Complete mitochondrial genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the Taiwan tai Argyrops bleekeri (Spariformes: Sparidae).

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the Taiwan tai Argyrops bleekeri was determined for the first time by next-generation sequencing. The circular mtDNA molecule was 16,646 bp in size and the overall base composition was A (27.77%), C (28.95%), G (16.60%), and T (26.68%), with a slight bias toward A + T. The complete mitogenome encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a control region. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 13 PCGs of the Sparidae family revealed that Argyrops appears to be most closely related to Pagrus and Parargyrops, but further research is needed.

The complete mitogenome sequence and organization of Parachaeturichthys polynema (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae).

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Parachaeturichthys polynema was reported. The mitochondrial genome was 16,620bp in length including 13 protein-coding genes, 23 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and a control region. The overall contents of A, T, G, and C were 28.56%, 26.34%, 16.22%, and 28.89%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of 18 species in the family Gobiidae showed that P. polynema was clustered into the subfamily Gobiinae. This information will contribute to future phylogenetic studies of P. polynema and Gobiidae.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Lepidotrigla alata (Osteichthyes: Triglidae) with phylogenetic consideration.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Lepidotrigla alata was sequenced in this study. The genome sequence is 16,512 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one control region. Overall base composition is 26.46% A, 25.05% T, 17.22% G, and 31.27% C. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that L. alata was close to L. guentheri and L. microptera, and each genus in the family Triglidae was monophyletic. This study can provide valuable information for future evolutionary studies on L. alata and Triglidae.

Bioremediation efficiency in the removal of dissolved inorganic nutrients by the red seaweed, Porphyra yezoensis, cultivated in the open sea.

The bioremediation capability and efficiency of large-scale Porphyra cultivation in the removal of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from open sea area were studied. The study took place in 2002-2004, in a 300 ha nori farm along the Lusi coast, Qidong County, Jiangsu Province, China, where the valuable rhodophyte seaweed Porphyra yezoensis has been extensively cultivated. Nutrient concentrations were significantly reduced by the seaweed cultivation. During the non-cultivation period of P. yezoensis, the concentrations of NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N and PO4-P were 43-61, 1-3, 33-44 and 1-3 micromol L(-1), respectively. Within the Porphyra cultivation area, the average nutrient concentrations during the Porphyra cultivation season were 20.5, 1.1, 27.9 and 0.96 micromol L(-1) for NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N and PO4-P, respectively, significantly lower than in the non-cultivation season (p<0.05). Compared with the control area, Porphyra farming resulted in the reduction of NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N and PO4-P by 50-94%, 42-91%, 21-38% and 42-67%, respectively. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in dry Porphyra thalli harvested from the Lusi coast averaged 6.3% and 1.0%, respectively. There were significant monthly variations in tissue nitrogen content (p<0.05) but not in tissue phosphorus content (p>0.05). The highest tissue nitrogen content, 7.65% in dry wt, was found in December and the lowest value, 4.85%, in dry wt, in April. The annual biomass production of P. yezoensis was about 800 kg dry wt ha(-1) at the Lusi Coast in 2003-2004. An average of 14708.5 kg of tissue nitrogen and 2373.5 kg of tissue phosphorus in P. yezoensis biomass were harvested annually from 300 ha of cultivation from Lusi coastal water. These results indicated that Porphyra efficiently removed excess nutrient from nearshore eutrophic coastal areas. Therefore, large-scale cultivation of P. yezoensis could alleviate eutrophication in coastal waters economically.

[Spatial heterogeneity of Trichiurus japonicus and small-scale fish in East China Sea and their spatial relationships].

Based on the investigation at 121 positions in East China Sea in 2001 Autumn, this paper analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of hairtail (Trichiurus japonicus) and seven kinds of small-scale fish (Setipinna taty, Collichthys lucidus, Champsodon capensis, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Acropoma japonicum, Benthosema pterotum and Apogon lineatus), and the spatial relationships among them. The results indicated that the semivariogram curve of hairtail was very similar to those of Apogon lineatus, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema and Acropoma japonicum, with highly significant correlations (P < 0.01), and the semivariograms of Setipinna taty and Collichthys lucidus appeared as pure nugget effect. The others could be described as spherical or exponential model that had high spatial autocorrelation. The ranges of Apogon lineatus, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema and Acropoma japonicum were equal to or beyond that of hairtail (265 km). Hairtail was spatially close to these three species, and thus, the latter might be the main preys of hairtail.