Metabolic profiles of Fufang Xiling Jiedu capsule in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry.

Fufang Xiling Jiedu capsule (FXJC), a traditional Chinese medicine that evolved from "Yinqiao Powder", is widely used for the treatment of cold and influenza. However, due to a lack of in vivo metabolism research, the chemical components responsible for the therapeutic effects still remain unclear. Hence, this study aimed to describe the metabolic profiles of the FXJC in rat plasma, urine, and feces. A combined data mining strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was employed and 201 xenobiotics, including 117 prototype components and 84 metabolites were detected. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and lignans were prominent ingredients absorbed in vivo, and the major metabolic pathways of the detected metabolites were glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, and oxidation. This is the first systematic study on the metabolism of the FXJC in vivo, providing valuable information for future studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and mechanism of the FXJC.

The influence of dexmedetomidine on the emergence agitation of pediatric patients after the operations of sense organs under general anesthesia using sevoflurane.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the influence of dexmedetomidine on the emergence agitation of pediatric patients after ophthalmologic operation under general anesthesia using sevoflurane. METHODS: We selected 90 patients that were administered pediatric ophthalmologic operation for the study. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the administration way of drugs, i.e. the normal saline group (group S, N.=30), the midazolam group (group M, N.=30) and the dexmedetomidine group (group D, N.=30). For all patients, anesthesia induction was performed using sevoflurane before anesthesia, and the anesthesia was maintained in the operation with a combination of sevoflurane and remifentanil; laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was used for assisted ventilation. Ten minutes before the end of operation, 15 mL of 0.9% normal saline, 0.05 mg/kg of midazolam and 0.5 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine were administered to group S, group M and group D, respectively. After the operation, we observed the awakening time, time of the LMA removal as well as the recovery time in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) of patients in all three groups. We evaluated the postoperative condition of sedation and agitation of the patients using Ramsay Sedation Scale, 5-point scale and Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Deliriums Scale (PAED) and performed statistical analysis. RESULTS: In the comparisons of awakening time, time of the LMA removal as well as the recovery time, we found that group M was the longest sequentially followed by group D and group S with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). While the comparison of the scores of Ramsay Sedation Scale revealed that group D scored highest followed by group M and group S with statistically significant differences (P<0.05), both of the comparisons of the scores of 5-point scale and PAED Scale showed that group D scored the lowest, followed by group M and group S in sequence with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine can significantly lower the incidence of emergence agitation of pediatric patients after the ophthalmologic operation under sevoflurane anesthesia.