Common prosperity level evaluation: A comprehensive method based on probabilistic linguistic ordered weighted distance measure, prospect theory, and TOPSIS.

Introduction: Common prosperity is a major research project in China, and the scientific measurement and evaluation of common prosperity is very important. Methods: In this study, firstly, we construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for the common prosperity level (CPL). We then develop an evaluation model of CPL based on prospect theory, probabilistic linguistic ordered weighted distance measure, and the TOPSIS method, wherein we use a probabilistic linguistic term set (PLTS) to describe the uncertainty and complexity of the assessment process. Above all, we use prospect theory to reflect the preferences of experts to meet the unique needs for the evaluation of common prosperity. Moreover, we apply the proposed evaluation index system and model to evaluate the CPL of Zhejiang Province, China's first common prosperity demonstration zone, as an example to conduct relevant research. The advantages and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the sensitivity and comparative analysis. Results: The findings prove that the application of the new PLTS evaluation framework in CPL assessment is robust. Discussion: We propose specific suggestions for improving the development of common prosperity.

Association between periodontitis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the association between periodontitis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: To identify eligible studies, the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 19 September 2019. Associations of periodontitis, and other periodontal parameters, with SLE were assessed. RESULTS: Ten studies involving 80,633 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled data showed a significant association between periodontitis and SLE (odds ratio=5.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69-16.78, p = 0.004). In addition, SLE patients had a higher prevalence of bleeding on probing (mean difference = 0.03, 95% CI 0.00-0.06, p = 0.02) and higher mean clinical attachment loss (mean difference = 0.69, 95% CI 0.39-1.00, p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between SLE and reference subjects in mean plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth or decayed, missing or filled teeth. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a significant association between periodontitis and SLE, which indicates that avoidance of periodontitis by maintaining oral health may be a simple and economical way to prevent SLE.

Transcriptome-wide sequencing provides insights into geocarpy in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

A characteristic feature of peanut is the subterranean fructification, geocarpy, in which the gynophore ('peg'), a specialized organ that transitions from upward growth habit to downward outgrowth upon fertilization, drives the developing pod into the soil for subsequent development underground. As a step towards understanding this phenomenon, we explore the developmental dynamics of the peanut pod transcriptome at 11 successive stages. We identified 110 217 transcripts across developmental stages and quantified their abundance along a pod developmental gradient in pod wall. We found that the majority of transcripts were differentially expressed along the developmental gradient as well as identified temporal programs of gene expression, including hundreds of transcription factors. Thought to be an adaptation to particularly harsh subterranean environments, both up- and down-regulated gene sets in pod wall were enriched for response to a broad array of stimuli, like gravity, light and subterranean environmental factors. We also identified hundreds of transcripts associated with gravitropism and photomorphogenesis, which may be involved in the geocarpy. Collectively, this study forms a transcriptional baseline for geocarpy in peanut as well as provides a considerable body of evidence that transcriptional regulation in peanut aerial and subterranean fruits is complex.

Comparative proteomics analysis of developing peanut aerial and subterranean pods identifies pod swelling related proteins.

The peanut plant produces flowers aerially, while develops the fruits and seeds underground. Pod swelling is a vital process of peanut pod and seed development only occurring after the gynophore carrying the ovule into the soil. The failure of gynophore penetration into the soil leads to suppression of pod swelling initiation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the process remains unknown. A comparative proteome analysis between developing aerial and subterranean pods at various developmental stages was performed using 2-DE approach. 47 significantly differentially expressed spots were selected to further identification by MALDI-TOF-TOF MS. They were corresponded to 31 distinct proteins, suggesting that many identified spots were modified in post-translation. Functional annotation revealed their involvement in twelve important biological processes, such as photosynthesis, oxidative stress response, lignin synthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, glycolysis, protein catabolic process, cellular metabolic process, regulation process, etc. Furthermore, 10 identified proteins were validated by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Several photosynthesis and oxidative stress proteins displayed elevated expression levels in aerial pods. Otherwise, enzymes in lignin synthesis and ubiquitin proteasome system were down-accumulation in subterranean pods. These enzymes might function as potential candidate proteins and play critical roles to regulate pods swelling and development. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Pod swelling plays a crucial role in peanut fruit and seed development. However, a large number of aerial pods can't form normal pods due to suppression of swelling initiation by the failure of penetration into the soil, thereby causing to seed yield loss. Limited knowledge is available underlying molecular mechanism regulating initiation of swelling in peg tips and pod development. The results generated in this study may provide evidence for some functional proteins as potential candidates to pod swelling and new molecular insights to improve our understanding of pod development under light and darkness conditions, which may contribute valuable information to high yield breeding in future.

Deep sequencing analysis of the transcriptomes of peanut aerial and subterranean young pods identifies candidate genes related to early embryo abortion.

The failure of peg penetration into the soil leads to seed abortion in peanut. Knowledge of genes involved in these processes is comparatively deficient. Here, we used RNA-seq to gain insights into transcriptomes of aerial and subterranean pods. More than 2 million transcript reads with an average length of 396 bp were generated from one aerial (AP) and two subterranean (SP1 and SP2) pod libraries using pyrosequencing technology. After assembly, sets of 49 632, 49 952 and 50 494 from a total of 74 974 transcript assembly contigs (TACs) were identified in AP, SP1 and SP2, respectively. A clear linear relationship in the gene expression level was observed between these data sets. In brief, 2194 differentially expressed TACs with a 99.0% true-positive rate were identified, among which 859 and 1068 TACs were up-regulated in aerial and subterranean pods, respectively. Functional analysis showed that putative function based on similarity with proteins catalogued in UniProt and gene ontology term classification could be determined for 59 342 (79.2%) and 42 955 (57.3%) TACs, respectively. A total of 2968 TACs were mapped to 174 KEGG pathways, of which 168 were shared by aerial and subterranean transcriptomes. TACs involved in photosynthesis were significantly up-regulated and enriched in the aerial pod. In addition, two senescence-associated genes were identified as significantly up-regulated in the aerial pod, which potentially contribute to embryo abortion in aerial pods, and in turn, to cessation of swelling. The data set generated in this study provides evidence for some functional genes as robust candidates underlying aerial and subterranean pod development and contributes to an elucidation of the evolutionary implications resulting from fruit development under light and dark conditions.

Resolubilization of TCA precipitated plant proteins for 2-D electrophoresis.

In this short communication, a novel protocol for resolubilization of TCA-precipitated plant proteins for 2-DE is described. Guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) is used as an intermediate for protein solubilization in which proteins are reduced and alkylated with tributylphosphane (TBP) and 2-vinylpyridine (2-VP). The blocking of -SH groups at Cys residues can greatly improve the solubility of TCA-precipitated proteins and obtain more high-quality protein spots in the 2-DE gel. This protocol is compatible with silver stain and MS identification.

Identification of seed proteins associated with resistance to pre-harvested aflatoxin contamination in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L).

BACKGROUND: Pre-harvest infection of peanuts by Aspergillus flavus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination is one of the food safety factors that most severely impair peanut productivity and human and animal health, especially in arid and semi-arid tropical areas. Some peanut cultivars with natural pre-harvest resistance to aflatoxin contamination have been identified through field screening. However, little is known about the resistance mechanism, which has slowed the incorporation of resistance into cultivars with commercially acceptable genetic background. Therefore, it is necessary to identify resistance-associated proteins, and then to recognize candidate resistance genes potentially underlying the resistance mechanism. RESULTS: The objective of this study was to identify resistance-associated proteins in response to A. flavus infection under drought stress using two-dimensional electrophoresis with mass spectrometry. To identify proteins involved in the resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination, we compared the differential expression profiles of seed proteins between a resistant cultivar (YJ-1) and a susceptible cultivar (Yueyou 7) under well-watered condition, drought stress, and A. flavus infection with drought stress. A total of 29 spots showed differential expression between resistant and susceptible cultivars in response to A. flavus attack under drought stress. Among these spots, 12 protein spots that consistently exhibited an altered expression were screened by Image Master 5.0 software and successfully identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Five protein spots, including Oso7g0179400, PII protein, CDK1, Oxalate oxidase, SAP domain-containing protein, were uniquely expressed in the resistant cultivar. Six protein spots including low molecular weight heat shock protein precursor, RIO kinase, L-ascorbate peroxidase, iso-Ara h3, 50 S ribosomal protein L22 and putative 30 S ribosomal S9 were significantly up-regulated in the resistant cultivar challenged by A. flavus under drought stress. A significant decrease or down regulation of trypsin inhibitor caused by A. flavus in the resistant cultivar was also observed. In addition, variations in protein expression patterns for resistant and susceptible cultivars were further validated by real time RT-PCR analysis. CONCLUSION: In summary, this study provides new insights into understanding of the molecular mechanism of resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in peanut, and will help to develop peanut varieties with resistance to pre-harvested aflatoxin contamination.

[Appraisal of the repair gastroschisis with autogenous umbilical cord].

OBJECTIVE: To review the treatment of repair gastroschisis with autogenous umbilical cord in 13-year and evaluate its effect. METHODS: Twenty-two newborns who underwent the repair gastroschisis with autogenous umbilical cord between 1992 and 2005. The physical growth, intelligence measuring, area of operation in abdomen in the survived 18 cases were observed and followed-up. RESULTS: Eighteen patients recovered uneventfully, survival rate is 82%, their growth is well. They all developed incisional hernia near the operation, 9 cases recovered himself, 2 cases was operated to repair the abdominal hernia, 7 cases is under observed. CONCLUSIONS: The material is adopted easily in the operating, autogenous umbilical cord is elastic tissue and no toxicity could relax the abdominal press effectively after the operation, the survival rate is high.