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The anaerobic biological treatment of landfill leachate frequently encounters the souring problems because of the high concentration of organic in landfill leachate. Nonetheless, the performance of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is commendable in terms of removal of organic compounds. Hence, this study explored the effect of organic concentration and hydraulic retention time(HRT) on the removal performance of actual landfill leachate, additionally, carbon conversion through carbon mass balance analysis was analyzed, in order to determine the optimal treatment potential of AnMBR in treating landfill leachate. For HRT values between 14.5 h and 34.6 h, and the influent COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) range of 12,773.33-15706.67 mg/L, AnMBR could efficiently treat landfill leachate. As HRT was fixed at 14.5 h and influent COD was around 12,206.7-15,373.33 mg/L, AnMBR achieved a maximum organic removal rate of 18.22 ± 0.51 kg COD/(m3âd) with methane yield of 0.24 ± 0.01 m3 CH4/kg COD and methane content of 88.26%. Based on carbon mass balance, increasing COD concentration in the influent (less than 16,000 mg/L) boosted the conversion of organic compounds (45.19 ± 4.24%) into CH4; while decreasing HRT (more than 27.0 h) also promoted the conversion of organic compounds into CH4 (38.36-60.93%) resulting in a decreased TOC (Total Organic Carbon) loss by 2.02-7.19% with outflow. AnMBR may efficiently produce methane while treating landfill leachate by assessing the random forest model (RF) and adjusting the balance between HRT and influent COD concentration.
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Análise da Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio , Reatores Biológicos , Metano , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Metano/metabolismo , Anaerobiose , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodosRESUMO
We investigated Alongshan virus infection in reindeer in northeastern China. We found that 4.8% of the animals were viral RNA-positive, 33.3% tested positive for IgG, and 19.1% displayed neutralizing antibodies. These findings suggest reindeer could serve as sentinel animal species for the epidemiologic surveillance of Alongshan virus infection.
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Anticorpos Antivirais , Rena , Animais , Rena/virologia , China/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/virologia , RNA Viral , Imunoglobulina G/sangueRESUMO
Metasurface holograms, with the capability to manipulate spatial light amplitudes and phases, are considered next-generation solutions for holographic imaging. However, conventional fabrication approaches for meta-atoms are heavily dependent on electron-beam lithography (EBL), a technique known for its expensive and time-consuming nature. In this paper, a polarization-insensitive metasurface hologram is proposed using a cost-effective and rapid nanoimprinting method with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle loaded polymer (NLP). Based on a simulation, it has been found that, despite a reduction in the aspect ratio of meta-atoms of nearly 20%, which is beneficial to silicon master etching, NLP filling, and the mold release processes, imaging efficiency can go up to 54% at wavelength of 532 nm. In addition, it demonstrates acceptable imaging quality at wavelengths of 473 and 671 nm. Moreover, the influence of fabrication errors and nanoimprinting material degradation in terms of residual layer thickness, meta-atom loss or fracture, thermal-induced dimensional variation, non-uniform distribution of TiO2 particles, etc., on the performance is investigated. The simulation results indicate that the proposed device exhibits a high tolerance to these defects, proving its applicability and robustness in practice.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Circle of Willis (COW) is a crucial mechanism for cerebral collateral circulation. This proof-ofconcept study aims to develop and assess an analysis method to characterize the hemodynamics of the arterial segments in COW using arterial spin labeling (ASL) based non-contrast enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance angiography (dMRA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The developed analysis method uses a graph model, bootstrap strategy, and ensemble learning methodologies to determine the time-curve shift from ASL dMRA to estimate the flow direction within the COW. The performance of the method was assessed on 52 subjects, using the flow direction, either antegrade or retrograde, derived from 3D phase contrast (PC) MRI as the reference. RESULTS: A total of 340 arterial segments in COW were evaluated, among which 30 (8.8%) had retrograde flow according to 3D PC. The ASL dMRA-based flow direction estimation has an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 95.47%, 80%, and 96.34%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using ASL dMRA and the developed image analysis method to estimate the flow direction in COW is feasible. This study provides a new method to assess the hemodynamics of the COW, which could be useful for the diagnosis and study of cerebrovascular diseases. ABBREVIATIONS: COW = Circle of Willis; ASL = arterial spin labeling; dMRA =dynamic magnetic resonance angiography; PC = phase contrast.
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Sarcopenia greatly reduces the quality of life of the elderly, and iron metabolism plays an important role in muscle loss. This study aimed to investigate the association between iron status and sarcopenia. A total of 286 adult patients hospitalized between 2019 and 2021 were included in this study, of which 117 were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin, and transferrin saturation levels were compared between groups with and without sarcopenia and were included in the logistic analyses, with significant variables further included in the logistic regression model for the prediction of sarcopenia. Serum iron, TIBC, and transferrin levels decreased significantly in the sarcopenia group (p < 0.05), and were negatively associated with handgrip strength, relative skeletal muscle index, and multiple test performances (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and serum iron level were independent risk factors for sarcopenia. In the final logistic regression model, male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67-7.98), age > 65 years (OR 5.40, 95% CI 2.25-12.95), BMI < 24 kg/m2 (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.08-0.36), and serum iron < 10.95 µmol/L (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.93) were included. Our study supported the impact of iron metabolism on muscle strength and performance.
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Ferro , Sarcopenia , Transferrina , Humanos , Sarcopenia/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Ferro/sangue , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transferrina/metabolismo , Transferrina/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Força da Mão , Fatores de Risco , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Modelos Logísticos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
Apigenin, a natural flavonoid compound found in chamomile (Matricaia chamomilla L.) from the Asteraceae family, has been shown in our previous study to possess antimyocardial hypertrophy and anti-cardiac fibrosis effects. However, its effects and mechanisms on the pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by doxorubicin (DOX) are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of GSK-3ß and the effects of apigenin in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. H9c2 cells stimulated with DOX were treated with SB216763 and apigenin. Additionally, a mouse model of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was prepared and further treated with apigenin and SB216763 for 30 days. The findings revealed that treatment with SB216763 or apigenin resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of pyroptosis-related factors. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of GSK-3ß was enhanced while the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) p65 was reduced following treatment with either SB216763 or apigenin. Conversely, the effects of apigenin treatment were nullified in siRNA-GSK-3ß-transfected cells. Results from computer simulation and molecular docking analysis supported that apigenin could directly target the regulation of GSK-3ß. Therefore, our study confirmed that the inhibition of GSK-3ß and treatment with apigenin effectively suppressed the pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes in both DOX-stimulated H9c2 cells and mice. These benefits may be attributed in part to the decrease in GSK-3ß expression and subsequent reduction in NF-κB p65 activation. Overall, our findings revealed that the pharmacological targeting of GSK-3ß may offer a promising therapeutic approach for alleviating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Apigenina , Doxorrubicina , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Miócitos Cardíacos , Piroptose , Apigenina/farmacologia , Animais , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Piroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Linhagem Celular , Masculino , Ratos , Cardiotoxicidade/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiotoxicidade/prevenção & controle , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Indóis/farmacologia , MaleimidasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The incidence of Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infection has increased in recent years with the development of organ transplantation and the widespread use of immunosuppressive agents. However, the lack of clinical suspicion leading to delay or misdiagnosis is an important reason for the high mortality rate in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-endemic population. Herein, we report a case of disseminated T. marneffei infection in a non-HIV and non-endemic recipient after renal transplant, who initially presented with skin rashes and subcutaneous nodules and developed gastrointestinal bleeding. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a 54-year-old renal transplantation recipient presented with scattered rashes, subcutaneous nodules and ulcerations on the head, face, abdomen, and right upper limb. The HIV antibody test was negative. The patient had no obvious symptoms such as fever, cough, etc. Histopathological result of the skin lesion sites showed chronic suppurative inflammation with a large number of fungal spores. Subsequent fungal culture suggested T. marneffei infection. Amphotericin B deoxycholate was given for antifungal treatment, and there was no deterioration in the parameters of liver and kidney function. Unfortunately, the patient was soon diagnosed with gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal perforation and acute peritonitis. Then he rapidly developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and abandoned treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of fatal gastrointestinal bleeding can be significantly increased in kidney transplant patients with T. marneffei infection because of the long-term side effects of post-transplant medications. Strengthening clinical awareness and using mNGS or mass spectrometry technologies to improve the detection rate and early diagnosis of T. marneffei are crucial for clinical treatment in non-HIV and non-endemic population.
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Transplante de Rim , Micoses , Talaromyces , Transplantados , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Ácido Desoxicólico , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Evolução Fatal , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Micoses/diagnóstico , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Micoses/microbiologia , Talaromyces/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Background: GST-HG171 is a potent, broad-spectrum, orally bioavailable small-molecule 3C like protease inhibitor that has demonstrated greater potency and efficacy compared to Nirmatrelvir in pre-clinical studies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered GST-HG171 plus Ritonavir in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected with emerging XBB and non-XBB variants. Methods: This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial was conducted in 47 sites in China among adult patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 with symptoms onset ≤72 h. Eligible patients were randomised 1:1 to receive GST-HG171 (150 mg) plus Ritonavir (100 mg) or corresponding placebo tablets twice daily for 5 days, with stratification factors including the risk level of disease progression and vaccination status. The primary efficacy endpoint was time to sustained recovery of clinical symptoms within 28 days, defined as a score of 0 for 11 COVID-19-related target symptoms for 2 consecutive days, assessed in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05656443) and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200067088). Findings: Between Dec 19, 2022, and May 4, 2023, 1525 patients were screened. Among 1246 patients who underwent randomisation, most completed basic (21.2%) or booster (74.9%) COVID-19 immunization, and most had a low risk of disease progression at baseline. 610 of 617 who received GST-HG171 plus Ritonavir and 603 of 610 who received placebo were included in the mITT population. Patients who received GST-HG171 plus Ritonavir showed shortened median time to sustained recovery of clinical symptoms compared to the placebo group (13.0 days [95.45% confidence interval 12.0-15.0] vs. 15.0 days [14.0-15.0], P = 0.031). Consistent results were observed in both SARS-CoV-2 XBB (45.7%, 481/1053 of mITT population) and non-XBB variants (54.3%, 572/1053 of mITT population) subgroups. Incidence of adverse events was similar in the GST-HG171 plus Ritonavir (320/617, 51.9%) and placebo group (298/610, 48.9%). The most common adverse events in both placebo and treatment groups were hypertriglyceridaemia (10.0% vs. 14.7%). No deaths occurred. Interpretation: Treatment with GST-HG171 plus Ritonavir has demonstrated benefits in symptom recovery and viral clearance among low-risk vaccinated adult patients with COVID-19, without apparent safety concerns. As most patients were treated within 2 days after symptom onset in our study, confirming the potential benefits of symptom recovery for patients with a longer duration between symptom onset and treatment initiation will require real-world studies. Funding: Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
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Renal fibrosis poses a significant threat to individuals suffering from chronic progressive kidney disease. Given the absence of effective medications for treating renal fibrosis, it becomes crucial to assess the extent of fibrosis in real time and explore the development of novel drugs with substantial therapeutic benefits. Due to the accumulation of renal tissue damage and the uncontrolled deposition of fibrotic matrix during the course of the disease, there is an increase in viscosity both intracellularly and extracellularly. Therefore, a viscosity-sensitive near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging probe, BDP-KY, was developed to detect aberrant changes in viscosity during fibrosis. Furthermore, BDP-KY has been applied to screen the effective components of herbal medicine, rhubarb, resulting in the identification of potential antirenal fibrotic compounds such as emodin-8-glucoside and chrysophanol 8-O-glucoside. Ultrasound, PA, and NIRF imaging of a unilateral uretera obstruction mice model show that different concentrations of emodin-8-glucoside and chrysophanol 8-O-glucoside effectively reduce viscosity levels during the renal fibrosis process. The histological results showed a significant decrease in fibrosis factors α-smooth muscle actin and collagen deposition. Combining these findings with their pharmacokinetic characteristics, these compounds have the potential to fill the current market gap for effective antirenal fibrosis drugs. This study demonstrates the potential of BDP-KY in the evaluation of renal fibrosis, and the two identified active components from rhubarb hold great promise for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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When we complete sequential movements with different intentions, we plan our movements and adjust ahead. Such a phenomenon is called anticipatory planning for prior intentions and is known to decline with age. In daily life activities, we often need to consider and plan for multiple demands in one movement sequence. However, previous studies only considered one dimension of prior intentions, either different types of onward actions or different precisions of fit or placement. Therefore, in this study, we investigated anticipatory planning for both extrinsic (movement direction) and intrinsic (fit precision) target-related properties in a computer-based movement task and analyzed the computer cursor movement kinematics of both young and older adults. We found that older people consider and adjust for different properties step-by-step, with movement direction being considered as a prior intention during reach movement and fit precision as a motor constraint during drop movement. The age-related changes in the completion of onward actions are constrained by one's general cognitive ability, sensorimotor performance and effective motor planning for prior intentions. Age-related decline in motor planning can manifest as counterproductive movement profiles, resulting in suboptimal performance of intended actions.
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) omicron strain was first detected in South Africa in November 2021. Although clinical responses to SARS-CoV-2 depend on host immunity, it remains uncertain how immunosuppression affects subsequent coronavirus disease 2019-related (COVID-19-related) incidence, severity, and mortality, especially with respect to the omicron strain. Conversely, immunosuppressants are often thought to predispose to infection. To explore the associations between host immunity and infection with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants, here we discuss two groups of immunosuppressed patients: organ transplant recipients, who generally receive exogenous immunosuppressants, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected patients, who often have disease-related immunosuppression. In summarizing the clinical features and prognoses of HIV-infected patients and human organ transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants, we provide new insights into the pathogenesis of omicron SARS-CoV-2 and provide a framework for the management of these patients now and in the future.
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COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Transplante de Órgãos , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Imunossupressores/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has become an increasing concern for patients due to the widespread clinical use of nephrotoxic drugs. Currently, the early diagnosis of AKI is still challenging and the available therapeutic drugs cannot meet the clinical demand. Herein, this work has investigated the key redox couple involved in AKI and develops a tailored photoacoustic (PA) imaging probe (AB-DiOH) which can reversibly respond to hypochlorite (ClO-)/glutathione (GSH) with high specificity and sensitivity. This probe enables the real-time monitoring of AKI by noninvasive PA imaging, with better detection sensitivity than the blood test. Furthermore, this probe is utilized for screening nephroprotective drugs among natural products. For the first time, astragalin is discovered to be a potential new drug for the treatment of AKI. After oral administration, astragalin can be efficiently absorbed by the animal body, alleviate kidney injury, and meanwhile induce no damage to other normal tissues. The treatment mechanism of astragalin has also been revealed to be the simultaneous inhibition of oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and cuproposis. The developed PA imaging probe and the discovered drug candidate provide a promising new tool and strategy for the early diagnosis and effective treatment of AKI.
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Injúria Renal Aguda , Técnicas Fotoacústicas , Técnicas Fotoacústicas/métodos , Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico por imagem , Injúria Renal Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Injúria Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Animais , Camundongos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ferroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Ácido Hipocloroso/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa/química , Quempferóis/química , Quempferóis/farmacologia , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim/metabolismo , Descoberta de DrogasAssuntos
Cistectomia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Cistectomia/métodos , Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Segurança , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To explore the characteristics of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) in B-scan ultrasonography. DESIGN: Single-center case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 106 eyes of 56 patients with biopsy-proven VRL and 86 eyes of 59 patients with uveitis were included. METHODS: B-scan ultrasonography of the included eyes was performed. Evaluated were the ultrasonographic signs as well as a special pattern termed centrifugal condensation, which refers to the peripherally hyperreflective appearance of the vitreous haze in ultrasonography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Posterior vitreous detachment, vitreoretinal adhesion, location of vitreous haze, thickening or occupying lesions of the retina, retinal detachment, and centrifugal condensation pattern of vitreous haze were evaluated through B-scan ultrasonography. The incidences of these signs were compared between the 2 groups; odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. RESULTS: The incidence of vitreoretinal adhesion in patients with VRL (6/106) was lower than in patients with uveitis (20/86; P = 0.001; OR: 0.195; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.073-0.522). The incidence of retinal thickening or occupying lesions in patients with VRL (21/106) was higher than that in patients with uveitis (1/86; P = 0.005; OR: 19.068; 95% CI: 2.455-148.265). The incidences of posterior vitreous detachment and retinal detachment were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P = 0.453 and P = 0.310, respectively). The centrifugal condensation pattern was more likely to be observed in patients with VRL (49/106) than in patients with uveitis (13/86; P < 0.001; OR: 4.831; 95% CI: 2.416-9.660). CONCLUSIONS: B-scan ultrasonography might help to provide clues for the suspicion of VRL. Thickening or occupying lesions of the retina and centrifugal condensation pattern of vitreous haze might be suggestive of VRL. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Endoftalmite , Neoplasias Oculares , Linfoma , Descolamento Retiniano , Doenças Retinianas , Neoplasias da Retina , Uveíte , Descolamento do Vítreo , Humanos , Descolamento do Vítreo/diagnóstico , Descolamento do Vítreo/etiologia , Descolamento do Vítreo/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Corpo Vítreo/diagnóstico por imagem , Corpo Vítreo/patologia , Neoplasias da Retina/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Retina/patologia , Descolamento Retiniano/patologia , Uveíte/diagnóstico , Doenças Retinianas/patologia , Linfoma/diagnóstico , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Erzhi pills (EZP), a traditional Chinese medicine formula prescribed for the treatment of vitiligo, has shown promising efficacy. However, the oral bioactive components and mechanisms underlying the promotion of melanogenesis by EZP remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological basis and mechanism of EZP in promoting melanogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: UHPLC-TOF-MS analysis was used to identify absorbed phytochemicals in serum after oral administration of EZP. Network pharmacology methods were used to predict potential targets and pathways involved in the melanogenic activity of EZP, resulting in the construction of a "compound-target-pathway" network. Zebrafish and B16F10 cells were used to evaluate the effects of EZP on tyrosinase activity and melanin content. Western blot and ELISA analyses were used to validate the effects of EZP on melanogenesis-related proteins, including MITF, TYR, CREB, p-CREB, and cAMP. RESULTS: UHPLC-TOF-MS analysis identified 36 compounds derived from EZP in serum samples. Network pharmacology predictions revealed 89 target proteins associated with the identified compounds and closely related to vitiligo. GO and KEGG analyses indicated the involvement of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in the promotion of melanogenesis by EZP. Experimental results showed that EZP increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content in zebrafish and B16F10 cells without inducing toxicity. Western blot and ELISA results suggested that the melanogenic effect of EZP may be related to the activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. These results confirm the feasibility of combining serum pharmacological and network pharmacological approaches. CONCLUSIONS: EZP have the potential to increase tyrosinase activity and melanin content in zebrafish and cells possibly through activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Melanoma Experimental , Vitiligo , Animais , Melaninas/metabolismo , Peixe-Zebra , Melanogênese , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma Experimental/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Fator de Transcrição Associado à Microftalmia/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Progression of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is associated with ischemic stroke events and can be quantified with three-dimensional (3D) intracranial vessel wall (IVW) MRI. However, longitudinal 3D IVW studies are limited and ICAD evolution remains relatively unknown. PURPOSE: To evaluate ICAD changes longitudinally and to characterize the imaging patterns of atherosclerotic plaque evolution. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. POPULATION: 37 patients (69 ± 12 years old, 12 females) with angiography confirmed ICAD. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0T/3D time-of-flight gradient echo sequence and T1- and proton density-weighted fast spin echo sequences. ASSESSMENT: Each patient underwent baseline and 1-year follow-up IVW. Then, IVW data from both time points were jointly preprocessed using a multitime point, multicontrast, and multiplanar viewing workflow (known as MOCHA). Lumen and outer wall of plaques were traced and measured, and plaques were then categorized into progression, stable, and regression groups based on changes in plaque wall thickness. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected. Culprit plaques were identified based on cerebral ischemic infarcts. STATISTICAL TESTS: Generalized estimating equations-based linear and logistic regressions were used to assess associations between vascular risk factors, medications, luminal stenosis, IVW plaque imaging features, and longitudinal changes. A two-sided P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Diabetes was significantly associated with ICAD progression, resulting in 6.6% decrease in lumen area and 6.7% increase in wall thickness at 1-year follow-up. After accounting for arterial segments, baseline contrast enhancement predicted plaque progression (odds ratio = 3.61). Culprit plaques experienced an average luminal expansion of 10.9% after 1 year. 74% of the plaques remained stable during follow-up. The regression group (18 plaques) showed significant increase in minimum lumen area (from 7.4 to 8.3 mm2), while the progression group (13 plaques) showed significant decrease in minimum lumen area (from 5.4 to 4.3 mm2). DATA CONCLUSION: Longitudinal 3D IVW showed ICAD remodeling on the lumen side. Culprit plaques demonstrated longitudinal luminal expansion compared with their non-culprit counterparts. Baseline plaque contrast enhancement and diabetes mellitus were found to be significantly associated with ICAD changes. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Progressão da Doença , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Placa Aterosclerótica , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Idoso , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Longitudinais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Artérias Cerebrais/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento Tridimensional , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Remodelação Vascular , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
The utilisation of numerical process simulation has greatly facilitated the challenging task of liquid composite moulding (LCM) process optimisation, providing ease of solution evaluation at a significantly reduced cost compared to complete reliance on physical prototyping. However, due to the process complexity, such process simulation is still considerably expensive at present. In this paper, cost-saving approaches to minimising the computational cost of simulation-based optimisation for LCM processes are compiled and discussed. Their specific applicability, efficacy, and suitability for various optimisation/moulding scenarios are extensively explored in detail. The comprehensive analysation and assimilation of their operation alongside applicability for the problem domain of interest are accomplished in this paper to further complement and contribute to future simulation-based optimisation capabilities for composite moulding processes. The importance of balancing the cost-accuracy trade-off is also repeatedly emphasised, allowing for substantial cost reductions while ensuring a desirable level of optimization reliability.
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We propose and experimentally demonstrate what we believe to be a novel single-mode optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with low frequency drift based on phase conjugation. The long-term frequency stabilization of the OEO is achieved by using photonic microwave phase-conjugate passive compensation. Besides, since there happens to be a nonlinear coupled double loop structure in the OEO, single-mode oscillation can be achieved. The experimental results show that the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of the radio frequency (RF) signal from the OEO at 9.93â GHz is enhanced from 5â dB to 68â dB after side mode suppression, and the maximum frequency drift within 600 s reduced from 1.51â ppm to 0.04â ppm, optimized by a factor of about 40. The OEO has a simple structure, no external injection, and the phase noise is not limited by the injected signal.
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Sarcopenia has become a heavy disease burden among the elderly. Lipid metabolism was reported to be involved in many degenerative diseases. This study aims to investigate the association between dysregulated lipid metabolism and sarcopenia in geriatric inpatients. This cross-sectional study included 303 patients aged ≥ 60, of which 151 were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), homocysteine (HCY), BMI, and fat percentage, were compared between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia patients. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to estimate the association between sarcopenia and the level of lipid metabolism. To determine risk factors related to sarcopenia, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out. Risk prediction models were constructed based on all possible data through principal component analysis (PCA), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGboost). We observed rising prevalence of sarcopenia with increasing age, decreasing BMI, and fat percentage (p < 0.001, Cochran Armitage test). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed sarcopenia's risk factors, including older age, male sex, lower levels of BMI, TC, and TG, and higher levels of LDL and HCY (p < 0.05). The sarcopenia risk prediction model showed the risk prediction value of sarcopenia, with the highest area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.775. Our study provided thorough insight into the risk factors associated with sarcopenia. It demonstrated that an increase in lipid metabolism-related parameters (BMI, TG, TC), within normal reference ranges, may be protective against sarcopenia. The present study can illuminate the direction and significance of lipid metabolism-related factors in preventing sarcopenia.
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Sarcopenia , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Triglicerídeos , Pacientes Internados , HDL-ColesterolRESUMO
IMPORTANCE: Emerging vaccine-breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants highlight an urgent need for novel antiviral therapies. Understanding the pathogenesis of coronaviruses is critical for developing antiviral drugs. Here, we demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 N protein suppresses interferon (IFN) responses by reducing early growth response gene-1 (EGR1) expression. The overexpression of EGR1 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by promoting IFN-regulated antiviral protein expression, which interacts with and degrades SARS-CoV-2 N protein via the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8 and the cargo receptor NDP52. The MARCH8 mutants without ubiquitin ligase activity are no longer able to degrade SARS-CoV-2 N proteins, indicating that MARCH8 degrades SARS-CoV-2 N proteins dependent on its ubiquitin ligase activity. This study found a novel immune evasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 utilized by the N protein, which is helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and guiding the design of new prevention strategies against the emerging coronaviruses.