Disease burden of COPD attributable to PM2.5 in China, Japan and South Korea from 1990 to 2019: a comparative study based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

OBJECTIVE: We hope to reveal the changing trends of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) burden attributable to particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) and its age, period and cohort effects in China, Japan and Korea. DESIGN: We analysed the trend of COPD disease burden attributable to PM2.5 from 1990 to 2019 based on the latest Global Burden of Disease Database (GBD 2019) using JoinPoint model and analysed the effect of age, period and cohort on COPD burden attributable to PM2.5 in China, Japan and Korea from 1990 to 2019 using age-period-cohort model (model). SETTING: GBD data from 1990 to 2019. PARTICIPANTS: Data were publicly available and individuals were not involved. MAIN OUTCOMES: Outcomes included the age standardised mortality rate (ASMR), the age-standardised disability-adjusted life year (DALY), average annual per cent change (AAPC), net drift, local drift, longitudinal age curves, period (cohort) rate ratios, age (period, cohort) bias coefficient. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2019, the ASMR of COPD attributable to PM2.5 in China (AAPC=-5.862), Japan (AAPC=-1.715) and Korea (AAPC=-1.831) showed a downward trend. The age-standardised DALY of COPD attributable to PM2.5 in China (AAPC=-5.821), Japan (AAPC=-1.39) and Korea (AAPC=-1.239) showed a downward trend. Mortality of COPD attributable to PM2.5 increased slowly with age in Korea and Japan. Mortality of COPD attributable to PM2.5 in China decreased after rising (95% CI: 404.66 to 466.01). Mortality of COPD attributable to PM2.5 decreased over time in China and Korea, while it increased in Japan from 2015 to 2019. In China and Japan, mortality of COPD attributable to PM2.5 was approximately lower the later the birth, while in Korea it decreased after an increase (95% CI: 2.13 to 2.40) in the 1900-1910. CONCLUSIONS: Most COPD burden attributable to PM2.5 is on the decline; COPD mortality attributable to PM2.5 both increased with age and decreased with time and cohort. Countries with high burden should develop targeted measures to control PM2.5.

The relationship between loneliness and problematic social media usage in Chinese university students: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: A significant number of cross-sectional studies have explored the correlation between loneliness and problematic social media use. However, the causal relationship between these two key variables remains controversial, and the developmental relationship over time is unclear. METHODS: We conducted a one-year longitudinal study with 538 Chinese college students using questionnaires and employing cross-lagged and latent growth models to investigate the causal relationship and developmental dynamics between loneliness and problematic social media use. RESULTS: The results indicate that (a) loneliness and problematic social media use mutually and positively influence each other, establishing a bidirectional causal relationship; (b) Chinese college students experience a gradual increase in levels of loneliness and problematic social media use during their time in college; and (c) the intercept and slope of loneliness significantly and positively affect the intercept and slope of problematic social media use, and conversely, the intercept and slope of problematic social media use significantly and positively influence the intercept and slope of loneliness. CONCLUSION: These findings reveal the longitudinal relationship between loneliness and problematic social media use among Chinese college students and offer insights for researchers and educators to intervene in college students' loneliness and problematic social media use from a developmental perspective.

Effects of traditional Chinese exercises in fibromyalgia syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the efficacy and safety of five traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, Cochrane, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases were comprehensively searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to TCEs published from inception until February 2023. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to determine the combined effects of the intervention, and the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool and Review 5.2 software were used to assess methodological quality. The data were extracted and analyzed by the Stata15.0 random effects model. RESULTS: Nineteen RCTs including 1315 participants were included in the analysis. The studies were found to be heterogeneous (I2 =86.2, P = 0.000), and thus a random effects model was used to combine the data. The results showed that traditional Chinese exercises had potentially beneficial effects on reducing pain (SMD =-0.66,95% CI [-1.08, -0.25], P = 0.002), improving sleep (SMD = -0.35,95% CI [-0.68,0. 01], P = 0.041) and relieving depression (SMD= -0.24,95% CI [-0.47, -0.02], P = 0.034) in FMS patients. However, no significant effects were found on improved quality of life (SMD =-0.20,95% CI [-0.48,0.09], P = 0.176). CONCLUSIONS: TCEs can improve pain, sleep quality and depression in patients with FMS and are safe. However, they do not improve the quality of life significantly. Further large-scale, high-quality, and multi-center RCTs are required to verify the efficacy of TCEs.

Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework to Upgrade Cycling Stability and Rate Capability of Li-CO2 Batteries.

Elaborately designed multifunctional electrocatalysts capable of promoting Li+ and CO2 transport are essential for upgrading the cycling stability and rate capability of Li-CO2 batteries. Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) with open channels and easily functionalized surfaces hold great potential for applications in efficient cathodes of Li-CO2 batteries. Herein, a robust HOFS (HOF-FJU-1) is introduced for the first time as a co-catalyst in the cathode material of Li-CO2 batteries. HOF-FJU-1 with cyano groups located periodically in the pore can induce homogeneous deposition of discharge products and accommodate volumetric expansion of discharge products during cycling. Besides, HOF-FJU-1 enables effective interaction between Ru0 nanoparticles and cyano groups, thus forming efficient and uniform catalytic sites for CRR/CER. Moreover, HOF-FJU-1 with regularly arranged open channels are beneficial for CO2 and Li+ transport, enabling rapid redox kinetic conversion of CO2 . Therefore, the HOF-based Li-CO2 batteries are capable of stable operation at 400 mA g-1 for 1800 h and maintain a low overpotential of 1.96 V even at high current densities up to 5 A g-1 . This work provides valuable guidance for developing multifunctional HOF-based catalysts to upgrade the longevity and rate capability of Li-CO2 batteries.

Combining intralesional steroid injection with oral steroids in patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a chronic inflammatory breast disease. Currently, there is no international standard for steroid use in IGM, particularly for intralesional steroid injections. This study aimed to determine whether patients with IGM who received oral steroids could benefit from intralesional steroid injection. We analyzed 62 patients with IGM whose main clinical presentation was mastitis masses and who received preoperative steroid therapy. Group A (n = 34) received combined steroid treatment: oral steroids (starting dose, 0.25 mg/kg/d; tapered off) and intralesional steroid injection (20 mg per session). Group B (n = 28) received oral steroids only (starting dose, 0.5 mg/kg/d; tapered off). Both groups underwent lumpectomy at the end of steroid treatment. We analyzed the preoperative treatment time, preoperative mass maximum diameter reduction rate, side effects, postoperative satisfaction, and rate of IGM recurrence. The mean age of the 62 participants was 33.6 ± 2.3 (range, 26-46) years, and all had unilateral disease. We found that oral steroids combined with intralesional steroid injection yielded better therapeutic effects than did oral steroids alone. The median maximum diameter reduction of the breast mass was 52.06% in group A and 30.00% in group B (P = .002). Moreover, the use of intralesional steroids reduced the duration of oral steroid use; the median durations of preoperative steroid therapy were 4 and 7 weeks in groups A and B, respectively (P < .001). Group A patients were more satisfied (P = .035) with the postoperative results, including postoperative appearance and function. No statistically significant between-group differences were noted regarding side effects and recurrence rates. Preoperative administration of oral steroids combined with intralesional steroid injection yielded better therapeutic effects than did oral steroids alone and may be an effective future treatment for IGM.

The impact of humor therapy on people suffering from depression or anxiety: An integrative literature review.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and synthesize existing research on the effectiveness and feasibility of multiform humor therapy on people suffering from depression or anxiety, with the hope of benefiting future research. METHODS: An integrative literature review of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed studies was performed. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched up to March 2022. Two independent reviewers conducted each stage of the review process, by assessing eligibility using preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and quality appraisal using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and data extraction. RESULTS: In this integrative review, 29 papers were included, containing 2964 participants across a diverse range of studies, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. The articles were from the United States, Australia, Italy, Turkey, South Korea, Iran, Israel, China, and Germany. The findings indicated that most of the subjects thought humor therapy was effective in improving depression and anxiety while a few participants considered the effect insignificant. However, more high-quality studies will be needed to confirm these conclusions. DISCUSSION: This review collated and summarized findings from studies examining the impact of humor therapy (medical clowns, laughter therapy/yoga) on people with depression or anxiety, including children undergoing surgery or anesthesia, older people in nursing homes, patients with Parkinson's disease, cancer, mental illness, and undergoing dialysis, retired women, and college students. The results from this review may help inform future research, policy, and practice in humor therapy to improve people's symptoms of depression and anxiety. IMPACT: This systematic review objectively evaluated the effect of humor therapy on depression and anxiety. As a simple and feasible complementary alternative therapy, humor therapy may provide a favorable alternative for clinicians, nurses, and patients in the future.

Improved cloud storage auditing scheme with deduplication.

Cloud storage has become a crucial service for many users who deal with big data. The auditing scheme for cloud storage is a mechanism that checks the integrity of outsourced data. Cloud storage deduplication is a technique that helps cloud service providers save on storage costs by storing only one copy of a file when multiple users outsource the same file to cloud servers. However, combining storage auditing and deduplication techniques can be challenging. To address this challenge, in 2019 Hou et al. proposed a cloud storage auditing scheme with deduplication that supports different security levels of data popularity. This proposal is interesting and has practical applications. However, in this paper, we show that their proposal has a flaw: the cloud or other adversaries can easily forge the data block's authenticators, which means the cloud can delete all the outsourced encrypted data blocks but still provide correct storage proof for the third-party auditor. Based on Hou et al.'s scheme, we propose an improved cloud storage auditing scheme with deduplication and analyze its security. The results show that the proposed scheme is more secure.

Mo2 N-ZrO2 Heterostructure Engineering in Freestanding Carbon Nanofibers for Upgrading Cycling Stability and Energy Efficiency of Li-CO2 Batteries.

Li-CO2 batteries have attracted considerable attention for their advantages of CO2 fixation and high energy density. However, the sluggish dynamics of CO2 reduction/evolution reactions restrict the practical application of Li-CO2 batteries. Herein, a dual-functional Mo2 N-ZrO2 heterostructure engineering in conductive freestanding carbon nanofibers (Mo2 N-ZrO2 @NCNF) is reported. The integration of Mo2 N-ZrO2 heterostructure in porous carbons provides the opportunity to simultaneously accelerate electron transport, boost CO2 conversion, and stabilize intermediate discharge product Li2 C2 O4 . Benefiting from the synchronous advantages, the Mo2 N-ZrO2 @NCNF catalyst endows the Li-CO2 batteries with excellent cycle stability, good rate capability, and high energy efficiency even under high current densities. The designed cathodes exhibit an ultrahigh energy efficiency of 89.8% and a low charging voltage below 3.3 V with a potential gap of 0.32 V. Remarkably, stable operation over 400 cycles can be achieved even at high current densities of 50 µA cm-2 . This work provides valuable guidance for developing multifunctional heterostructured catalysts to upgrade longevity and energy efficiency of Li-CO2 batteries.

Enhanced hydrogen evolution activity of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals achieved by dimensionality change.

Dimensionality plays a vital role at the nanoscale in tuning the electronical and photophysical properties and surface features of perovskite nanocrystals. Here, 3D and 1D all-inorganic CsPbBr3 nanocrystals were chosen as model materials to systemically reveal the dimensionality-dependent effect in photocatalytic H2 evolution. In terms of facilitating photoinduced electron-hole pair separation and charge transfer, as well as inducing proton reduction potential with the presence of fewer Br vacancies, 1D CsPbBr3 nanorods gave about a 5-fold improvement for solar H2 evolution.

Privacy protection framework for face recognition in edge-based Internet of Things.

Edge computing (EC) gets the Internet of Things (IoT)-based face recognition systems out of trouble caused by limited storage and computing resources of local or mobile terminals. However, data privacy leak remains a concerning problem. Previous studies only focused on some stages of face data processing, while this study focuses on the privacy protection of face data throughout its entire life cycle. Therefore, we propose a general privacy protection framework for edge-based face recognition (EFR) systems. To protect the privacy of face images and training models transmitted between edges and the remote cloud, we design a local differential privacy (LDP) algorithm based on the proportion difference of feature information. In addition, we also introduced identity authentication and hash technology to ensure the legitimacy of the terminal device and the integrity of the face image in the data acquisition phase. Theoretical analysis proves the rationality and feasibility of the scheme. Compared with the non-privacy protection situation and the equal privacy budget allocation method, our method achieves the best balance between availability and privacy protection in the numerical experiment.

Cationic metal-organic framework derived ruthenium-copper nano-alloys in porous carbon to catalytically boost the cycle life of Li-CO2 batteries.

Rechargeable Li-CO2 batteries are an innovative energy storage technology with broad application prospects owing to their superb energy density and ability to capture the greenhouse gas CO2. However, they are still suffering from severe challenges in the formation and decomposition of electrochemically sluggish Li2CO3 discharge products, resulting in poor battery performance. Development of an efficient cathodic electrocatalyst has the potential to address these issues by catalytically boosting the conversion of Li2CO3. Herein, we have designed a Ru-Cu nanoalloy decorated porous carbon (Ru-Cu@NPC) material derived from an anion-exchanged cationic MOF, and it can serve as an efficient cathode electrocatalyst for Li-CO2 batteries. Benefitting from the uniform distribution of ultrafine Ru-Cu nanoalloys with high catalytic performance, Ru-Cu@NPC displays excellent CO2 reduction and evolution activities. Impressively, the Li-CO2 battery with the Ru-Cu@NPC catalyst exhibits a remarkably low potential gap of 0.93 V at 100 mA g-1 and a stable discharge/charge cycling performance of more than 400 cycles at a high current density of 400 mA g-1 within a limiting capacity of 1000 mA h g-1. The study provides an opportunity for the research of cationic MOF derived bimetallic catalysts in the Li-CO2 battery field.

Efficacy of digital breast tomosynthesis combined with magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of early breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer in China rank 120th and 163rd, worldwide, respectively. The incidence of breast cancer is on the rise; the risk increases with age but is slightly reduced after menopause. Early screening, diagnosis, and timely determination of the best treatment plan can ensure clinical efficacy and prognosis. AIM: To evaluate the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in diagnosing early breast cancer and the effect of breast-conserving surgery by arc incision. METHODS: This study was divided into two parts. Firstly, 110 patients with early breast cancer confirmed by pathological examination and 110 with benign breast diseases diagnosed simultaneously in Changzhi People's Hospital of Shanxi Province and Shanxi Dayi Hospital from May 2019 to September 2020 were included in the breast cancer group and the benign group, respectively. Both groups underwent DBT and MRI examination, and the pathological results were used as the gold standard to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined application of DBT and MRI in the diagnosis of early breast cancer. Secondly, according to the operation method, 110 patients with breast cancer were divided into either a breast-conserving group (69 patients) or a modified radical mastectomy group (41 patients). The surgical effect, cosmetic effect, and quality of life of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Among the 110 cases of breast cancer, 66 were of invasive ductal carcinoma (60.00%), and 22 were of ductal carcinoma in situ (20.00%). Among the 110 cases of benign breast tumors, 55 were of breast fibromas (50.00%), and 27 were of breast adenosis (24.55%). The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of DBT in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors were 73.64%, 84.55%, and 0.791, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of MRI in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors were 84.55%, 85.45%, and 0.850, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of DBT combined with MRI in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors were 97.27%, 93.64%, and 0.955, respectively. The blood loss, operation time and hospitalization time of the breast-conserving group were significantly lower than those of the modified radical treatment group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 3 mo of observation, the breast cosmetic effect of the breast-conserving group was better than that of the modified radical group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Before surgery, the quality-of-life scores of the breast-conserving and modified radical mastectomy groups did not differ (P > 0.05). Three months after surgery, the quality-of-life scores in both groups were higher than those before surgery (P < 0.05), and the quality-of-life score of the breast-conserving group was higher than that of the modified radical group (P < 0.05). In the observation of tumor recurrence rate two years after the operation, four patients in the breast-conserving group and one in the modified radical treatment group had a postoperative recurrence. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups (χ 2 = 0.668, P = 0.414 > 0.05). CONCLUSION: MRI combined with DBT in diagnosing early breast cancer can significantly improve the diagnostic efficacy compared with the two alone. Breast-conserving surgery leads to better cosmetic breast effects and reduces the impact of surgery on postoperative quality of life.

ZIF-8@MXene-reinforced flame-retardant and highly conductive polymer composite electrolyte for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries.

Though polymer electrolytes have been regarded as promising separators for solid-state lithium metal batteries, their low ionic conductivity, poor thermostability and inflammability limit their practical applications. Herein, a polymer composite electrolyte consisting of metal-organic frameworks modified Ti3C2-MXene nanosheets (ZIF-8@MXene) and polymer mixture (PE-ZIF-8@MXene) was fabricated. The fabricated nonflammable ZIF-8@MXene nanosheets have abundant functional groups and Lewis acid sites as well as high specific surface area. In the composite electrolyte, ZIF-8@MXene nanosheets increased the dissociation of lithium salts and provided channels for transporting ions, accelerating the Li ion transportation. They also enhanced the tensile strength, thermostability and flame resistance of PE-ZIF-8@MXene. Consequently, the fabricated flame-retardant PE-ZIF-8@MXene presented high ionic conductivity (4.4 mS cm-1), impressive Li+ transference number (0.76) and enhanced tensile strength (3.77 MPa). In addition, the assembled Li|PE-ZIF-8@MXene|Li had a long cycle life of 2000 h, and Li|PE-ZIF-8@MXene|LiFePO4 batteries displayed a capacity retention of 89.6% after 500 cycles.

Highly Conductive and Thermostable Grafted Polyrotaxane/Ceramic Hybrid Polymer Electrolyte for Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Although polymer electrolytes have been regarded as potential separator materials for high energy density solid-state lithium-based batteries, their applications were significantly restricted by the low ionic conductivity, poor mechanical strength, and thermostability. Herein, a highly conductive and thermostable hybrid polymer electrolyte was developed by combining poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-grafted polyrotaxane and nano-Al2O3 particles. In this unique hybrid, not only the Lewis acid-type Al2O3 and the fluorine groups of polyrotaxane branches exhibited strong integration with ionic species to accelerate the dissociation of lithium salt, improving the Li ionic conductivity, but also the abundant hydroxy functional groups on the surface of Al2O3 hydrogen-bonded with fluorine-containing branches, enhancing the mechanical strength. More importantly, the hybrid electrolyte exhibited superior thermal stability due to the heat resistance of the ceramic filler and the unique bead string structure of polyrotaxane. Consequently, a polymer electrolyte with a comprehensively improved performance was obtained, including high ionic conductivity and Li+ transfer number and superior tensile strength and thermostability. The hybrid electrolyte provided a dendrite-free lithium anode with a long life up to 1800 h and stable solid-state lithium-metal batteries at a high temperature of 80 °C.

Sequential occurrence of different subtypes of nonpuerperal mastitis in contralateral breasts: a report of two cases.

BACKGROUND: Nonpuerperal mastitis (NPM) is a nonspecific chronic inflammation in the breast. The two most common pathologic subtypes are idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) and plasma cell mastitis (PCM). The cause of NPM is unknown, and the recurrence rate is high; however, the sequential development of two different pathologic subtypes of NPM in contralateral breasts of the same patient is rare. CASE SUMMARY: Two women who were in their 30 s and with a history of childbearing had an inflammatory mass in one breast, which was identified as PCM by core needle biopsy. However, 1 year after treatment, IGM occurred in the contralateral breast. Histopathologic results after the surgery confirmed both diagnoses. New-onset PCM in both patients was successfully treated with local extended surgical resection and antibiotics combined with incision and drainage. The IGM that developed in the contralateral breast after 1 year was treated with local extended surgical resection and oral steroids. No signs of NPM recurrence were observed in either breast after a follow-up period of more than 1 year. CONCLUSION: Because recurrence after NPM treatment often occurs in the affected breast, the contralateral breast, which does not often exhibit morbidity factors, is often ignored during treatment follow-up. However, our cases suggest that patients with the occurrence of NPM in one breast should undergo long-term follow-up of the contralateral breast by close monitoring. NPM recurrence should also be considered when there is pain, redness, and swelling in the contralateral breast.

Mitigation of vacancy with ammonium salt-trapped ZIF-8 capsules for stable perovskite solar cells through simultaneous compensation and loss inhibition.

Due to the easy loss of ions during synthesis or usage, vacancies in perovskite film are ubiquitous, accelerating the degradation of perovskite materials and seriously hampering the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, to simultaneously compensate for vacancies and reduce ammonium cation loss, a sustained release strategy was proposed by introducing multi-functional capsules consisting of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) encapsulation agent and ammonium iodide salts as interlayer between the perovskite and hole transport layer. In the capsule interlayer, not only are ammonium iodide salts in ZIF-8 pores released to the perovskite layer, compensating for the vacancies, but the ZIF-8 also prevents the organic component of perovskite from evaporating and isolates the perovskite from moisture. As a consequence, decreased trap density, improved device efficiency, and enhanced stability of PSCs are obtained owing to the successful passivation of defects by the introduced capsules. ZIF-8@FAI shows the highest efficiency of 19.13% and a stabilized PCE over 93% of the initial efficiency at maximum power point for 150 h. This work provides a new strategy to improve efficiency and stability of PSCs based on the large family of porous materials.

Chinese herbal compound combined with western medicine therapy in the treatment of plasma cell mastitis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) is a benign suppurative disease of the breast based on the expansion of mammary ducts and infiltration of plasma cells. It is relatively rare clinically, and its main manifestations include nonperiodic breast pain, nipple discharge, areola lump, nipple depression, nipple fistula, among others. Modern medicine is mainly surgical treatment, which is easy to recur. The clinical practice shows that the overall treatment of patients with TCM syndrome differentiation using oral medicine combined with western medicine therapy, combined internal and external treatment, can significantly improve the curative effect, prevent recurrence, has a certain therapeutic advantage, but lack of evidence of evidence-based medicine. The purpose of this study is to study the efficacy and safety of oral traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with western medicine therapy in the treatment of PCM. METHODS: Use computer to retrieve English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP, Chinese biomedical database), from the establishment of database to September 2020, for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of oral TCM combined with western medicine therapy in the treatment of PCM, two researchers independently extracted the data and evaluated the quality of the included research, and meta-analysis was conducted on the included literatures using RevMan5.3 software. RESULTS: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral TCM combined with western medicine therapy in the treatment of PCM from the aspects of effective rate, symptom score, recurrence rate, adverse reaction rate, and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION: This study will provide reliable evidence-based evidence for the clinical application of oral TCM combined with western medicine therapy in the treatment of PCM. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The purpose of this study is to sort out and analyze the literature. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval was not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER:: doi 10.17605/OSF.IO/K9A78.

RADICLELESS 1 (RL1)-mediated nad4 intron 1 splicing is crucial for embryo and endosperm development in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are one of the largest protein families in land plants. PPR proteins exhibit sequence-specific RNA-binding activity and are implicated in plant growth and development related processes. In this study, we report that the radicleless 1 (rl1) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa L.) exhibited defective radicle emergence in embryos and compromised grain filling in endosperms. Gene cloning and confirmation via genetic complementation analyses showed that RL1 encodes a P-type PPR protein, which is localized to mitochondria. The RL1 protein was specifically involved in the splicing of intron 1 of the mitochondrial nad4 transcript, which encodes a subunit of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase complex. Consistent with this observation, the rl1 mutant exhibited altered mitochondrial morphology and lower ATP accumulation compared with the wild type. Thus, our findings suggest that RL1-mediated nad4 splicing is crucial for embryo and endosperm development in rice.

Simultaneous implementation of resistive switching and rectifying effects in a metal-organic framework with switched hydrogen bond pathway.

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) has evolved as one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation memory, but bistability for information storage, simultaneous implementation of resistive switching and rectification effects, and a better understanding of switching mechanism are still challenging in this field. Herein, we report a RRAM device based on a chiral metal-organic framework (MOF) FJU-23-H2O with switched hydrogen bond pathway within its channels, exhibiting an ultralow set voltage (~0.2 V), a high ON/OFF ratio (~105), and a high rectification ratio (~105). It is not only the first MOF with voltage-gated proton conduction but also the first single material showing both rectifying and resistive switching effects. By single-crystal x-ray diffraction analyses, the mechanism of the resistive switching has been demonstrated.