[Preparation technology comparison and performance evaluation of different protein A affinity chromatographic materials].

Protein A affinity chromatographic materials are widely used in clinical medicine and biomedicine because of their specific interactions with immunoglobulin G (IgG). Both the characteristics of the matrix, such as its structure and morphology, and the surface modification method contribute to the affinity properties of the packing materials. The specific, orderly, and oriented immobilization of protein A can reduce its steric hindrance with the matrix and preserve its bioactive sites. In this study, four types of affinity chromatographic materials were obtained using agarose and polyglycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) spheres as substrates, and multifunctional epoxy and maleimide groups were used to fix protein A. The effects of the ethylenediamine concentration, reaction pH, buffer concentration, and other conditions on the coupling efficiency of protein A and adsorption performance of IgG were evaluated. Multifunctional epoxy materials were prepared by converting part of the epoxy groups of the agarose and PGMA matrices into amino groups using 0.2 and 1.6 mol/L ethylenediamine, respectively. Protein A was coupled to the multifunctional epoxy materials using 5 mmol/L borate buffer (pH 8) as the reaction solution. When protein A was immobilized on the substrates by maleimide groups, the agarose and PGMA substrates were activated with 25% (v/v) ethylenediamine for 16 h to convert all epoxy groups into amino groups. The maleimide materials were then converted into amino-modified materials by adding 3 mg/mL 3-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then suspended in 5 mmol/L borate buffer (pH 8). The maleimide groups reacted specifically with the C-terminal of the sulfhydryl group of recombinant protein A to achieve highly selective fixation on both the agarose and PGMA substrates. The adsorption performance of the affinity materials for IgG was improved by optimizing the bonding conditions of protein A, such as the matrix type, matrix particle size, and protein A content, and the adsorption properties of each affinity material for IgG were determined. The column pressure of the protein A affinity materials prepared using agarose or PGMA as the matrix via the maleimide method was subsequently evaluated at different flow rates. The affinity materials prepared with PGMA as the matrix exhibited superior mechanical strength compared with the materials prepared with agarose. Moreover, an excellent linear relationship between the flow rate and column pressure of 80 mL/min was observed for this affinity material. Subsequently, the effect of the particle size of the PGMA matrix on the binding capacity of IgG was investigated. Under the same protein A content, the dynamic binding capacity of the affinity materials on the PGMA matrix was higher when the particle size was 44-88 µm than when other particle sizes were used. The properties of the affinity materials prepared using the multifunctional epoxy and maleimide-modified materials were compared by synthesizing affinity materials with different protein A coupling amounts of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/mL. The dynamic and static binding capacities of each material for bovine IgG were then determined. The prepared affinity material was packed into a chromatographic column to purify IgG from bovine colostrum. Although all materials showed specific adsorption selectivity for IgG, the affinity material prepared by immobilizing protein A on the PGMA matrix with maleimide showed significantly better performance and achieved a higher dynamic binding capacity at a lower protein grafting amount. When the protein grafting amount was 15.71 mg/mL, the dynamic binding capacity of bovine IgG was 32.23 mg/mL, and the dynamic binding capacity of human IgG reached 54.41 mg/mL. After 160 cycles of alkali treatment, the dynamic binding capacity of the material reached 94.6% of the initial value, indicating its good stability. The developed method is appropriate for the production of protein A affinity chromatographic materials and shows great potential in the fields of protein immobilization and immunoadsorption material synthesis.

Identification of Key Genes and Related Drugs of Adrenocortical Carcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant carcinoma with an extremely poor prognosis, and its pathogenesis remains to be understood to date, necessitating further investigation. This study aims to discover biomarkers and potential therapeutic agents for ACC through bioinformatics, enhancing clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ACC and normal adrenal cortex were screened out from the GSE19750 and GSE90713 datasets available in the GEO database. An online Venn diagram tool was utilized to identify the common DEGs between the two datasets. The identified DEGs were subjected to functional assessment, pathway enrichment, and identification of hub genes by performing the protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The differences in the expressions of hub genes between ACC and normal adrenal cortex were validated at the GEPIA2 website, and the association of these genes with the overall patient survival was also assessed. Finally, on the QuartataWeb website, drugs related to the identified hub genes were determined. A total of 114 DEGs, 10 hub genes, and 69 known drugs that could interact with these genes were identified. The GO and KEGG analyses revealed a close association of the identified DEGs with cellular signal transduction. The 10 hub genes identified were overexpressed in ACC, in addition to being significantly associated with adverse prognosis in ACC. Three genes and the associated known drugs were identified as potential targets for ACC treatment.

Novel ABCB4 mutations in an infertile female with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Mutations that occur in the ABCB4 gene, which encodes multidrug-resistant protein 3, underlie the occurrence of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3). Clinical signs of intrahepatic cholestasis due to gene mutations typically first appear during infancy or childhood. Reports of PFIC3 occurring in adults are rare. CASE SUMMARY: This is a case study of a 32-year-old infertile female Chinese patient with a 15-year history of recurrent abnormal liver function. Her primary clinical signs were elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Other possible reasons for liver dysfunction were eliminated in this patient, resulting in a diagnosis of PFIC3. The diagnosis was confirmed using gene detection and histological analyses. Assessments using genetic sequencing analysis indicated the presence of two novel heterozygous mutations in the ABCB4 gene, namely, a 2950C>T; p.A984V mutation (exon 24) and a 667A>G; p.I223V mutation (exon 7). After receiving ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment, the patient's liver function indices improved, and she successfully became pregnant by in vitro fertilization. However, the patient developed intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in the first trimester. Fortunately, treatment with UDCA was safe and effective. CONCLUSION: These novel ABCB4 heterozygous mutations have a variety of clinical phenotypes. Continued follow-up is essential for a comprehensive understanding of PFIC3.

Integrated analysis reveals distinct molecular, clinical, and immunological features of B7-H3 in acute myeloid leukemia.

The role of B7-H3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not fully understood. Two previous studies investigating its expression and significances in AML are partially different. In this study, we aimed to systematically characterize the genomic and immune landscape in AML patients with altered B7-H3 expression using multi-omics data in the public domain. We found significantly increased B7-H3 expression in AML compared to either other hematological malignancies or healthy controls. Clinically, high B7-H3 expression was associated with old age, TP53 mutations, wild-type WT1 and CEBPA, and the M3 and M5 FAB subtypes. Moreover, we observed that increased B7-H3 expression correlated significantly with a poor outcome of AML patients in four independent datasets. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed the enrichment of the "EMT" oncogenic gene signatures in high B7-H3 expressers. Further investigation suggested that B7-H3 was more likely to be associated with immune-suppressive cells (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and Th17 cells). B7-H3 was also positively associated with a number of checkpoint genes, such as VISTA (B7-H5), CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2), and CD70. In summary, we uncovered distinct genomic and immunologic features associated with B7-H3 expression in AML. This may lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying B7-H3 dysregulation in AML and to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Immune Score Predicts Outcomes of Gastric Cancer Patients Treated with Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Substantial evidence has demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are correlated with patient prognosis. The TIL-based immune score (IS) affects prognosis in various cancers, but its prognostic impact in gastric cancer (GC) patients treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy remains unclear. METHODS: A total of 101 GC patients who received chemoradiotherapy after gastrectomy were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Immunohistochemistry staining for CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell counts in both tumor center (CT) and invasive margin (IM) regions was built into the IS. Patients were then divided into three groups based on their differential IS levels. The correlation between IS and clinical parameters was analyzed. The prognostic impact of IS and clinical parameters was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to compare the area under the curve (AUC) of IS with other clinical parameters. Nomograms for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) prediction were constructed based on the identified parameters. RESULTS: Finally, 20 (19.8%), 57 (56.4%), and 24 (23.8%) GC patients were identified with low, intermediate, and high IS levels, respectively. GC patients with higher IS levels exhibited better DFS (p < 0.001) and OS (p < 0.001). IS was an independent prognostic factor for both DFS (p < 0.001) and OS (p < 0.001) in multivariate analysis. IS presented a better predictive ability than the traditional pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) staging system (AUC: 0.801 vs. 0.677 and 0.800 vs. 0.660, respectively) with respect to both DFS and OS. The C-index of the nomograms for DFS and OS prediction was 0.737 and 0.774, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IS is a strong predictive factor for both DFS and OS in GC patients treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, which may complement the traditional pTNM staging system.

Effect of nintedanib thermo-sensitive hydrogel on neovascularization in alkali burn rat model.

AIM: To investigate the effects of nintedanib thermo-sensitive hydrogel (NTH) on neovascularization and related markers in corneal alkali burns of Wistar rats. METHODS: NTH was prepared by grinding, and its phase-transition temperature was determined. Thirty specific-pathogen-free Wistar rats served as a model of corneal alkali burn in the right eye were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10, each): model group treated with 0.9% saline once a day, NTH group with 0.2% nintedanib b.i.d, and dexamethasone group with dexamethasone ointment once a day. The left eye of rats served as the controls. The corneal transparency was observed under a slit-lamp microscope, and the area of neovascularization was calculated. On day 7, the rats were sacrificed, and the cornea was removed and embedded with paraffin, then stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and CD31 in the corneal tissues of each group was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The phase-transition temperature of nintedanib obtained by grinding was 37°C after adding artificial tears. The results of the alkali burn model indicated that the growth rate of neovascularization in the NTH group was slower than that in the model group, and the neovascularization area was significantly smaller than that in the model group (P<0.05). Moreover, CD31 and VEGFR-2 expression levels in the NTH group were significantly lower than those in the model group. CONCLUSION: NTH becomes colloidal at body temperature, which is beneficial for releasing the drug slowly and can significantly inhibit the neovascularization of corneal induced by alkali burn in rats.

Naturally-derived diterpenoid sphaeropsidin C as an activator of Nrf2/ARE pathway and its potential capability of relieving intracellular oxidative stress in human lung epithelial cells.

Oxidative stress is closely associated to the onset and progression of many human diseases. Activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway using naturally-derived molecules is an efficient strategy for alleviating the intracellular oxidative insults, and thus blocking the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-induced diseases. In the present study, a naturally-derived isopimarane-type diterpenoid sphaeropsidin C (SC) was identified to be an activator of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Our data indicated that SC was able to stimulate Nrf2-mediated defensive system through promoting Nrf2 translocation, inhibiting Nrf2 ubiquitination, and enhancing Nrf2 stability in normal human lung epithelial Beas-2B cells. Furthermore, SC-induced Nrf2 activation required the involvement of protein kinases, exemplified by protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K). It alleviated sodium arsenite [As(III)]-induced intracellular oxidative stress in an Nrf2-dependent manner. These results suggested that SC displayed potential application for the prevention and therapy against oxidative stress-induced diseases. Moreover, isopimarane-type diterpenoid represents a promising skeleton for developing Nrf2 activators.

[Effects of pain management on dental implant patients during perioperative period].

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of pain management for dental implant patients during perioperative period, in order to improve nursing care of ambulatory dental implant surgery. METHODS: One hundred patients requiring ambulatory dental implant surgery were randomly divided into management group or control group, several intervention measures of pain management were provided for patients in management group, while only conventional nursing care were taken for patients in control group. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: With the same level of mental strain, patients in management group showed a lower pain rate and higher satisfaction rate, which were significantly different from the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Pain management for dental implant patients during perioperative period can reduce patients' discomfort, improve patients' satisfaction, and facilitate patients' rehabilitation.

Study on diffusion behavior of analyte in an electrospray ionization source.

RATIONALE: Diffusion of an analyte is one of the main determinants of reduced sensitivity in an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. In this work, the relative responses of compounds and their stable isotope-labeled (SIL) products in different injection modes were compared to investigate the diffusion behavior of analytes in ESI, without influence of other factors. METHODS: Chloramphenicol (CAP) and D5 -CAP as well as melamine (Mel) and (13) C3 -Mel were used to illustrate the diffusion behavior in different operation modes and different ion sources, by comparing their relative responses in infusion mode and flow injection analysis (FIA) mode under variable temperature. RESULTS: In infusion mode, sample solution was introduced by syringe, and formed a stable and continuous signal. While in FIA mode, because of the huge difference in volume between the sample solution and the mobile phase, it is assumed that analyte ionizes and transmits in the gaseous phase created by the mobile phase. Analytes formed different concentration distributions in the two injection modes. The relative responses of CAP and D5 -CAP increased from 0.81 to 0.98 when the temperature was increased from 300 °C to 650 °C in infusion mode and decreased from 1.37 to 1.17 with increasing temperature in FIA mode. The opposite trends of the two injection modes were also obtained in positive operation modes and ion sources with different configuration. CONCLUSIONS: Opposite variation tendencies of relative responses of model samples and their stable isotope-labeled products with temperature were observed for infusion and FIA injection modes, indicating different diffusion behaviors in the two injection modes. These results provide a theoretical basis for ion source designing and better understanding of the ESI mechanism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Acute Pancreatitis Classifications: Basis and Key Goals.

To explore the efficacy of the revised Atlanta classification (RACAP) and the determinant-based classification of acute pancreatitis severity (DBCAPS) on the basis of clinical data and feedback from patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). The authors retrospectively investigated a total of 573 patients with AP admitted to our hospital between December 2011 and December 2014. The definitions of severity and local complications in AP using RACAP and DBCAPS are presented and common points and mutual differences between the 2 groups are analyzed and discussed. Classification according to RACAP and DBCAPS found 86 (15%) and 178 (31.1%) mild cases (P < 0.01), 269 (46.9%) and 176 (30.7%) moderate cases (P < 0.01), and 218 (38.0%) and 219 (38.2%) severe cases (P = 0.95), respectively. A major contribution of DBCAPS is the introduction of a new type of severe AP, critical AP, identified in 4 patients (0.7%). Complications were observed in 313 RACAP-defined cases and 153 DBCAPS-defined cases (P < 0.01). Among the 313 RACAP-defined cases, acute peripancreatic fluid collection (236 patients, 75.40%), pancreatic pseudocysts (20 patients, 6.4%), acute necrotic collection (42 patients, 13.4%), and walled-off necrosis (15 patients, 4.8%) were observed. Among the 153 DBCAPS-defined cases, sterile peripancreatic necrosis (105 patients, 68.6%), sterile pancreatic necrosis (44 patients, 28.8%), infected peripancreatic necrosis (2 patients, 1.3%), and infected pancreatic necrosis (2/153 patients, 1.3%) were observed. Both classifications adopted organ failure and complications as determinants of severity. Revised Atlanta classification refined local complications and DBCAPS modified severity to include critical AP. In accordance with the demands of precision medicine, a combination of the 2 could be important for further clinical practice and scientific research.

Hemodynamics and vasoactive substance levels during renal congestion that occurs in the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation.

AIM: To explore hemodynamics and vasoactive substance levels during renal vein congestion that occurs in the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits received ligation of the hepatic pedicle, supra-hepatic vena cava and infra-hepatic vena cava [anhepatic phase group (APH); n = 8], the renal veins (RVL; n = 8), renal veins and hepatic pedicle [with the inferior vena cava left open) (RVHP; n = 8)], or a sham operation (SOP; n = 8). Hemodynamic parameters (systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures) and the levels of serum bradykinin (BK) and angiotensin II (ANGII) were measured at baseline (0 min), and 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, and 45 min after the surgery. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between hemodynamic parameters and levels of vasoactive substances. RESULTS: All experimental groups (APH, RVL, and RVHP) showed significant decreases in hemodynamic parameters (systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures) compared to baseline levels, as well as compared to the SOP controls (P < 0.05 for all). In contrast, BK levels were significantly increased compared to baseline in the APH, RVL, and RVHP groups at all time points measured (P < 0.05 for all), whereas no change was observed in the SOP controls. There were no significant differences among the experimental groups for any measure at any time point. Further analyses revealed that systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were all negatively correlated with BK levels, and positively correlated with ANGII levels in the APH, RVL, and RVHP groups (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: In the anhepatic phase of orthotopic liver transplantation, renal vein congestion significantly impacts hemodynamic parameters, which correlate with serum BK and ANGII levels.

PRISMA--efficacy and safety of vedolizumab for inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Vedolizumab is an anti-inflammatory monoclonal antibody that exclusively targets the α4ß7 integrin. We aimed to systematically review the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to May 2014. Randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy or safety of vedolizumab in patients with IBDs were eligible for inclusion. Data were extracted independently by 2 investigators and pooled using Review Manager 5.0 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen). Results were expressed as the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Six randomized controlled trials involving 2815 patients were eligible for inclusion. Vedolizumab was more effective than placebo for patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease (CD) in clinical response (RR=1.82, 95% CI, [1.43, 2.31]; RR=1.46, 95% CI [1.18,1.81]) and clinical remission (RR=2.23, 95% CI [1.35, 3.68]; RR=1.71, 95% CI [1.25, 2.34]) during induction therapy. A superior effect was found during maintenance therapy in durable clinical/CD Activity Index-100 response (RR=2.22, 95% CI [1.62, 3.05]; RR=1.48, 95% CI [1.13, 1.94]) and clinical remission (RR=2.55, 95% CI [1.38, 4.70]; RR=1.15, 95% CI [0.75, 1.77]). However, vedolizumab may be associated with serious adverse events (RR=1.25, 95% CI [1.03, 1.52]) and nasopharyngitis (RR=1.56, 95% CI [1.08, 2.25]) for patients with CD. Vedolizumab was more effective than placebo as induction and maintenance therapy for IBDs, with an acceptable short-term safety profile, and achieving cure, although it may be associated with serious adverse events and nasopharyngitis for patients with CD.

Clinical characteristics and current management of hepatitis B and C in China.

AIM: To describe a population of outpatients in China infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), and assess their current management status. METHODS: A multicenter, cross-sectional study of HBV- and/or HCV-infected patients was conducted from August to November, 2011 in western China. Patients ≥ 18 years of age with HBV and/or HCV infections who visited outpatient departments at 10 hospitals were evaluated, whether treated or not. Data were collected on the day of visit from medical records and patient interviews. RESULTS: A total 4010 outpatients were analyzed, including 2562 HBV-infected and 1406 HCV-infected and 42 HBV/HCV co-infected patients. The median duration of documented infection was 7.5 years in HBV-infected and 1.8 years in HCV-infected patients. Cirrhosis was the most frequent hepatic complication (12.2%), appearing in one-third of patients within 3 years prior to or at diagnosis. The HCV genotype was determined in only 10% of HCV-infected patients. Biopsy data were only available for 54 patients (1.3%). Antiviral medications had been received by 58.2% of patients with HBV infection and 66.6% with HCV infection. Nucleos(t)ide analogs were the major antiviral medications prescribed for HBV-infected patients (most commonly adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine). Ribavirin + pegylated interferon was prescribed for two-thirds of HCV-infected patients. In the previous 12 mo, around one-fifth patients had been hospitalized due to HBV or HCV infection. CONCLUSION: This observational, real-life study has identified some gaps between clinical practice and guideline recommendations in China. To achieve better health outcomes, several improvements, such as disease monitoring and optimizing antiviral regimens, should be made to improve disease management.

Effect of music in endoscopy procedures: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopies are common clinical examinations that are somewhat painful and even cause fear and anxiety for patients. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the effect of music on patients undergoing various endoscopic procedures. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, Issue 6, 2013, PubMed, and EMBASE databases up to July 2013. Randomized controlled trials comparing endoscopies, with and without the use of music, were included. Two authors independently abstracted data and assessed risk of bias. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the impact of music on different types of endoscopic procedures. RESULTS: Twenty-one randomized controlled trials involving 2,134 patients were included. The overall effect of music on patients undergoing a variety of endoscopic procedures significantly improved pain score (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.53, -0.53]), anxiety (WMD = -6.04, 95% CI [-9.61, -2.48]), heart rate (P = 0.01), arterial pressure (P < 0.05), and satisfaction score (SMD = 1.83, 95% CI [0.76, 2.91]). Duration of the procedure (P = 0.29), except for gastrointestinal endoscopy (P = 0.03), and sedative or analgesic medication dose (P = 0.23, P = 0.12, respectively) were not significantly decreased in the music group, compared with the control group. Furthermore, music had little effect for patients undergoing colposcopy and bronchoscopy in the subanalysis. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggested that music may offer benefits for patients undergoing endoscopy, except in colposcopy and bronchoscopy.

The synergistic effect of organic silicone quaternary ammonium salt and 5-fluorouracil on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide, causing over 370,000 deaths per year, with approximately half of them in China. Chemotherapy is the optimal treatment for patients with advanced HCC, although chemoresistance has become a significant obstacle to successful liver cancer surgery. In this paper, we have assessed the characteristics of drugs to explore the effects of individual and combined action of organic silicone quaternary ammonium salt (Jieyoushen) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The results of MTT assays showed that single and combined action of Jieyoushen and 5-FU can inhibit the proliferation of liver carcinoma cell lines in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, respectively. Electron microscopy and Hoechst 33342 staining showed characteristic apoptotic bodies in apoptotic cells treated with Jieyoushen and 5-FU. Flow cytometry results indicated that the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase gradually increased, whereas it gradually decreased during the S phase after treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that the combination of Jieyoushen with 5-FU exerts a synergistic anticancer effect on HCC growth and that targeted therapeutic strategies may improve HCC sensitivity to chemotherapy.

[The influence of individual nursing care on extraction of teeth for old outpatients].

PURPOSE: To assess the impact of individual nursing care on aged patients who underwent tooth extraction in outpatient clinic. METHODS: One hundred aged patients who required tooth extraction were allocated into the experimental group (with individual nursing care before extraction) or the control group (blank control). The level of patients' anxiety was evaluated by HAMA scale before and after extraction. The pain state was evaluated by VRS scale after extraction. The date was analyzed for student's t test and ANONA by SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: Both the anxious score and VRS score after extraction in the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For aged patients who underwent tooth extraction, individual nursing care can alleviate the level of their anxiety, which is helpful to improve their reliance and reduce complications.

Hybrid monolithic columns with nanoparticles incorporated for capillary electrochromatography.

The core-shell silica nanoparticles Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)/NH(2), wormlike and hexagonal SBA-15 silica were incorporated into polymethacrylate monolithic columns containing butyl methacrylate (BMA) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA), respectively to develop novel stationary phases with mixing mechanism of reverse phase and ion exchange. Experimental conditions including types of nanoparticles, dispersion pattern, nanoparticles concentration, column placement mode, and reaction temperature were optimized for simple and stable column preparation. The poly(BMA-EDMA-Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)/NH(2)) and poly(BMA-EDMA-SBA-15/NH(2)) (both wormlike and hexagonal shape nanoparticles) monolithic columns were evaluated with mixture of organic acids as sample in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) mode and the relative column efficiency reaches 290,000plates/m. The results indicate that the incorporation of nanoparticles with various shapes enhances both selectivity and column efficiency due to high specific surface area of nanoparticles and mixing separation mechanism. In addition, poly(BMA-EDMA-Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)/NH(2)) monolith capillary column was applied to separation of aqueous extract of rhizoma gastrodiae and showed great potential in the method development of complex samples.

[Effect of health education pathway construction on outpatients with removal impacted teeth].

PURPOSE: To Introduce health education pathway to patients with removal impacted teeth, with the aim of helping patients to reduce tension or anxiety and improve the level of patients' satisfaction and cognition for dental surgery. METHODS: One hundred patients with impacted teeth surgery were randomly allocated into the experimental group and the control group. Health education pathway was given to patients in the experimental group while patients in the control group received traditional health education before surgery. The Hamilton-Anxiety Scale(HAMA) was applied to evaluate the anxiety of patients before and after treatment. A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among patients to evaluate the level of their satisfaction and cognition of dental surgery. RESULTS: Before the experiment, no significant difference in HAMA score was found between the two groups. After health education conducted, the score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01), meanwhile the rate of satisfaction and the level of cognition in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Establishing and conducting the health education pathway on patients with impacted teeth removal can reduce their tension or anxiety, thus improving the quality of clinical service.

Treatment of major laparoscopic bile duct injury: a long-term follow-up result.

The goal of this study is to present the multiple institutions experience comparing the outcome of management between initial laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) surgeon and specialist as well as the outcome of different operative procedures to major bile duct injury (BDI) after LC. We have retrospectively collected data of 77 cases of perioperatively detected major BDI in LC at 15 general surgical institutions from 1997 to 2007. We classified 42 cases treated by an experienced biliary surgeon as Group A and 35 cases treated by the initial LC surgeon as Group B. Forty-eight cases were treated with duct-to-duct anastomosis as Group C and 29 cases were treated with Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy as Group D. The median duration of follow-up was 62 months. The outcome of groups was compared. In Group A, 7 of 42 (16.7%) patients developed a failure. Two of seven (28.6%) patients were treated by a secondary operation. In Group B, 24 of 35 (68.6%) patients developed a failure. Seventeen of 24 (70.8%) patients were treated by a secondary operation. One of 35 (2.85%) patients died. The significant differences were observed in failure and secondary operations (16.7 vs 68.6%, P < 0.01 and 28.6 vs 70.8%, P < 0.01). There is no significant difference Group C and Group D in failure rate (28.5 vs 11.7%, P > 0.05). A multiple institutional cooperative methodology between the local surgical institution and tertiary care centers provided a good way to limit further operations, failure. The reconstructive strategy is important and should be selected according to the type of injury and the diagnosed status of major BDI.

Effect of blocking IGF-I receptor on growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

AIM: To study the expression level and localization of insulin-like growth factor -I receptor (IGF-IR) in HepG2 cells and Chang liver cells, and to observe the effect of anti-IGF-IR monoclonal antibody (alphaIR3) on the growth of HepG2 cells. METHODS: The expression of IGF-IR in HepG2 cells and Chang liver cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. The influences of alphaIR3 on proliferation and apoptosis were examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and electron microscopy, respectively. Flow cytometry (FCM) was applied for the analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis was observed under electron microscope. RESULTS: IGF-IR was located in the membranes of both HepG2 and Chang liver cell lines, and the expression level of IGF-IR was higher in HepG2 cells than in Chang liver cells. Treated with 0.1 microg/mL alphaIR3 for 48 h in vitro, the cell growth index (GI) of HepG2 cells was significantly higher than that of control (103.41% vs 100%, P<0.01). However, the alphaIR3 for 24 h at final concentration of 4.0 microg/mL made the GI of HepG2 cells lower than that of control (93.37% vs 100%, P<0.01). Compared with control, treated with alphaIR3 for 48 h at final concentrations ranging from 1.0 microg/mL to 4.0 microg/mL markedly reduced the GIs of HepG2 cells (97.63%, 97.16%, 95.13%, 92.53% vs 100%, P<0.05 or P<0.01), treated with alphaIR3 for 72 h at final concentrations ranging from 0.2 microg/mL to 4.0 microg/mL decreased the GIs of HepG2 cells obviously (95%, 91.63%, 90.77%, 89.84%, 88.51% vs 100%, P<0.01), and treated with alphaIR3 for 96 h at final concentrations ranging from 0.5 microg/mL to 4.0 microg/mL made GIs of HepG2 cells lower significantly (88.86%, 83.97%, 79.81%, 77.24%, 70.51% vs 100%, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, treated with alphaIR3 from 24 h to 96 h at final concentrations ranging from 0.2 microg/mL to 4.0 microg/mL reduced the GI of HepG2 cells from 97.63% to 70.51% in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Also, alphaIR3 treatment for 72 h at final concentration from 0.5 microg/mL to 2.0 microg/mL increased the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells (61.73%, 67.1%, 83.7%, 76.87% vs 44.47%, P<0.01) and significantly decreased that of S phase cells (28.63%, 25.13%, 15.63%, 23.13% vs 53.17%, P<0.01), in contrast to the proportion of G2/M phase cells. The apoptotic rates of HepG2 cells were increased more than that of control (7.83%, 16.13%, 21.1%, 37.73% vs 4.13%, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The malignant cell phenotype of human hepatocarcinoma cell is related to overexpression of IGF-IR. The blockage of IGF-IR with alphaIR3 may contribute to the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells.