Electrolyte Chemistry toward Ultrawide-Temperature (-25 to 75 °C) Sodium-Ion Batteries Achieved by Phosphorus/Silicon-Synergistic Interphase Manipulation.

All-weather operation is considered an ultimate pursuit of the practical development of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), however, blocked by a lack of suitable electrolytes at present. Herein, by introducing synergistic manipulation mechanisms driven by phosphorus/silicon involvement, the compact electrode/electrolyte interphases are endowed with improved interfacial Na-ion transport kinetics and desirable structural/thermal stability. Therefore, the modified carbonate-based electrolyte successfully enables all-weather adaptability for long-term operation over a wide temperature range. As a verification, the half-cells using the designed electrolyte operate stably over a temperature range of -25 to 75 °C, accompanied by a capacity retention rate exceeding 70% even after 1700 cycles at 60 °C. More importantly, the full cells assembled with Na3V2(PO4)2O2F cathode and hard carbon anode also have excellent cycling stability, exceeding 500 and 1000 cycles at -25 to 50 °C and superb temperature adaptability during all-weather dynamic testing with continuous temperature change. In short, this work proposes an advanced interfacial regulation strategy targeted at the all-climate SIB operation, which is of good practicability and reference significance.

A latent profile analysis of resilience and their relation to differences in sleep quality in patients with lung cancer.

PURPOSE: Sleep problems are a significant issue in patients with lung cancer, and resilience is a closely related factor. However, few studies have identified subgroups of resilience and their relationship with sleep quality. This study aimed to investigate whether there are different profiles of resilience in patients with lung cancer, to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of each subgroup, and to determine the relationship between resilience and sleep quality in different subgroups. METHODS: A total of 303 patients with lung cancer from four tertiary hospitals in China completed the General Sociodemographic sheet, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Latent profile analysis was applied to explore the latent profiles of resilience. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the sociodemographic variables in each profile, and ANOVA was used to explore the relationships between resilience profiles and sleep quality. RESULTS: The following three latent profiles were identified: the "high-resilience group" (30.2%), the "moderate-resilience group" (46.0%), and the "low-resilience group" (23.8%). Gender, place of residence, and average monthly household income significantly influenced the distribution of resilience in patients with lung cancer. CONCLUSION: The resilience patterns of patients with lung cancer varied. It is suggested that health care providers screen out various types of patients with multiple levels of resilience and pay more attention to female, rural, and poor patients. Additionally, individual differences in resilience may provide an actionable means for addressing sleep problems.

Dynamic Li+ Capture through Ligand-Chain Interaction for the Regeneration of Depleted LiFePO4 Cathode.

After application in electric vehicles, spent LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries are typically decommissioned. Traditional recycling methods face economic and environmental constraints. Therefore, direct regeneration has emerged as a promising alternative. However, irreversible phase changes can significantly hinder the efficiency of the regeneration process owing to structural degradation. Moreover, improper storage and treatment practices can lead to metamorphism, further complicating the regeneration process. In this study, a sustainable recovery method is proposed for the electrochemical repair of LFP batteries. A ligand-chain Zn-complex (ZnDEA) is utilized as a structural regulator, with its ─NH─ group alternatingly facilitating the binding of preferential transition metal ions (Fe3+ during charging and Zn2+ during discharging). This dynamic coordination ability helps to modulate volume changes within the recovered LFP framework. Consequently, the recovered LFP framework can store more Li-ions, enhance phase transition reversibility between LFP and FePO4 (FP), modify the initial Coulombic efficiency, and reduce polarization voltage differences. The recovered LFP cells exhibit excellent capacity retention of 96.30% after 1500 cycles at 2 C. The ligand chain repair mechanism promotes structural evolution to facilitate ion migration, providing valuable insights into the targeted ion compensation for environmentally friendly recycling in practical applications.

Self-Adaptive Liquid Film: Dynamic Realization of Dendrite-Free Zn Deposition Toward Ultralong-Life Aqueous Zn Battery.

The poor reversibility and stability of Zn metal anode (ZMA) caused by uncontrolled Zn deposition behaviors and serious side reactions severely impeded the practical application of aqueous Zn metal battery. Herein, a liquid-dynamic and self-adaptive protective layer (LSPL) was constructed on the ZMA surface for inhibiting dendrites and by-products formation. Interestingly, the outer LSPL consists of liquid perfluoropolyether (PFPE), which can dynamically adapt volume change during repeat cycling and inhibit side reactions. Moreover, it can also decrease the de-solvation energy barrier of Zn2+ by strong interaction between C-F bond and foreign Zn2+ , improving Zn2+ transport kinetics. For the LSPL inner region, in-situ formed ZnF2 through the spontaneous chemical reaction between metallic Zn and part PFPE can establish an unimpeded Zn2+ migration pathway for accelerating ion transfer, thereby restricting Zn dendrites formation. Consequently, the LSPL-modified ZMA enables reversible Zn deposition/dissolution up to 2000 h at 1 mA cm-2 and high coulombic efficiency of 99.8% at 4 mA cm-2 . Meanwhile, LSPL@Zn||NH4 V4 O10 full cells deliver an ultralong cycling lifespan of 100 00 cycles with 0.0056% per cycle decay rate at 10 A g-1 . This self-adaptive layer provides a new strategy to improve the interface stability for next-generation aqueous Zn battery.

Carbonized Polymer Dots for Controlling Construction of MoS2 Flower-Like Nanospheres to Achieve High-Performance Li/Na Storage Devices.

Despite being one of the most promising materials in anode materials, molybdenum sulfide (MoS2 ) encounters certain obstacles, such as inadequate cycle stability, low conductivity, and unsatisfactory charge-discharge (CD) rate performance. In this study, a novel approach is employed to address the drawbacks of MoS2 . Carbon polymer dots (CPDs) are incorporated to prepare three-dimensional (3D) nanoflower-like spheres of MoS2 @CPDs through the self-assembly of MoS2 2D nanosheets, followed by annealing at 700 °C. The CPDs play a main role in the creation of the nanoflower-like spheres and also mitigate the MoS2 nanosheet limitations. The nanoflower-like spheres minimize volume changes during cycling and improve the rate performance, leading to exceptional rate performance and cycling stability in both Lithium-ion and Sodium-ion batteries (LIBs and SIBs). The optimized MoS2 @CPDs-2 electrode achieves a superb capacity of 583.4 mA h g-1 at high current density (5 A g-1 ) after 1000 cycles in LIBs, and the capacity remaining of 302.8 mA h g-1 after 500 cycles at 5 A g-1 in SIBs. Additionally, the full cell of LIBs/SIBs exhibits high capacity and good cycling stability, demonstrating its potential for practical application in fast-charging and high-energy storage.

Reshaping Inner Helmholtz Layer and Electrolyte Structure via Multifunctional Organic Molecule Enabling Dendrite-Free Zn Metal Anode.

The dendrite growth and parasitic reactions that occur on Zn metal anode (ZMA)/electrolyte interface hinder the development of aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) in next-generation renewable energy storage systems. Fortunately, reconstructing the inner Helmholtz layer (IHL) by introducing an electrolyte additive, is viewed as one of the most promising strategies to harvest the stable ZMA. Herein, (4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl) (pyridin-4-yl) methanone (CNPM) with quadruple functional groups is introduced into the ZnSO4 electrolyte to reshape the interface between ZMA and electrolyte and change the solvation structure of Zn2+ . Density functional theory (DFT) calculations manifest that the ─C═O, ─Cl, ─C═N─, and ─NO2 functional groups of CNPM interact with metallic Zn simultaneously and adsorb on the ZMA surface in a parallel arrangement manner, thus forming a water-poor IHL and creating well-arranged ion transportation channels. Furthermore, theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that CNPM absorbed on the Zn anode surface can serve as zincophilic sites for inducing uniform Zn deposition along the (002) plane. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of these functions, the dendrite growth and parasitic reactions are suppressed significantly. As a result, ZMA exhibits a long cycle life (2900 h) and high coulombic efficiency (CE) (500 cycles) in the ZnSO4 +CNPM electrolyte.

Analysis and therapeutic targeting of the IL-1R pathway in anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), a subgroup of mature T-cell neoplasms with an aggressive clinical course, is characterized by elevated expression of CD30 and anaplastic cytology. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the molecular characteristics of ALCL pathology and to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities, we applied genome-wide CRISPR library screenings to both anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) and primary cutaneous (pC) ALK- ALCLs and identified an unexpected role of the interleukin-1R (IL-1R) inflammatory pathway in supporting the viability of pC ALK- ALCL. Importantly, this pathway is activated by IL-1α in an autocrine manner, which is essential for the induction and maintenance of protumorigenic inflammatory responses in pC-ALCL cell lines and primary cases. Hyperactivation of the IL-1R pathway is promoted by the A20 loss-of-function mutation in the pC-ALCL lines we analyze and is regulated by the nonproteolytic protein ubiquitination network. Furthermore, the IL-1R pathway promotes JAK-STAT3 signaling activation in ALCLs lacking STAT3 gain-of-function mutation or ALK translocation and enhances the sensitivity of JAK inhibitors in these tumors in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the JAK2/IRAK1 dual inhibitor, pacritinib, exhibited strong activities against pC ALK- ALCL, where the IL-1R pathway is hyperactivated in the cell line and xenograft mouse model. Thus, our studies revealed critical insights into the essential roles of the IL-1R pathway in pC-ALCL and provided opportunities for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Manipulation of the LiZn Alloy Process toward High-Efficiency Lithium Metal Anodes.

Synthesis of alloy-type materials (X) is one of the most effective approaches to limit lithium dendrites in Li metal anode (LMA) because of their satisfactory lithiophilicity and easy electrochemical reaction with lithium. However, current investigations have only focused on the influence of the resulting alloyed products (LiX) on the properties of LMA, but the alloying reaction process between Li+ and X has been mostly ignored. Herein, by masterly taking advantage of the alloying reaction process, a novel approach is developed to more effectively inhibit lithium dendrites than the conventional strategy that just considers the utilization of alloyed products LiX. A three-dimensional substrate material loaded with metallic Zn on the surface of Cu foam is synthesized by a simple electrodeposition process. During Li plating/stripping, both alloy reaction processes between Li+ and Zn and LiZn product are involved, which makes the disordered Li+ flux near the substrate first react with Zn metal and then results in an even Li+ concentration for more uniform Li nucleation and growth. The full cell (Li-Cu@Zn-15//LFP) exhibits the reversible capacity of 122.5 mAh g-1, and a high capacity retention of 95% is achieved after 180 cycles. This work proposes a valuable concept for the development of alloy-type materials in energy storage devices.

Negative life events and aggression among Chinese rural left-behind adolescents: do self-esteem and resilience mediate the relationship?

BACKGROUND: Left-behind adolescents (LBAs) are adolescents aged 11-18 years who are separated from their parents and left behind in local cities by one or both parents for a period of more than 6 months. LBAs in rural areas are likely to engage in aggressive behavior, which can affect interpersonal relationships, reduce academic performance, and even lead to anxiety and depression. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the mediating effect of resilience and self-esteem on the relationship between negative life events and aggression among Chinese rural LBAs. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between negative life events and aggression among Chinese rural LBAs and how self-esteem and resilience mediate the association. METHODS: Using a stratified random sampling method, 1344 LBAs in Hunan Province of China were investigated. Information was collected by a self-designed sociodemographic questionnaire, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, Resilience Scale Chinese Adolescent, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Aggression Scales to assess the psychology of LBAs. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis to estimate direct and indirect effects using bootstrap analysis. RESULTS: Negative life events were significantly related to self-esteem (r = - 0.338), resilience (r = - 0.359), and aggression (r = 0.441). Aggression was directly affected by self-esteem (ß = - 0.44) and resilience (ß = - 0.34). Negative life events were not only directly related to aggression (ß = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.275 ~ 0.398) but also showed an indirect effect on aggression through self-esteem and resilience. The direct effect, total effect and indirect effect of negative life events on aggression through self-esteem and resilience were 0.3364, 0.4344 and 0.0980, respectively. The mediating effect of self-esteem and resilience accounted for 22.56% of the relationship between negative life events and aggression. CONCLUSIONS: We found that self-esteem and resilience mediated most negative life events on aggression. It is imperative for educators and families to improve LBAs' self-esteem and resilience to reduce the occurrence of aggression. Future intervention studies should be designed to strengthen self-esteem and resilience.

Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and poses a physical and psychological threat to patients. Mindfulness-based interventions are emerging forms of psychotherapy that are effective in improving physical and psychological symptoms, but no review has summarized their effectiveness on anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with lung cancer. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with lung cancer. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Science and Technology Journal databases from inception to 13 April 2022. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials of people with lung cancer receiving mindfulness-based interventions reporting on the outcomes of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Two researchers independently reviewed the abstracts and full texts, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias independently by using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias assessment tool'. The meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.4, and the effect size was calculated by the standardized mean difference and its 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The systematic review included 25 studies (2420 participants), whereas the meta-analysis included 18 studies (1731 participants). Mindfulness-based interventions significantly decreased levels of anxiety [standardized mean difference = -1.15, 95% confidence interval (-1.36, -0.94), Z = 10.75, P < 0.001], depression [standardized mean difference = -1.04, 95% confidence interval (-1.60, -0.48), Z = 3.66, P < 0.001], and fatigue [standardized mean difference = -1.29, 95% confidence interval (-1.66, -0.91), Z = 6.79, P < 0.001]. The subgroup analysis indicated that programs lasting less than eight weeks in length with structured intervention components (e.g., mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy) and 45 min of daily home practice implemented in patients with advanced stage lung cancer showed better effects than programs lasting more than eight weeks in length with less structured components and more than 45 min of daily home practice implemented in patients with mixed stage lung cancer. The overall quality of the evidence was low due to the lack of allocation concealment and blinding and the high risk of bias in most studies (80%). CONCLUSIONS: Mindfulness-based interventions might be effective in reducing anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with lung cancer. However, we cannot draw definitive conclusions because the overall quality of the evidence was low. More rigorous studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness and examine which intervention components may be most effective for improved outcomes.

Carbonized Polymer Dots with Controllable N, O Functional Groups as Electrolyte Additives to Achieve Stable Li Metal Batteries.

Electrolyte additive is an effective strategy to inhibit the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites for lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, most of the additives are complex synthesis and prone to decompose in cycling. Herein, in order to guide the homogeneous deposition of Li+ , carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) as electrolyte additives are successfully designed and synthesized by microwave (M-CPDs) and hydrothermal (H-CPDs) approaches. The controllable functional groups containing N or O (especially pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and carboxyl group) enable CPDs to keep stable in electrolytes for at least 3 months. Meanwhile, the clusters formed between CPDs and Li+ through electrostatic interaction effectively guide the uniform Li dispersion and limit the "tip effect" and dendrite formation. Moreover, as lithiophilic groups increase, the strong electrostatic interference for the solvation effect of Li+ in the electrolyte is formed, which induces faster Li+ diffusion/transfer. As expected, H-CPDs achieve the ultra-even Li+ transfer. The corresponding Li//LiFePO4 full cell delivers a high capacity retention rate of 93.8% after 200 cycles, which is much higher than that of the cells without additives (61.2%) and with M-CPDs (83.7%) as additives. The strategy in this work provides a theoretical direction for CPDs as electrolyte additives used in energy storage devices.

Construction of Bimetallic Heterojunction Based on Porous Engineering for High Performance Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

It remains a great challenge to design and manufacture battery-type supercapacitors with satisfactory flexibility, appropriate mechanical property, and high energy density under high power density. Herein, a concept of porous engineering is proposed to simply prepare two-layered bimetallic heterojunction with porous structures. This concept is successfully applied in fabrication of flexible electrode based on CuO-Co(OH)2 lamella on Cu-plated carbon cloth (named as CPCC@CuO@Co(OH)2 ). The unique structure brings the electrode a high specific capacity of 3620 mF cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2 and appropriate mechanical properties with Young's modulus of 302.0 MPa. Density functional theory calculations show that porous heterojunction provides a higher intensity of electron state density near the Fermi level (E-Ef  = 0 eV), leading to a highly conductive CPCC@CuO@Co(OH)2 electrode with both efficient charge transport and rapid ion diffusion. Notably, the supercapacitor assembled from CPCC@CuO@Co(OH)2 //CC@AC shows high energy density of 127.7 W h kg-1 at 750.0 W kg-1 , remarkable cycling performance (95.53% capacity maintaining after 10 000 cycles), and desired mechanical flexibility. The methodology and results in this work will accelerate the transformative developments of flexible energy storage devices in practical applications.

ZnF2 -Riched Inorganic/Organic Hybrid SEI: in situ-Chemical Construction and Performance-Improving Mechanism for Aqueous Zinc-ion Batteries.

Uncontrolled dendrites growth and serious parasitic reactions in aqueous electrolytes, greatly hinder the practical application of aqueous zinc-ion battery. On the basis of in situ-chemical construction and performance-improving mechanism, multifunctional fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is introduced into aqueous electrolyte to construct a high-quality and ZnF2 -riched inorganic/organic hybrid SEI (ZHS) layer on Zn metal anode (ZMA) surface. Notably, FEC additive can regulate the solvated structure of Zn2+ to reduce H2 O molecules reactivity. Additionally, the ZHS layer with strong Zn2+ affinity can avoid dendrites formation and hinder the direct contact between the electrolyte and anode. Therefore, the dendrites growth, Zn corrosion, and H2 evolution reaction on ZMA in FEC-included ZnSO4 electrolyte are highly suppressed. Thus, ZMA in such electrolyte realize a long cycle life over 1000 h and deliver a stable coulombic efficiency of 99.1 % after 500 cycles.

Analysis and therapeutic targeting of the EP300 and CREBBP acetyltransferases in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) share a similar cytological and high surface expression of CD30, and novel therapeutic strategies are needed. The EP300 and CREBBP acetyltransferases play essential roles in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma, but their functions in ALCL and HL are unknown. In the current study, we investigated the physiological roles of EP300 and CREBBP in both ALCL and HL, and exploited the therapeutic potential of EP300/CREBBP small molecule inhibitors that target either the HAT or bromodomain activities. Our studies demonstrated distinct roles for EP300 and CREBBP in supporting the viability of ALCL and HL, which was bolstered by the transcriptome analyses. Specifically, EP300 but not CREBBP directly modulated the expression of oncogenic MYC/IRF4 network, surface receptor CD30, immunoregulatory cytokines IL10 and LTA, and immune checkpoint protein PD-L1. Importantly, EP300/CREBBP HAT inhibitor A-485 and bromodomain inhibitor CPI-637 exhibited strong activities against ALCL and HL in vitro and in xenograft mouse models, and inhibited PD-L1 mediated tumor immune escape. Thus, our studies revealed critical insights into the physiological roles of EP300/CREBBP in these lymphomas, and provided opportunities for developing novel strategies for both targeted and immune therapies.

Advanced flame-retardant electrolyte for highly stabilized K-ion storage in graphite anode.

Although graphite anodes operated with representative de/intercalation patterns at low potentials are considered highly desirable for K-ion batteries, the severe capacity fading caused by consecutive reduction reactions on the aggressively reactive surface is inevitable given the scarcity of effective protecting layers. Herein, by introducing a flame-retardant localized high-concentration electrolyte with retentive solvation configuration and relatively weakened anion-coordination and non-solvating fluorinated ether, the rational solid electrolyte interphase characterized by well-balanced inorganic/organic components is tailored in situ. This effectively prevented solvents from excessively decomposing and simultaneously improved the resistance against K-ion transport. Consequently, the graphite anode retained a prolonged cycling capability of up to 1400cycles (245 mA h g-1, remaining above 12mon) with an excellent capacity retention of as high as 92.4%. This is superior to those of conventional and high-concentration electrolytes. Thus, the optimized electrolyte with moderate salt concentration is perfectly compatible with graphite, providing a potential application prospect for K-storage evolution.

Spatially Confined Li Growth on Honeycomb-like Lithiophilic Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet Arrays toward a Stable Li Metal Anode.

A lithium metal anode (LMA) is appealing due to its high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. Unfortunately, the practical application of LMAs is restricted by the uncontrollable Li dendrite growth and tremendous volume change. Herein, lithiophilic honeycomb-like layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheet arrays supported on a flexible carbon cloth (NiMn-LDHs NAs@CC) are synthesized as the Li host to spatially confine the Li deposition, guiding Li growth via a conformal and uniform manner. First, the lithiophilic NiMn-LDHs NAs as nucleation seeds render the CC substance outstanding lithiophilicity and reduce the nucleation barrier. The hierarchical honeycomb-like structure then directs the oriented Li deposition and provides an open channel for fast ion transport. Finally, the CC skeleton offers a high specific surface for decreasing the inhomogeneous distribution of the current density and enough space for alleviating the volume variations, synergistically inhibiting the dendritic Li growth. As a consequence, the NiMn-LDHs NAs@CC symmetric cell exhibits a low overpotential of less than 17 mV at 2 mA cm-2 and a long lifespan of 2100 h at 3 mA cm-2. In addition, when paired with the LiNiCoMnO2 (NCM111) cathode, the NiMn-LDHs NAs@CC@Li full cell presents enhanced cycling stability and rate capability in comparison to the CC@Li full cell, implying the great potential of the NiMn-LDHs NAs@CC in stabilizing the LMA.

Ion sieve membrane: Homogenizing Li+ flux and restricting polysulfides migration enables long life and highly stable Li-S battery.

Limited by the notorious Li dendrites growth and serious polysulfide shuttle effect, the development of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is stagnant. Herein, a multifunctional separator composed of Cu-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) and Li-Nafion was proposed to address the above intractable issues. The Cu-MOF with homogeneous porous structure and abundant Lewis acidic sites not only promotes uniform Li+ flux, but also exhibits a strong chemical interaction with polysulfides to inhibit the shuttle effect. Moreover, the narrow pore size distribution in the Cu-MOF and negatively charged gap endowed by the -SO3- groups both act as ion sieve to facilitate the passage of Li+ and restrict the migration of polysulfide anions, synergistically mitigating the dendritic Li growth and polysulfides shuttling. As a result, the symmetric cell with MOF/Nafion separator achieves ultralong cycling stability (1000 h) and ultralow overpotential of 20 mV at a current density of 1.0 mA cm-2. Importantly, in the assembled Li-S full battery, the modified PP separator presents the superior cycle stability with capacity retention of 90% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C. Current outcomes open up a new route to design functional separators with ion permselective for realizing the dendrite-free and high-performance Li-S battery.

Uniform Zn2+ Flux Distribution Achieved by an Artificial Three-Dimensional Framework: The Enhanced Ion-Transfer Kinetics for Long-Life and Dendrite-Free Zn Anodes.

Zinc metal has been naturally considered as the most anticipated anode material for zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), given the benefits of large volume specific capacity, low electrode potential, and inexpensive cost. However, the growth of zinc dendrites and the corrosion of hydrogen evolution during the Zn2+ ion deposition process are the bottlenecks restricting the large-scale application of zinc metal. Herein, we report the modification of zinc anodes by utilizing a ball-milling clay precipitate (designated as BMC, consisting of the unetched MAX phase and the Ti3C2Tx phase) to construct a three-dimensional (3D) framework on the surface of zinc foil (Zn@BMC). Different from the close stacking of conventionally prepared MXene sheets after film formation, the BMC coating firmly adheres to the zinc surface through the binder. The abundant internal space relieves the stress during the volume change of the Zn metal and uniformizes the Zn2+ ion flux. Consequently, Zn@BMC not only achieves a stable long cycle (2000 h, 0.5 mA h cm-2) but also inhibits the side reaction of hydrogen evolution by physically separating the electrolyte and the zinc metal anode. We reckon that our research will aid in clarifying the design principles governing the interface of the zinc metal anode in ZIBs.

Covalent Organic Framework with Highly Accessible Carbonyls and π-Cation Effect for Advanced Potassium-Ion Batteries.

Covalent organic frameworks (COF) possess a robust and porous crystalline structure, making them an appealing candidate for energy storage. Herein, we report an exfoliated polyimide COF composite (P-COF@SWCNT) prepared by an in situ condensation of anhydride and amine on the single-walled carbon nanotubes as advanced anode for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Numerous active sites exposed on the exfoliated frameworks and the various open pathways promote the highly efficient ion diffusion in the P-COF@SWCNT while preventing irreversible dissolution in the electrolyte. During the charging/discharging process, K+ is engaged in the carbonyls of imide group and naphthalene rings through the enolization and π-K+ effect, which is demonstrated by the DFT calculation and XPS, ex-situ FTIR, Raman. As a result, the prepared P-COF@SWCNT anode enables an incredibly high reversible specific capacity of 438 mA h g-1 at 0.05 A g-1 and extended stability. The structural advantage of P-COF@SWCNT enables more insights into the design and versatility of COF as an electrode.

Tertiary hospital nurses' ethical sensitivity and its influencing factors: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: High ethical sensitivity positively affects the quality of nursing care; nevertheless, Chinese nurses' ethical sensitivity and the factors influencing it have not been described. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe ethical sensitivity and to explore factors influencing it among Chinese-registered nurses, to help nursing administrators improve nurses' ethical sensitivity, build harmony between nurses and patients, and promote the patients' health. RESEARCH DESIGN: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: We recruited 500 nurses from several departments in three tertiary hospitals. The Chinese Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-Revised version and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professionals were used to assess the nurses' ethical sensitivity and empathy ability, respectively. Fifteen sociodemographic variables were included in the questionnaires. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Informed consent was obtained from the participants regarding participation and data storage and handling. This program has been examined and supported by the research center of medical ethics and professional ethics of Guilin Medical University. The Approval No. was 2016RWYB04. The whole research process is conducted strictly according to ethical requirements. RESULTS: The valid response rate was 84.40% (n = 422). The total score of Chinese Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-Revised was 35.82 ± 8.17. The subscale scores of moral responsibility and strength and sense of moral burden were 21.50 ± 4.91 and 14.33 ± 3.98, respectively. Significant differences were found among age groups, gender, years of working, category of profession, and quality of family communication regarding nurses' ethical sensitivity (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that the main factors influencing nurses' ethical sensitivity were gender, years of working, quality of family communication, career satisfaction, and empathic ability. DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that Chinese nurses' ethical sensitivity in tertiary hospitals in Guilin is at a medium level. CONCLUSION: The director of nursing schools and hospitals in China should pay attention to nurses' ethical sensitivity and should intensify education and training to improve nurses' ethical sensitivity. Further studies should focus on interventions aimed at improving Chinese nurses' ethical sensitivity.