Hierarchical porous amorphous metal-organic frameworks constructed from ZnO/MOF glass composites.

For the first time, hierarchical porous amorphous metal-organic frameworks (HP-aMOFs) containing ultramicropores, micropores, and mesopores were synthesized by etching a composite of MOF glass (agZIF-76) and ZnO using ammonia. These materials show potential applications in the adsorption of C2 hydrocarbons.

Unravelling the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting of Nanometer-Thick Carbon Nitride Layer.

Matching the thickness of the graphitic carbon nitride (CN) nanolayer with the charge diffusion length is expected to compensate for the poor intrinsic conductivity and charge recombination in CN for photoelectrochemical cells (PEC). Herein, the compact CN nanolayer with tunable thickness is in situ coated on carbon fibers. The compact packing along with good contact with the substrate improves the electron transport and alleviates the charge recombination. The PEC investigation shows CN nanolayer of 93 nm-thick yields an optimum photocurrent of 116 µA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, comparable to most micrometer-thick CN layers, with a low onset potential of 0.2 V in 1 m KOH under 1 sun illumination. This optimum performance suggests the electron diffusion length matches with the thickness of the CN nanolayer. Further deposition of NiFe-layered double hydroxide enhanced the surface water oxidation kinetics, delivering an improved photocurrent of 210 µA cm-2 with IPCE of 12.8% at 400 nm. The CN nanolayer also shows extended potential in PEC organic synthesis. This work experimentally reveals the PEC behavior of the nanometer-thick CN layer, providing new insights into CN in the application of energy and environment-related fields.

Iodine Adsorption-Desorption-Induced Structural Transformation and Improved Ag+ Turn-On Luminescent Sensing Performance of a Nonporous Eu(III) Metal-Organic Framework.

Posttreatment of pristine metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with suitable vapor may be an effective way to regulate their structures and properties but has been less explored. Herein, we report an interesting example in which a crystalline nonporous Eu(III)-MOF was transferred to a porous amorphous MOF (aMOF) via iodine vapor adsorption-desorption posttreatment, and the resulting aMOF showed improved turn-on sensing properties with respect to Ag+ ions. The crystalline Eu-MOF, namely, Eu-IPDA, was assembled from Eu(III) and 4,4'-{4-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]pyridine-2,6-diyl}dibenzoic acid (H2IPDA) and exhibited a two-dimensional (2D) coordination network based on one-dimensional secondary building blocks. The close packing of the 2D networks gives rise to a three-dimensional supramolecular framework without any significant pores. Interestingly, the nonporous Eu-IPDA could absorb iodine molecules when Eu-IPDA crystals were placed in iodine vapor at 85 °C, and the adsorption capacity was 1.90 g/g, which is comparable to those of many MOFs with large BET surfaces. The adsorption of iodine is attributed to the strong interactions among the iodine molecule, the carboxy group, and the N-containing group and leads to the amorphization of the framework. After immersion of the iodine-loaded Eu-IPDA in EtOH, approximately 89.7% of the iodine was removed, resulting in a porous amorphous MOF, denoted as a-Eu-IPDA. In addition, the remaining iodine in the a-Eu-IPDA framework causes strong luminescent quenching in the fluorescence emission region of the Eu(III) center when compared with that in Eu-IPDA. The luminescence intensity of a-Eu-IPDA in water suspensions was significantly enhanced when Ag+ ions were added, with a detection limit of 4.76 × 10-6 M, which is 1000 times that of pristine Eu-IPDA. It also showed strong anti-interference ability over many common competitive metal ions and has the potential to sense Ag+ in natural water bodies and traditional Chinese medicine preparations. A mechanistic study showed that the interactions between Ag+ and the absorbed iodine, the carboxylate group, and the N atoms all contribute to the sensing performance of a-Eu-IPDA.

Hydrophobic Carbon Nitride Nanolayer Enables High-Flux Oil/Water Separation with Photocatalytic Antifouling Ability.

Efficient oil/water separation tackles various issues in occasions of oil leakage and oil discharge, such as environmental pollution, recollection of the oil, and saving the water. Herein, a compact superhydrophobic/superoleophilic graphitic carbon nitride nanolayer coated on carbon fiber networks (CNBA/CF) is designed and synthesized for efficient gravity-driven oil/water separation. The CNBA/CF shows excellent oil absorption and an impressive oil/water filtration separation performance. The flux reaches the state-of-art value of 4.29 × 105 L/m2/h for dichloromethane with separation efficiency up to 99%. Successive oil absorption tests, long-term filtration separation, and harsh conditions experiments confirm the remarkable separation and chemical structure stability of the CNBA/CF filter. Besides, the CNBA/CF demonstrates good photocatalytic antifouling ability thanks to the extended visible light absorption and improved charge separation. This work combines the material surface wettability modulation with a photocatalytic self-cleaning property in the fabrication of efficient oil/water separation materials while overcoming the filter fouling issue.

Porous amorphous metal-organic frameworks based on heterotopic triangular ligands for iodine and high-capacity dye adsorption.

The research on amorphous metal-organic frameworks (aMOFs) is still in its infancy, and designing and constructing aMOFs with functional pores remains a challenge. Two aMOFs based on Co(II) and heterotopic triangular ligands with large conjugated aromatic planes, namely aMOF-1 and aMOF-2, were constructed and characterized by IR, XPS, EA, ICP, XANS and so on. aMOF-1 possesses mesopores, whereas aMOF-2 possesses micropores. The porosity, conjugated aromatic plane and uncoordinated N atoms in the framework allow these aMOFs to adsorb iodine and dyes. The iodine adsorption capacity of aMOF-1 is 3.3 g per g, which is higher than that of aMOF-2 (0.56 g per g), mainly due to the expansion or swelling of aMOF-1 after iodine adsorption. The uptake of cationic dyes by aMOF-2 showed more rapid kinetics and a higher removal rate than that by aMOF-1, mainly due to the difference in the porosity and surface charge. Although the surface charges of aMOF-1 and aMOF-2 are negative, both of them showed significantly faster adsorption kinetics toward anionic dyes, among which methyl orange (MO) and Congo red (CR) can be removed in 5 min. This occurs possibly because the quick adsorption of Na+ ions alters the surface charge of the framework and promotes dye uptake. The adsorption capacities of aMOF-1 for MO and CR reached 921 and 2417 mg g-1, respectively. The correlation data for aMOF-2 are 1042 and 1625 mg g-1, respectively. All adsorption capacities are among the highest compared to many cMOFs. Adsorption in mixed dye solution is found to be charge-dependent, kinetic-dependent, and synergetic in these systems. The porosity, surface charge regulation during adsorption, weak interactions and multiple adsorption processes contribute to the dye adsorption performance.

Encapsulation of a metal-organic cage-based porous salt in silica nanopores.

A metal-organic cage (MOC)-based porous salt composed of cationic Zr-MOC and anionic Cu-MOC was incorporated into SBA-15 nanopores via a two-step impregnation method for the first time. The encapsulated MOC-based porous salt showed improved iodine adsorption capacity when compared with the bulk sample.

[Inhibitory Effect of Cinobufotalin on Macrophage Inflammatory Factor Storm and Its Mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inflammatory effects of Cinobufotalin on monocytes in resting state and macrophages in activated state and its molecular mechanism. METHODS: THP-1 cells were stimulated with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate to induce differentiation into macrophages. Lipopolysaccharides was added to activate macrophages in order to establish macrophage activation model. Cinobufotalin was added to the inflammatory cell model for 24 h as a treatment. CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation, Annexin V /PI double staining flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis, flow cytometry was used to detect macrophage activation, and cytometric bead array was used to detect cytokines. Transcriptome sequencing was used to explore the gene expression profile regulated by Cinobufotalin. Changes in the significantly regulated molecules were verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS: 1∶25 concentration of Cinobufotalin significantly inhibited the proliferation of resting monocytes(P<0.01), and induced apoptosis(P<0.01), especially the activated macrophages(P<0.001, P<0.001). Cinobufotalin significantly inhibited the activation of macrophages, and significantly down-regulated the inflammatory cytokines(IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-8) released by activated macrophages(P＜0.001). Its mechanism was achieved by inhibiting TLR4/MYD88/P-IκBa signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Cinobufotalin can inhibit the inflammatory factors produced by the over-activation of macrophages through TLR4/MYD88/P-IκBa pathway, which is expected to be applied to the treatment and research of diseases related to the over-release of inflammatory factors.

Th2 cells infiltrating high-grade serous ovarian cancer: a feature that may account for the poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the differences of transcriptome profile between 2 groups of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients with distinct outcomes and identify potential biomarkers for recurrence. METHODS: RNA sequencing was performed in 2 groups of HGSOC patients with similar demographic characteristics but exhibiting distinct progression-free survival (PFS). Transcriptome data of poor response (PR; PFS ≤6 months) and good response (GR; PFS ≥12 months) group were compared. We employed xCell to evaluate the abundance of 63 cells in tumor microenvironment. The predictive value of recurrence-related tumor infiltration cells was validated in cohort data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The weighted correlation network analysis was performed to identify the genes related to cell infiltration. RESULTS: PR patients exhibited a distinct tumor infiltration immune cells-related transcriptional profile compared to GR patients, such as lower signatures of leukocyte differentiation, activation and chemotaxis. The fraction of T-helper 2 (Th2) cells infiltration was significantly higher in PR group than in GR group. High infiltration of Th2 was significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis in the GEO cohort (area under the curve=0.84 at 6 months recurrence) and TCGA cohort (p=0.008). Genes enriched to extracellular matrix organization and integrin binding were relevant to Th2 infiltration. CONCLUSION: Patients with HGSOC having shorter PFS exhibited a distinct gene signature that related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The level of Th2 infiltration could facilitate patient recurrence risk stratification and may be a promising biomarker for prognosis prediction and immune-related treatment.

Evaluation of Renal Impairment in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors related to renal impairment in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from the perspective of integrated Chinese and Western medicine. METHODS: Totally 492 patients with DKD in 8 Chinese hospitals from October 2017 to July 2019 were included. According to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging guidelines, patients were divided into a chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-3 group and a CKD 4-5 group. Clinical data were collected, and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to different CKD stages in DKD patients. RESULTS: Demographically, male was a factor related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD (OR=3.100, P=0.002). In clinical characteristics, course of diabetes >60 months (OR=3.562, P=0.010), anemia (OR=4.176, P<0.001), hyperuricemia (OR=3.352, P<0.001), massive albuminuria (OR=4.058, P=0.002), atherosclerosis (OR=2.153, P=0.007) and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=1.945, P=0.020) were factors related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD. CONCLUSIONS: Male, course of diabetes >60 months, anemia, hyperuricemia, massive proteinuria, atherosclerosis, and blood deficiency syndrome might indicate more severe degree of renal function damage in patients with DKD. (Registration No. NCT03865914).

Integrin α6 Targeted Near Infrared Fluorescent Imaging and Photoacoustic Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice.

Background and Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death and ranks sixth in terms of incident cases worldwide. The purpose of this study was to develop an effective and sensitive method to distinguish liver cancer tissues from normal tissues in HCC patients. Integrin α6 is a promising cell surface target for molecular imaging of HCC, where it is overexpressed and is a prognostic biomarker. We previously identified an integrin α6-targeted peptide CRWYDENAC (RWY) that has been used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of HCC in mouse models. Methods: We labeled the integrin α6-targeted RWY peptide with cyanine 7 (Cy7) to form an optical probe (Cy7-RWY) for near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging in HCC. Mice transplanted with subcutaneous HCC-LM3 or orthotopic HCC-H22 cells that overexpressed integrin α6 were intravenously injected with Cy7-RWY and its corresponding Cy7-control. NIRF and PA images of mice were collected from 0 to 48 h after injection. Results: Both NIRF and PA signals started to accumulate in the tumor 2 h after injection of Cy7-RWY and peaked at 24 h. Conclusions: Cy7-RWY is a promising optical probe for NIRF and PA imaging of HCC in mice, and has potential clinical application for HCC detection.

Regulating the Porosity and Iodine Adsorption Properties of Metal-Organic Framework Glass via an Ammonia-Immersion Approach.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) glass is a new type of glass material, but it usually lacks sufficient porosity. Thus, regulating the pore structure of MOF glass to improve its adsorption performance is very important. Herein, we found that the porosity of MOF glasses agZIF-62 and agZIF-76 can be regulated via an ammonia-immersion approach. After ammonia immersion, the resulting agZIF-62-NH3 and agZIF-76-NH3 could be maintained in their glass states or converted to their amorphous states, respectively. Their porosity changed according to the gas adsorption experiments. Notably, compared with agZIF-62 and agZIF-76, the iodine uptake capacities for agZIF-62-NH3 and agZIF-76NH3 increased by 12 and 21 times, respectively. This work shows that the subsequent treatment of MOF glass can regulate their adsorption performance.

Anatomy and clinical application of suprascapular nerve to accessory nerve transfer.

BACKGROUND: Loss of motor function in the trapezius muscle is one complication of radical neck dissection after cutting the accessory nerve (AN) during surgery. Nerve repair is an effective method to restore trapezius muscle function, and includes neurolysis, direct suture, and nerve grafting. The suprascapular nerve (SCN) and AN are next to each other in position. The function of the AN and SCN in shoulder elevation and abduction movement is synergistic. SCN might be considered by surgeons for AN reanimation. AIM: To obtain anatomical and clinical data for partial suprascapular nerve-to-AN transfer. METHODS: Ten sides of cadavers perfused with formalin were obtained from the Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center. The SCN (n = 10) and AN (n = 10) were carefully dissected in the posterior triangle of the neck, and the trapezius muscle was dissected to fully display the accessory nerve. The length of the SCN from the origin of the brachial plexus (a point) to the scapular notch (b point) and the distance of the SCN from the origin point (a point) to the point (c point) where the AN entered the border of the trapezius muscle were measured. The length and branches of the AN in the trapezius muscle were measured. A female patient aged 55 years underwent surgery for partial SCN to AN transfer at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. The patient suffered from recurrent upper gingival cancer. Radical neck dissection was performed on the right side, and the right AN was removed at the intersection between the nerve and the posterior border of the SCM muscle. One-third of the diameter of the SCN was cut off, and combined epineurial and perineurial sutures were applied between the distal end of the cut-off fascicles of the SCN and the proximal end of the AN without tension. Both subjective and objective evaluations were performed before, three months after, and nine months after surgery. For the subjective evaluation, the questionnaire included the Neck Dissection Impairment Index (NDII) and the Constant Shoulder Scale. Electromyography was used for the objective examination. Data were analyzed using t tests with SPSS 19.0 software to determine the relationship between the length of the SCN and the linear distance. A P value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: The whole length of the AN in the trapezius muscle was 16.89 cm. The average numbers of branches distributed in the descending, horizontal and ascending portions were 3.8, 2.6 and 2.2, respectively. The diameter of the AN was 1.94 mm at the anterior border of the trapezius. The length of the suprascapular nerve from the origin of the brachial plexus to the scapular notch was longer than the distance of the suprascapular nerve from the origin point to the point where the accessory nerve entered the upper edge of the trapezius muscle. The amplitude of trapezius muscle electromyography indicated that both the horizontal and ascending portions of the trapezius muscle on the right side had better function than the left side nine months after surgery. The results showed that the right-sided supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles did not lose more function than the left side. CONCLUSION: Based on anatomical data and clinical application, partial suprascapular nerve-to-AN transfer could be achieved and may improve innervation of the affected trapezius muscle after radical neck dissection.

[Clinical anatomical study on the treatment of tarsal tunnel syndrome with four-point vertical acupotomy].

OBJECTIVE: To explore safety and accuracy of four-point acupotomy for the treatment of tarsal tunnel syndrome regarding release of ankle tunnel flexor retinaculum to provide an anatomical basis of clinical treatment. METHODS: Twenty-nine adult specimens (15 males and 14 females) fixed with 10% formalin, aged from 47 to 98 years old with an average age of (81.10±11.14) years old, 29 on the right side and 29 on the left side, which were selected for the study from September 2020 to October 2020. Simulate the operation of loosening flexor retinaculumt with a needle knife on the human specimen, and place the specimen on the frog position of lower limbs with medial malleolus upward to determine the center of medial malleolus. Choose 4 different positions near the flexor retinaculum to insert the needle so that the needle body was perpendicular to skin and cutting edge direction was perpendicular to the running direction of the flexor retinaculum. The needle knife penetrates the skin and explores slowly. When the flexor retinaculum was reached, the needle tip may touch the tough tissue. At this time, the cutting is loosened for 4 times. After acupotomy release operation was completed, make a lateral incision on the skin surface along acupotomy direction, open the area of the exposed flexor retinaculum, dissecting layer by layer, observe and record the needle knife and its surrounding anatomical structure. The length of acupotomy cutting marks of flexor retinaculum was measured by electronic vernier caliper. The safety and accuracy of acupotomy loosening of ankle canal flexor retinaculum were evaluated by observing the number and degree of ankle canal contents such as tendons and nerves injured by needle knife. The safety is to count the number of cases of acupotomy injury to the contents of the ankle canal, and to calculate the injury rate, that is, the number of injury cases/total cases × 100%. The effective release was defined as the release length L ≥ W/2(W is the width of the flexor retinaculum, defined as 20 mm). RESULTS: For safety, there were no acupotomy injuries to nerves or blood vessels in 58 cases, 26 cases injuried to posterior tibial tendon which 17 of these tendon injury cases, the tendon was penetrated and severely injured, and flexor digitorum longus tendon was injured in 12 cases. Among these cases, tendon was penetrated and severely injured in 4 cases, and total injury rate was 32.14%. No nerve and vessel injury on c3 and c4 point. For accuracy, 58 specimens were successfully released. The length Lc of releasing trace for acupotomy was (10.40±1.36) cm, and length range 6.38 to 12.88 cm. Among all cases, the length of releasing trace was ≥10 mm in 37 cases. The overall success rate of release was 100.00%. Layered structure of ankle tube flexor retinaculumt:fiber diaphragm from flexor retinaculum divides contents of ankle tube into different chambers inward, and fiber diaphragm meets here to synthesize a complete flexor retinaculum at the midpoint of the line between the medial malleolus tip and calcaneal tubercle(above the neurovascular course). CONCLUSION: Four-point needle-knife method of releasing flexor retinaculum for the treatment of tarsal tunnel syndrome is performed at the attachment of the two ends of flexor retinaculum;the tendon, but not the nerves and blood vessels, is easily damaged. It is safe to insert needle on the side of calcaneus. The extent of release is relatively complete, but due to the "layered" structure of the flexor retinaculum, classic surgical technique could only release one layer of flexor retinaculum when a needle is inserted at the edge of the bone and cannot achieve complete release of the full thickness of the flexor. Therefore, it remains to be determined whether the desired effect can be achieved clinically.

Fabrication of cellulose derivative coated spherical covalent organic frameworks as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation.

Porous spherical silica-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) have been commercially used in the field of chiral separation, however, the scope of their application is, to some extent, limited by the instability of silica towards mobile phase containing strong base or acid. As such, developing new matrix-based CSPs is one of the effective strategies to overcome this bottleneck in studies of chiral separation materials. In this work, we have demonstrated that stable spherical covalent organic frameworks (SCOFs) can be utilized as matrixes for the fabrication of new CSPs for the first time. Specifically, a porous imine-linked SCOF with good crystallinity, large surface area, and high chemical stability is synthesized at room temperature. Then, cellulose-tris (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC), a typical cellulose derivative, is selected as a potential chiral selector and coated onto the robust SCOFs, giving rise to the fabrication of new CDMPC@SCOF CSPs. The as-synthesized stable SCOF-based CSPs are exploited for high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) enantioseparation, showing high resolution abilities for the separation of racemic compounds such as metalaxyl, 1-(1-naphthalenyl)ethanol, epoxiconazol, trans-stilbene oxide, and so on. Moreover, the prepared SCOF-based CSPs exhibit more superior acid and base stability than those of the silica-based CSPs. Our work not only uncovers the great potential of SCOFs as matrixes for constructing novel CSPs, but also expands the application of COFs in the field of enantiomeric separation under harsh base and acid conditions.

Enantioselective bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and thyroid disruption assessment of cis-metconazole enantiomers in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Chiral triazole pesticides may cause enantioselectively adverse effects to non-target organisms. In this work, we employed zebrafish as an aquatic organism model to explore stereoselective acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and thyroid disruption of cis-metconazole enantiomers. The median lethal concentration values of (1S, 5R)-metconazole, (1R, 5S)-metconazole, and the mixture of them against zebrafish were 4.01, 2.61 and 3.17 mg⋅L-1, respectively. (1R, 5S)-Metconazole was preferentially bioaccumulated in zebrafish than (1S, 5R)-metconazole, and the bioconcentration factor of (1R, 5S)-metconazole was 1.28-fold larger than that of (1S, 5R)-metconazole. Then, the activity order of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S transferase enzymes in zebrafish was expressed as (1S, 5R)-metconazole > the mixture > (1R, 5S)-metconazole, while the order of malondialdehyde content in zebrafish was (1R, 5S)-metconazole > the mixture > (1S, 5R)-metconazole. Moreover, cis-metconazole exhibited enantioselective regulation effects on the levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in zebrafish, and (1R, 5S)-metconazole possessed stronger thyroid disruption ability to zebrafish than the others. By virtue of molecular docking methodology, the binding affair and docking energy results supported that interactions between (1R, 5S)-metconazole and thyroid hormone receptors were much stronger than those between (1S, 5R)-metconazole and same receptors. This study of enantioselective evaluation of cis-metconazole in zebrafish can provide favorable information for risk assessments of chiral pesticides toward environment and health of aquatic organisms.

Evolution of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy from 2012 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis. Review.

BACKGROUND: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has become increasingly popular during the past few decades, and its indications have extended from patients with normal liver to post-chemotherapy patients and even patients with cirrhosis. However, few studies have assessed the publications in relation to ALPPS. METHODS: Web of Science was searched to identify studies related to ALPPS published from 2012 to 2021. The analysis was performed using the bibliometric package (Version 3.1.0) in R software. RESULTS: In total, 486 publications were found. These articles were published in 159 journals and authored by 2157 researchers from 694 organizations. The most prolific journal was Annals of Surgery (24 articles and 1170 citations). The most frequently cited article was published in Annals of Surgery (average citations, 72.7; total citations, 727). China was the most productive country for ALPPS publications but had comparatively less interaction with other countries. Both thematic evolution and co-occurrence network analysis showed low numbers of topics such as failure, resection, and safety among the publications but large numbers of highly cited papers on outcomes, prediction, mechanisms, multicenter analysis, and novel procedures such as liver venous deprivation. A total of 196 studies focused the clinical application of ALPPS, and most studies were IDEAL Stages I and II. The specific mechanism of ALPPS liver regeneration remains unclear. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first bibliometric analysis offering an overview of the development of ALPPS research publications. Our findings identified prominent studies, countries, institutions, journals, and authors to indicate the future direction of ALPPS research. The role of ALPPS in liver regeneration and the long-term results of ALPPS need further study. Future research directions include comparison of ALPPS with portal vein embolization, liver venous deprivation, and other two-stage hepatectomies as well as patients' quality of life after ALPPS.

Amorphous metal-organic frameworks obtained from a crystalline precursor for the capture of iodine with high capacities.

Two amorphous metal-organic frameworks (aMOFs) were obtained from crystalline Co-MOF (SCNU-Z6) via temperature-induced (aT-SCNU-Z6) and water-immersed (aW-SCNU-Z6) approaches. They exhibited high iodine uptake, with the adsorption capacities of aT-SCNU-Z6 and aW-SCNU-Z6 reaching 2.05 and 5.04 g g-1, respectively. This work is the first report of iodine uptake by aMOFs.

Interactions of diclazuril enantiomers with serum albumins: Multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches.

In this work, multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods have been conducted in the investigation of enantioselective interactions between diclazuril enantiomers and human/bovine serum albumins (HSA/BSA). The binding constants between serum albumins (SAs) and diclazuril enantiomers revealed that SAs exhibited stronger binding affinity for (R)-diclazuril than (S)-enantiomer. In addition, the fluorescence quenching of SAs induced by diclazuril enantiomers was ascribed to static quenching mechanism, in which hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces were the main interactions. According to the thermodynamic study, binding of diclazuril enantiomers and SAs was an exothermic process driven by enthalpy change. Then, circular dichroism spectroscopy of SAs with diclazuril enantiomers revealed that the SAs conformation had changed in the presence of diclazuril. Moreover, molecular docking technology was applied in exploration of interactions between SAs and diclazuril enantiomers. The docking energy between SAs and (R)-diclazuril was larger than (S)-diclazuril, which indicated that the affinity of SAs with (R)-diclazuril was stronger than (S)-enantiomer. This work may provide valuable information for explaining differences in pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of diclazuril enantiomers in living organisms.