Bacterial communities associated with an occurrence of colored water in an urban drinking water distribution system.

This study aimed to investigate bacterial community in an urban drinking water distribution system (DWDS) during an occurrence of colored water. Variation in the bacterial community diversity and structure was observed among the different waters, with the predominance of Proteobacteria. While Verrucomicrobia was also a major phylum group in colored water. Limnobacter was the major genus group in colored water, but Undibacterium predominated in normal tap water. The coexistence of Limnobacter as well as Sediminibacterium and Aquabacterium might contribute to the formation of colored water.

[A case-control mortality study of migrant pregnant women in Zhejiang province].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mortality factors of migrant pregnant women and learn the healthcare utilization status to provide efficient interventions. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in Zhejiang province with a case-control ratio of 1: 4. Cases included migrant pregnant women who died. And controls were migrant pregnant women who survived and matched with single birth, age, hospital and gestational weeks. A questionnaire was used to survey social and demographic factors, healthcare status during antenatal or postpartum period and delivery conditions, etc. RESULTS: Seventy-two cases and 288 controls were recruited. There were significant differences in socio-demographic, antenatal care and obstetric complications between two groups (P < 0.05). No prenatal examination was an important factor affecting maternal mortality by multivariate conditional Logistic regression. CONCLUSION: Prenatal examination is an important influencing factor of maternal mortality. And improving the ability of utilizing health care system is an efficient method of lowering the migrant maternal mortality.

Risk factors for the development of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.

BACKGROUND: Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN), as a precursor of vaginal cancer, is a rare disease. Its prevalence has not been well analyzed. This research is to ascertain the risk factors for VAIN in a Chinese population. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted, including 63 VAIN cases and 64 healthy controls. In all subjects Pap smear and HPV tests were performed. A questionnaire survey was distributed, covering information on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking, past history, reproductive and sexual histories. The clinical pathological data were collected from medical records including symptoms, Pap smear results, grade of lesions, and human papillomavirus (HPV) status. RESULTS: Postmenopausal women had a 2.09 times higher risk for VAIN than pre-menopausal women (95%CI: 1.10 - 3.85; P = 0.024). The patients with previous hysterectomy had an increased risk of VAIN (OR = 4.69; P = 0.003). Patients with a history of cervical cancer or CIN were predisposed to VAIN (OR = 78.75; P < 0.0001). The rate of HPV infection in VAIN was significantly higher than in controls, and an increased risk of VAIN was observed in patients with higher viral load (OR = 126.00; P = 0.000). Multivariate analysis showed that HPV infection and a history of CIN or cervical cancer were still found to be significant in patients. CONCLUSION: HPV infection and a history of CIN or cervical cancer are the main risk factors for the development of VAIN.

[Status of mother's KAP on child immunization in minority areas, Guizhou Province].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the status of mothers' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) and its related factors and provide evidences for further effective implementation on childhood immunization in Guizhou Province. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study, in which 591 mothers of children under 2 years were surveyed with structured questionnaires in six selected counties of Qiandongnan Canton. RESULTS: Mothers' knowledge, attitudes and practices on childhood immunization were at a low level and influenced by educational background, county's economical level, mother's age, household size and ethnic groups. The childhood immunization was also at a low level. Among the 290 youngest children in a household survey, the coverage rate of all five vaccines (including HBV, BCG, OPV, DTP and measles vaccine) was 35.2%, and 12.3% of the surveyed children had never been immunized since birth. The main source of knowledge on immunization was interpersonal communication. CONCLUSION: Considering mothers' poor KAP status and low education level, health education on immunization should be implemented though interpersonal communication via assistant media, and educating emphases should be laid on some special-characteristics targets.