The Effect of Dexmedetomidine as a Local Anesthetic Adjuvant for Iliac Fascia Compartment Block on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Hip Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: We analyzed the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) as a local anesthetic adjuvant on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing elective hip surgery. METHODS: In this study, 120 patients undergoing hip surgery were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups: fascia iliaca compartment block with DEX + ropivacaine (the Y group, n = 60) and fascia iliaca compartment block with ropivacaine (the R group, n = 60). The primary outcomes: presence of delirium during the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) period and on the first day (D1), the second day (D2), and the third day (D3) after surgery. The secondary outcomes: preoperative and postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), occurrence of insomnia on the preoperative day, day of operation, D1 and D2; HR values of patients in both groups before iliac fascia block (T1), 30 min after iliac fascia block (T2), at surgical incision (T3), 20 min after incision (T4), when they were transferred out of the operating room (T5) and after leaving the recovery room (T6) at each time point; VAS for T1, PACU, D1, D2; the number of patients requiring remedial analgesics within 24 h after blockade and related complications between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients were included in the final analysis, with 11 and 12 patients withdrawing from the R and Y groups, respectively. The overall incidence of POD and its incidence in the PACU and ward were all lesser in the Y group than in the R group (p < 0.05). Additionally, fewer cases required remedial analgesia during the PACU period, and more vasoactive drugs were used for maintaining circulatory system stability in the Y group as compared to the R group (p < 0.05). At the same time, the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative bradycardia in the Y group was higher than that in the R group, accompanied by lower postoperative CRP and ESR (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided high fascia iliaca compartment block with a combination of ropivacaine and DEX can reduce the incidence of POD, the use of intraoperative opioids and postoperative remedial analgesics, and postoperative inflammation in elderly patients who have undergone hip surgery, indicating that this method could be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of POD.

Risk factors associated with postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery.

Objective: We retrospectively analyzed the occurrence of postoperative delirium following hip surgery and the associated risk factors. The aim was to establish a clinical foundation for preventing postoperative delirium after hip surgery. Methods: We retrospectively selected elderly patients who had hip surgery at our hospital between January 2022 and August 2022. We included patients who experienced delirium in the observation group and those who did not encounter delirium in the control group. We then proceeded to compare various indicators among these two groups of patients. Results: We analyzed a total of 97 cases of hip surgery, and among them, 32 cases experienced postoperative delirium, resulting in an incidence rate of 32.9%. Various factors were found to be linked to the development of postoperative delirium, including age, height, gender (male), preoperative erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), postoperative ESR, preoperative lactate levels, pain scores on the first day after surgery, type of surgical procedure, and the occurrence of delirium in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU delirium). Additionally, it was observed that 75% of patients who had PACU delirium also experienced postoperative delirium. Conclusion: Postoperative delirium in patients who have hip surgery had an incidence rate of 32.9%. This phenomenon is linked to various factors that pose a risk, such as the patient age, height, gender, preoperative ESR levels, postoperative ESR levels, preoperative lactate levels, pain scores on the day following surgery, and the specific surgical procedure performed. The likelihood of experiencing delirium increases by 12% for every additional 10 years in patient age. Additionally, the occurrence of delirium in the PACU is a strong indicator of the likelihood of experiencing postoperative delirium.

Primary adult primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the bladder: A case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: A primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a rare and highly malignant tumor that often occurs in the central nervous system of children and young adults. This tumor is rarely observed in the bladder. PATIENT CONCERNS: In this paper, we describe the case of a 64-year-old man with a PNET of the bladder. He experienced dull pain in the lower left abdomen for 5 months (without any obvious inducement), which gradually became aggravated and intolerable. DIAGNOSES: Partial cystectomy was performed, and a PNET of the bladder, which is extremely rare, was confirmed. INTERVENTIONS: Following cystectomy, the patient's general postoperative state was poor and he could not tolerate chemotherapy. Thus, he was subjected to pelvic radiotherapy for 2 weeks. OUTCOMES: His physical condition did not improve significantly after radiotherapy; however, we still plan to continue it. If the patient's physical condition improves, chemotherapy will be considered. LESSONS: Most cases of PNETs are intravesical or at least mainly endophytic. However, in this case, the mucosal layer was barely involved, and the tumor mainly grew out of the bladder, which is very rare. The present case provides reference for the diagnosis of PNET.

Two novel lead-based coordination polymers for luminescence sensing of anions, cations and small organic molecules.

Two novel lead-based coordination polymers, namely [Pb(cbdcp)]·0.5H2O·0.5CH3OH (1) and [Pb(cbdcp)] (2), have been solvothermally constructed by using a zwitterionic ligand 4-carboxy-1-(3,4-dicarboxy-benzyl)-pyridinium chloride (abbreviated as H3cbdcpCl). Compound 1 has a three-dimensional framework displaying a valence-bonded SrAl2 topology with the 42·63·8 symbol, while compound 2 has a two-dimensional sheet structure that can be simplified into a three-dimensional ππ interaction-connected topology with the {44·62}2{48·615·85} symbol. Notably, compound 1 proved to be a promising potential luminescent sensor capable of selectively detecting anions, cations and small organic molecules, especially Cr2O72-, CrO42-, Fe3+ and nitrobenzene.

Calcifying fibrous tumor of the mediastinum: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor that often occurs in deep soft tissue of children and young adults. CFT rarely occurs in the mediastinum. CASE SUMMARY: In this paper, we describe a 31-year-old male patient with CFT in the mediastinum. The patient did not have any symptoms, and the posterior mediastinal lesion was unintentionally found during routine re-examination of thyroid cancer. The tumor had no adhesion to the surrounding tissue and was successfully and completely removed. Pathology showed a large amount of collagen-rich fibrous connective tissue. There was scattered dystrophic calcification and gravel in the fibrous tissue and a small amount of lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration and lymphoid follicle formation in the interstitial fluid. In addition, findings showed 20 IgG4+ plasma cells per high-powered field of the diseased tissue, an IgG4+/IgG ratio of about 20%, and normal serum IgG4 levels. The final diagnosis was CFT of the mediastinum (CFTM). No evidence of tumor recurrence was observed by computed tomography at 3 mo after surgery. CONCLUSION: IgG4+ plasma cell enlargement may occur in CFTM, but clinical manifestations and serological tests suggest that it is not IgG4-related disease. We speculate that it may be an independent tumor subtype.

[Retracted] Effects of the eukaryotic initiation factor 6 gene on expression levels of inflammatory mediators in M2 macrophages during scar repair.

Following the publication of this article, we regret to report that we have been unable to reproduce the results presented in the paper in our subsequent studies. At the present time, we have not been able to ascertain the reason behind this. Therefore, we would like to retract this article from publication. All the named authors agree to this retraction. We regret any inconvenience to the readers that this retraction will cause. [The original article was published in Molecular Medicine Reports 14: 819-824, 2016; DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5294].

Pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma with unusual morphology: A rare case report and review of the literature.

RATIONALE: Pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a highly malignant carcinoma that often exhibits the histopathological characteristic of cell pleomorphism. PATIENT CONCERNS: Here, we report a PSCC case in a 59-year-old woman with multiple metastases. The pathological manifestation of this case did not show high-grade pleomorphism or atypia, and was easily mimicked by other borderline or low-grade malignant tumors such as an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). DIAGNOSES: Based on the results of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization after the operation, IMT was ruled out, and PSCC was confirmed. INTERVENTIONS: Resection of the right middle lobe and dissection of the lymph nodes were performed. The patient was given 2 cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin and 1 cycle of radiotherapy after the operation. OUTCOMES: Metastatic lesions in the left kidney, the right lung, the first thoracic vertebrae, the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and the mediastinal lymph nodes were identified by positron emission tomography/computed tomography 4 months after the operation, and the patient died 2 months later. LESSONS: PSCC is a highly malignant carcinoma, but it rarely shows a low-grade malignant histological morphology. So, efforts should be focused on differentiating it from other borderline or low malignant tumors (such as IMT) to avoid misdiagnosis.

Malignant phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor with pulmonary metastasis: A case report.

RATIONALE: Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is a new tumor entity of soft tissue and bone tumor recently accepted by the World Health Organization, which typically causes the paraneoplastic syndrome of tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). The majority of PMTs follow a benign clinical course and local recurrence occurs in < 10% of cases, malignant PMTs with distant organ metastasis are extremely uncommon. PATIENT CONCERNS: We reported a 41-year-old woman who was diagnosed with PMT 10 years ago with a repeated recurrence and pulmonary metastasis. DIAGNOSES: Based on clinical manifestations, MRI scan, serum biochemical indicators evaluation, followed by histopathological examination, the patient was diagnosed as malignant PMT with pulmonary metastasis. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was treated with calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D after surgical resection and measured the serum ion concentrations every 3 months. OUTCOMES: The patient had a favorable outcome for 10 months without recurrence. LESSONS: PMTs lack of characteristic histological morphology, some recurrence cases may appear benign morphologically; the malignant PMTs are easily overlooked. Patients with PMT should be carefully evaluated and monitored, in order to early identify its malignant potential.

Primary acinic cell carcinoma of the lung with psammoma bodies: A case report and review of literature.

Salivary gland-type tumors are rare in the lung. Primary acinic cell carcinoma of the lung is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of primary acinic cell carcinoma of the lung with prominent psammoma bodies. A 31-year-old man came to our hospital with a tumor in the basal segment of the lower lobe of the right lung. The tumor tissue displayed solid, acinar, or microcystic structures at different regions. A large amount of psammoma bodies were scattered in more than half of the tumor. The majority of the tumor cells were round or polygonal in shape, with abundant acidophilic granular or vacuolated cytoplasm. The results of tumor tissue tests were positive for periodic acid Schiff (PAS), broad-spectrum cytokeratin, and cytokeratin 7 staining, but negative for P63, TTF-1, CD56, synaptophysin, HMB45, and PR staining. Based on the clinical information, histological features, and the immunohistochemical staining profile, the tumor was diagnosed as a primary acinic cell carcinoma of the lung. This is the first report of primary acinic cell carcinoma with prominent psammoma bodies in the lung.

Anorectal melanoma metastatic to the breast: a case report and review of the literature.

Melanoma develops from melanocytes and typically occurs on the skin and mucosa with a high degree of malignancy. Intensive local invasion and distant metastasis of melanoma result in poor patient prognosis, owing to frequent metastases to the lungs, bones, brains, and other parts of the body. In the present study, we report a case of anorectal melanoma in a 56-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital because of local recurrence 9 months after local resection. She subsequently underwent radical surgery. Metastasis to the left breast occurred within 4 months after radical surgery. Metastasis of anorectal melanoma to the breast is very rare. In the present case report and literature review, we analyzed the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of anorectal melanoma metastatic to the breast.

Primary yolk sac tumor of the gluteus: a case report and literature review.

Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a common malignant primitive germ cell tumor that often exhibits differentiation into endodermal structures. They most commonly occur in childhood and adolescence and are rare after the age of 40 years. Derived from the yolk sac during the embryonic period, YSTs can occur in the gonads and germ cells because the tumor cells migrate from the yolk sac toward the gonads. Here, we present a rare case of primary gluteus YST in a 3-year-old girl. She received BEP chemotherapy (bleomycin + etoposide + cisplatin) after surgical resection. There was no evidence of recurrence 7 months after primary treatment.

Effects of the eukaryotic initiation factor 6 gene on expression levels of inflammatory mediators in M2 macrophages during scar repair.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) gene on the secretion of M2 macrophage fibrosis­associated factors and the expression levels of key proteases during scar repair. Male eIF6 wild­type (eIF6+/+) and knockout (eIF6+/­) C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally lavaged to obtain macrophages, which were induced to the M2 type using interleukin­4. Differences between the gene expression profiles of these macrophages were compared with gene microarrays, and the results were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and ELISA. Compared with the eIF6+/­ mice, the mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase­2 (TIMP­2) in the M2 macrophages of the eIF6+/+ mice were significantly downregulated (P<0.05), whereas the mRNA and protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase­2 (MMP­2) were significantly upregulated (P<0.05). Therefore, the results indicated that eIF6 alleviated cicatrization, possibly by inhibiting the generation of VEGF, in order to prevent overgrowth of blood vessels and granulation tissues, and to regulate the MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio to balance the degradation and deposition of the extracellular matrix.

Effects of combined alendronate and alfacalcidol on prevention of fractures in osteoporosis patients: a network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Published literatures report controversial results about the effect of combined treatment with alendronate and alfacalcidol for the prevention of fractures in osteoporosis patients. METHODS: Seven common databases were searched for related randomized controlled trials published up to April, 2015. Bayesian random effects network meta-analysis was used to assess the pairwise odds ratios (OR), 95% credible intervals (CI). RESULTS: Thirteen randomized controlled trials were identified (3710 patients). The network meta-analysis results indicated that combining treatment with alendronate and alfacalcidol was significantly better to prevent bone fractures in osteoporosis patients than alendronate (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.19-0.95) and alfacalcidol (OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.49). In addition, there was no significant difference for adverse events among the three therapeutic regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Combined treatment with alendronate and alfacalcidol was more active than the monotherapies in preventing bone fractures in osteoporosis patients. Large-scale randomized, controlled trials are recommended to confirm the result.

Giant cell rich osteosarcoma of the mandible with abundant spindle cells and osteoclast-like giant cells mimicking malignancy in giant cell tumor.

Giant cell rich osteosarcoma is a relatively unusual histological form of osteosarcoma, common lesion usually presenting in the long bones of the appendicular skeleton. The occurrence in the mandible is exceptional rare. Histologically, this tumor tends to be a highly anaplastic, pleomorphic tumor in which the tumor cells may be: plasmacytoid, fusiform, ovoid, small round cells, clear cells, mono-or multinucleated giant cells, or, spindle cells. Herein, we present a case with the sternum and first thoracic vertebra metastasis from primary giant cell rich osteosarcoma of the mandible in a 28 year-old Chinese female. The tumor was predominantly composed of abundant spindle cells with marked atypia and numerous osteoclast-like giant cells reminiscent of malignancy in giant cell tumor. The unusual histological appearance can pose a great diagnostic challenge. It may be easily misdiagnosed, especially if the specimen is limited or from fine-needle aspiration.

A two-dimensional cadmium(II) coordination polymer based on 5-(pyridin-4-yl)isophthalic acid: poly[[tetraaquabis[µ3-5-(pyridin-4-yl)isophthalato]dicadmium(II)] pentahydrate].

The title Cd(II) compound, {[Cd2(C13H7NO4)2(H2O)4]·5H2O}n, was synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O and 5-(pyridin-4-yl)isophthalic acid (H2L). The asymmetric unit contains two crystallographically independent Cd(II) cations, two deprotonated L(2-) ligands, four coordinated water molecules and five isolated water molecules. One of the Cd(II) cations adopts a six-coordinate octahedral coordination geometry involving three O atoms from one bidentate chelating and one monodentate carboxylate group of two different L(2-) ligands, one N atom of another L(2-) ligand and two coordinated water molecules. The second Cd(II) cation adopts a seven-coordinate pentagonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry involving four O atoms from two bidentate chelating carboxylate groups of two different L(2-) ligands, one N atom of another L(2-) ligand and two coordinated water molecules. Each L(2-) ligand bridges three Cd(II) cations and, likewise, each Cd(II) cation connects to three L(2-) ligands, giving rise to a two-dimensional graphite-like 6(3) layer structure. These two-dimensional layers are further linked by O-H···O hydrogen-bonding interactions to form a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. The photoluminescence properties of the title compound were also investigated.

Crystal Structure, Cytotoxicity and Interaction with DNA of Zinc (II) Complexes with o-Vanillin Schiff Base Ligands.

Two new zinc complexes, Zn(HL1)2 (1) and [Zn2(H2L2)(OAc)2]2 (2) [H2L1 = Schiff base derived from o-vanillin and (R)-(+)-2-amino-3-phenyl-1-propanol, H3L2 = Schiff base derived from o-vanillin and 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol], have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, TG analyses, solid fluorescence, IR, UV-Vis and circular dichroism spectra. The structural analysis shows that complex 1 has a right-handed double helical chain along the crystallographic b axis. A homochiral 3D supramolecular architecture has been further constructed by intermolecular C-H··· π, O-H···O and C-H···O interactions. Complex 2 includes two crystallographically independent binuclear zinc molecules. The two binuclear zinc molecules are isostructural. The 2-D sheet supramolecular structure was formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction. The fluorescence of ligands and complexes in DMF at room temperature are studied. The interactions of two complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) are investigated using UV-Vis, CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that complex 1 exhibits higher interaction with CT-DNA than complex 2. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity of the complexes towards four kinds of cancerous cell lines (A549, HeLa, HL-60 and K562) were assayed by the MTT method. Investigations on the structures indicated that the chirality and nuclearity of zinc complexes play an important role on cytotoxic activity.

Plexiform myxoid gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a potential diagnostic pitfall in pathological findings.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have a rather wide morphologic spectrum. Here, we report a rare variant plexiform GIST in gastric antrum. Microscopically, the tumor showed plexiform or multinodular growth pattern, proliferation of spindle cells, presence of epithelioid cells, and abundant myxoid stroma with thin-walled blood vessels. The histologic features were similar to plexiform fibromyxoma. The typical characteristics of immunohistochemistry (positive for CD34, DOG-1 and CD117) confirmed the final diagnosis of GIST. This is a rare case of myxoid GIST characterized by a plexiform growth pattern.

Interleukin 7 signaling prevents apoptosis by regulating bcl-2 and bax via the p53 pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Interleukin 7/Interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7/IL-7R) signaling induces the upregulation of cyclin D1 to promote cell proliferation in lung cancer, but its role in preventing the apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines remains unknown. To study the role of IL-7 in lung cancer cell apoptosis, normal HBE cells as well as A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells were examined using flow cytometry. The results showed that the activation of IL-7R by its specific ligand, exogenous interleukin-7, was associated with a significant decline in apoptotic cells. Western blot and real-time PCR assays indicated that the activation of IL-7/IL-7R significantly upregulated anti-apoptotic bcl-2 and downregulated pro-apoptotic bax and p53 at both protein and mRNA levels. The knockdown of IL-7R through small interfering RNAs significantly attenuated these effects of exogenous IL-7. However, there was no significant anti-apoptotic effect in H1299 (p53-) cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of p53 significantly abolished the effects of IL-7/IL-7R on lung cancer cell apoptosis. These results strongly suggest that IL-7/IL-7R prevents apoptosis by upregulating the expression of bcl-2 and by downregulating the expression of bax, potentially via the p53 pathway in A549 and HBE cells.

A one-dimensional silver(I) coordination polymer based on an asymmetric flexible N-donor carboxylate ligand: catena-poly[(µ3-4-{[(1-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl}benzoato-κ(3)O:O':N(4))silver(I)].

The title compound, [Ag(C15H11N4O2S)]n, was synthesized by the reaction of 4-{[(1-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl}benzoic acid (Hptmba) with silver nitrate and triethylamine at room temperature. The asymmetric unit contains one crystallographically independent Ag(I) cation and one ptmba(-) ligand. Each Ag(I) cation is tricoordinated by two carboxylate O atoms and one tetrazole N atom from three different ptmba(-) ligands, displaying a distorted T-shaped geometry. Three Ag(I) cations are linked by tris-monodentate bridging ptmba(-) ligands to form a one-dimensional double chain along the c axis, which is further consolidated by an intrachain π-π contact with an offset face-to-face distance of 4.176 (3) Å between the centroids of two adjacent aromatic rings in neighbouring benzoate groups. The one-dimensional chains are linked into a three-dimensional supramolecular framework by additional π-π interchain interactions, viz. of 3.753 (3) Å between two phenyl substituents of the tetrazole rings and of 4.326 (2) Å between a benzoate ring and a tetrazole ring. Thermogravimetric analysis and the fluorescence spectrum of the title compound reveal its good thermal stability and a strong green luminescence at room temperature.

Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma in combination with bovine porous bone mineral and bio-guide membrane on bone regeneration in mandible bicortical bony defects.

OBJECTIVE: Growth factors contained in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can induce osteoblast differentiation in certain studies, whereas in others, osteogenesis of PRP on mandible bone defects has not been proved clinically. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of autologous PRP on the osteogenic potential of combining bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM) and bio-guide membrane (BGM) in promoting mandible bicortical bony defects in rabbits. METHODS: One circular mandible bicortical bony defects were created in each of 54 rabbits, which were divided into 3 groups: group 1: 18 of the defects were left unfilled as a negative control; group 2: 18 of the defects were grafted with autologous PRP and BPBM/BGM; group 3: 18 of the defects were grafted with BPBM/BGM without PRP. Animals were killed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. Harvested tissue and specimens were evaluated histologically and radiographically, and metabolized observation was performed. Histological parameters associated with osteoblast activities, bone trabecula, neovascularization, newly formed mineralized bone, rudimental grafts and connective tissue formation were measured. Densities of the bones at 4, 8, and 12 weeks were studied by radiographic. The bone defect closure ratio was measured at 12 weeks. The bone metabolized parameter alkaline phosphatase was also measured and compared between 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS: The platelet concentration of PRP is 4.19- to 4.43-fold to that of the whole blood. Histological analysis showed new bone formation at all therapeutic sites including BPBM/BGM grafts with or without PRP. A statistically significant difference in new bone formation between group PRP/BPBM/BGM and group BPBM/BGM was observed. Untreated defects of group control showed the less bone regeneration. There was significant difference of bone density between group PRP/BPBM/BGM and control, and group BPBM/BGM and control, at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperative. There were more bone defects filling, and the grafts were absorbed at 12 weeks of group PRP/BPBM/BGM compared with group BPBM/BGM. Defects treated with PRP/BPBM/BGM demonstrated significantly increased activity of osteoblasts, enhanced amount of mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum in osteoblasts, and increased concentration of alkaline phosphatase at 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared with those treated with BPBM/BGM and control group. Complete closure ratio of bone defects treated with PRP/BPBM/BGM (50%) was significantly increased compared with that treated with BPBM/BGM (16.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The study suggested that PRP combination of BPBM and BGM had significant therapeutic effects on mandible bicortical bony defects of rabbits. The effects are associated with the high concentration of platelet in PRP and the porous configuration of BPBM. Although we cannot reveal the detailed statistical relationship of PRP on promoting BPBM/GBM osteoinductive effects, PRP demonstrated superior results of bone regeneration.