25-(OH)VitD3, as a risk indicator in diagnosis of adenocarcinoma.

Vitamin D (VitD) comes from sunlight exposure and food intake. Apart from regulating calcium homeostasis and bone function, its levels also associate with the presence of development of adenocarcinoma. VitD can interact with VitD receptor (VDR), which heterodimerizes with retinoic X receptor (RXR) and then induces transcription of proteins that function in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. We reviewed and discussed the genes and their associated polymorphisms involved in the correlation between development of adenocarcinoma and VitD deficiency to highlight how VitD may be instrumental in cancerization. Furthermore, pilot epidemiological data show that the detection of 25-hydroxy-Vitamin D3 ((36.5±10.7 nmol/L, n=129) vs (81.4±19.8 nmol/L, n=81)) can be a promising approach in cancer diagnosis. In this review, we suggest that 25-hydroxy-Vitamin D3 can act as an indicator and/or risk assessment factor in early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma.

Aromatherapy and the central nerve system (CNS): therapeutic mechanism and its associated genes.

Molecular medical research on aromatherapy has been steadily increasing for use as an adjuvant therapy in managing psychiatric disorders and to examine its therapeutic mechanisms. Most studies, as well as clinically applied experience, have indicated that various essential oils, such as lavender, lemon and bergamot can help to relieve stress, anxiety, depression and other mood disorders. Most notably, inhalation of essential oils can communicate signals to the olfactory system and stimulate the brain to exert neurotransmitters (e.g. serotonin and dopamine) thereby further regulating mood. However, little research has been done on the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, thus their mechanism of action remains ambiguous. Several hypotheses have been proposed regarding the therapeutic mechanism of depression. These have mainly centered on possible deficiencies in monoamines, neurotrophins, the neuroendocrine system, c-AMP, cation channels as well as neuroimmune interactions and epigenetics, however the precise mechanism or mechanisms related to depression have yet to be elucidated. In the current study, the effectiveness of aromatherapy for alleviating psychiatric disorders was examined using data collected from previously published studies and our unpublished data. A possible signaling pathway from olfactory system to the central nerve system and the associated key molecular elements of aromatherapy are also proposed.

Novel cancerization marker, TP53, and its role in distinguishing normal tissue adjacent to cancerous tissue from normal tissue adjacent to benign tissue.

BACKGROUND: The histopathological and molecular heterogeneity of normal tissue adjacent to cancerous tissue (NTAC) and normal tissue adjacent to benign tissue (NTAB), and the availability of limited specimens make deciphering the mechanisms of carcinogenesis challenging. Our goal was to identify histogenetic biomarkers that could be reliably used to define a transforming fingerprint using RNA in situ hybridization. METHODS: We evaluated 15 tumor-related RNA in situ hybridization biomarkers using tumor microarray and samples of seven tumor-adjacent normal tissues from 314 patients. Biomarkers were determined using comprehensive statistical methods (significance of support vector machine-based artificial intelligence and area under curve scoring of classification distribution). RESULTS: TP53 was found to be a most reliable index (P <10(-7); area under curve >87%) for distinguishing NTAC from NTAB, according to the results of a significance panel (BCL10, BECN1, BRCA2, FITH, PTCH11 and TP53). CONCLUSIONS: The genetic alterations in TP53 between NTAC and NTAB may provide new insight into the field of cancerization and tumor transformation.

[Synthesis and identification of artificial complete antigen 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3);].

AIM: To synthesize the 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3); artificial complete antigen and to prepare the specific antibody against 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3);. METHODS: The active group carboxyl was introduced into 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3); and formed 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3);-hemisuccinate which possessed the structure of the hapten by chemical modification. The EDC method was applied to conjugate 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3);-hemisuccinate to bovine serum albumin as an artificial immunogen. The coating antigen 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3);-hemisuccinate-OVA was obtained in the same way. Ultraviolet, SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF were used to identify 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3);-hemisuccinate-BSA. RESULTS: BALB/c mice were immunized with 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3);-hemisuccinate-BSA to generate the polyclonal antibody of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3); worth high titer and the immunogen, 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3);-hemisuccinate-BSA, was successfully prepared with coupling ratio (12±0.16):1(N=3) coupling. CONCLUSION: The high titer and good sensitivity of anti-25-hydroxyvitamin D(3); antibody are produced in sera immunized BALB/c mice, which made it possible to develop a clinical diagnostics for illness.

[Co-detection of P21, P53 and HSP70 and their possible role in diagnosis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-related lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the biomarkers of early diagnosis in patients with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-related lung cancer for the application to detection of occupational lung cancer or related lung cancer. METHODS: Western dot blotting was used to explore the expression of ras, p53 and heat stress protein 70 (HSP70) in 29 patients with PAHs-related lung cancer (LC), and 28 patients with non-cancerous pulmonary disease, and 30 healthy controls. RESULTS: The positive detection rates of P21, P53, and HSP70 in LC group (58.62%, 34.48%, 41.38% respectively) were higher than those in non-cancerous pulmonary disease group (14.29%, 7.14%, 10.71% respectively, P < 0.01). The sensitivity of P21, P53 and HSP70 were 58.62%, 34.48% and 41.38% respectively, negative predictive value (NPV) were 68.42%, 78.05% and 63.04% respectively. The co-detection of the three proteins mentioned above produced a sensitivity of 82.76% with a NPV of 78.26% (P < 0.05). Of 18 cases of LC with negative cytology, 13 (72.22%) were found HSP21, P53 or HSP70 positive. CONCLUSIONS: Co-detection of the P21, P53, and HSP70 may be used as the screening marker for diagnosis of PAHs-related lung cancer, and may supplement the diagnostic value of conventional cytology.