage or booting stage more benefited the nutrient uptake, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and grain WUE, which in turn made the yield-formation factors be more balance and the grain yield be higher. It was concluded that to guarantee the irrigation amount at wintering time could achieve stabilized yield, and the optimal irrigation mode was irrigation at wintering time plus an additional irrigation at jointing stage (900 m3 hm(-2)), which could satisfy the water demand of winter wheat at its mid and later growth stage and increase the WUE of grain, and realize water-saving and high-yielding cultivation.

[Effects of sowing date and planting density on the grain' s protein component and quality of strong and medium gluten winter wheat cultivars].

In a field experiment with split-split plot design, the effects of sowing date and planting density on the grain's protein component and quality of strong gluten wheat cultivar Linyou 145 and medium gluten wheat cultivar Linyou 2018 were studied. The results showed that proper sowing date brought the highest protein content and yield in wheat grain. With sowing date postponed, the grain's gliadin and glutenin contents of Linyou 145 increased obviously, while those of Linyou 2018 changed little. The grain quality of Linyou 145 was more affected by sowing date, compared with that of Linyou 2018. When sowing at proper date, the grain's protein and glutenin contents had significant correlations with its wet gluten content, sedimentation value, dough stability time, softness, and evaluation value; while when the sowing date postponed, there existed a positive correlation between the contents of gliadin and wet gluten. The change of the proportions of different protein components in wheat grain induced by the variation of sowing date could be the main reason of the improvement in wheat grain quality. Within the test range (2.25 million - 3.75 million plants x hm(-2)) of planting density, the grain's protein content was less affected, but the grain quality of Linyou 145 was affected to a certain extent. Low planting density (2.25 million plants x hm(-2)) brought the best grain quality of Linyou 2018.