Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals MYOF-Enriched Monocyte/Macrophage Subcluster as a Favorable Prognostic Factor in Sepsis.

This research utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to map the immune cell landscape in sepsis, revealing 28 distinct cell clusters and categorizing them into nine major types. Delving into the monocyte/macrophage subclusters, 12 unique subclusters are identified and pathway enrichment analyses are conducted using KEGG and GO, discovering enriched pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation and antigen processing. Further GSVA and AUCell assessments show varied activation of interferon pathways, especially in subclusters 4 and 11. The clinical correlation analysis reveals genes significantly linked to survival outcomes. Additionally, cellular differentiation in these subclusters is explored. Building on these insights, the differential gene expression within these subclusters is specifically scrutinized, which reveal MYOF as a key gene with elevated expression levels in the survivor group. This finding is further supported by in-depth pathway enrichment analysis and the examination of cellular differentiation trajectories, where MYOF's role became evident in the context of immune response regulation and sepsis progression. Validating the role of the MYOF gene in sepsis, a dose-dependent response to LPS in THP-1 cells and C57 mice is observed. Finally, inter-cellular communications are analyzed, particularly focusing on the MYOF+Mono/Macro subcluster, which indicates a pivotal role in immune regulation and potential therapeutic targeting.

Perforated gastric ulcer causing mediastinal emphysema: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Mediastinal emphysema is a condition in which air enters the mediastinum between the connective tissue spaces within the pleura for a variety of reasons. It can be spontaneous or secondary to chest trauma, esophageal perforation, medically induced factors, etc. Its common symptoms are chest pain, tightness in the chest, and respiratory distress. Most mediastinal emphysema patients have mild symptoms, but severe mediastinal emphysema can cause respiratory and circulatory failure, resulting in serious consequences. CASE SUMMARY: A 75-year-old man, living alone, presented with sudden onset of severe epigastric pain with chest tightness after drinking alcohol. Due to the remoteness of his residence and lack of neighbors, the patient was found by his nephew and brought to the hospital the next morning after the disease onset. Computed tomography (CT) showed free gas in the abdominal cavity, mediastinal emphysema, and subcutaneous pneumothorax. Upper gastrointestinal angiography showed that the esophageal mucosa was intact and the gastric antrum was perforated. Therefore, we chose to perform open gastric perforation repair on the patient under thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with intravenous anesthesia. An operative incision of the muscle layer of the patient's abdominal wall was made, and a large amount of subperitoneal gas was revealed. And a continued incision of the peritoneum revealed the presence of a perforation of approximately 0.5 cm in the gastric antrum, which we repaired after pathological examination. Postoperatively, the patient received high-flow oxygen and cough exercises. Chest CT was performed on the first and sixth postoperative days, and the mediastinal and subcutaneous gas was gradually reduced. CONCLUSION: After gastric perforation, a large amount of free gas in the abdominal cavity can reach the mediastinum through the loose connective tissue at the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm, and upper gastrointestinal angiography can clarify the site of perforation. In patients with mediastinal emphysema, open surgery avoids the elevation of the diaphragm caused by pneumoperitoneum compared to laparoscopic surgery and avoids increasing the mediastinal pressure. In addition, thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with intravenous anesthesia also avoids pressure on the mediastinum from mechanical ventilation.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts contribute to the immunosuppressive landscape and influence the efficacy of the combination therapy of PD-1 inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation is considered the most critical predisposing factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with inflammatory cell heterogeneity, hepatic fibrosis accumulation, and abnormal vascular proliferation as prominent features of the HCC tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in HCC TME remodeling. Therefore, the level of abundance of CAFs may significantly affect the prognosis and outcome in HCC patients. METHODS: Unsupervised clustering was performed based on 39 genes related to CAFs in HCC identified by single-cell RNA sequencing data. Patients of bulk RNA were grouped into CAF low abundance cluster and high abundance clusters. Subsequently, prognosis, immune infiltration landscape, metabolism, and treatment response between the two clusters were investigated and validated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Patients in the CAF high cluster had a higher level of inflammatory cell infiltration, a more significant immunosuppressive microenvironment, and a significantly worse prognosis than those in the low cluster. At the metabolic level, the CAF high cluster had lower levels of aerobic oxidation and higher angiogenic scores. Drug treatment response prediction indicated that the CAF high cluster could have a better response to PD-1 inhibitors and conventional chemotherapeutic agents for HCC such as anti-angiogenic drugs, whereas CAF low cluster may be more sensitive to transarterial chemoembolization treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study not only revealed the TME characteristics of HCC with the difference in CAF abundance but also further confirmed that the combination therapy of PD-1 inhibitors and anti-angiogenic drugs may be more valuable for patients with high CAF abundance.

Controllable formation of polydopamine on carbon dots for ultrasensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase and ratiometric fluorescence immunoassay of benzocaine.

Sensing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with high sensitivity and accuracy is critical for both ALP-related health and food safety supervision and the development of ALP-triggered immunoassay platforms. Herein, an ultrasensitive ratiometric fluorescence (RF) sensing system based on the controllable formation of luminescent polydopamine and efficient quenching of carbon dots was proposed for the ALP activity assay, achieving quantitative detection in the range of 0.01-100 mU/L. Furthermore, this RF sensing system was integrated with an ALP-based ELISA platform to construct an RF-ELISA for benzocaine, a potentially abused anesthetic in edible fish, and ultrasensitive assay at the level of fg/mL was realized. This ratiometric strategy-based platform effectively shields various interferences through the self-calibration effect, thus providing more accurate and reliable quantification results. This study not only offers an efficient method for ultratrace detection of ALP and benzocaine but also proposes a universal platform for ultrasensitive detection of diverse targets in food analysis by replacing the recognition unit.

c-Myb Dominates TBK1-Mediated Endotoxin Tolerance in Kupffer Cells by Negatively Regulating DTX4.

As a protective mechanism regulating excessive inflammation, endotoxin tolerance plays a vital role in regulating endotoxin shock. Kupffer cells are players in mediating endotoxin tolerance. Nonetheless, the regulatory mechanism regulating endotoxin tolerance is barely known. A nonclassical IKK kinase called TRAF-associated NF-κB activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) can regulate inflammation. Here, we found that TBK1 is required for endotoxin tolerance in Kupffer cells. TBK1 plays a dominant role in regulating endotoxin tolerance by negatively regulating the induction of p100 processing. Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 4 (DTX4), a negative regulator of TBK1, can promote TBK1 K48-mediated ubiquitination and indirectly regulate endotoxin tolerance in Kupffer cells. We demonstrate that the c-Myb transcription factor could negatively regulate DTX4. Overexpression of c-Myb can be used to reduce the ubiquitination of TBK1 by reducing DTX4 transcription and to boost the anti-inflammatory effect of endotoxin tolerance. Thus, this study reveals a novel theory of TBK1-mediated endotoxin tolerance in Kupffer cells.

Ratiometric Fluorescence Immunoassay Based on MnO2 Nanoflakes for Sensitive and Accurate Detection of Tricaine.

Tricaine is a common anesthetic used in the long-distance transport of live fish. Recently, its negative impact on human health has aroused extensive concern. Thus, rapid and reliable techniques for tricaine residue analysis are essential to ensuring the quality of aquatic products. Herein, a specific anti-tricaine monoclonal antibody (Mab) was prepared. Then, a sensitive and robust ratiometric fluorescence ELISA (RF-ELISA) was constructed for detecting tricaine based on two MnO2 nanoflake-mediated (MnO2 NFs) fluorogenic reactions. In the RF-ELISA protocol, MnO2 NFs with oxidase-like activity can trigger the formation of fluorescent 2,3-diaminophenazine (oxOPD) with an emissive peak at 570 nm from non-fluorescent o-phenylenediamine (OPD), while ascorbic acid (AA) can decompose MnO2 NFs to lose their oxidase-mimicking activity, which is accompanied by the oxidation of AA into dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA). The subsequent reaction between the generated DHAA and OPD will result in the production of 3-(1,2-dihydroxy ethyl)furo[3,4-b]quinoxalin-1(3H)-on (DFQ), which has a potent emission peak at 445 nm. By virtue of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) labeled on the antibody, which can catalyze the production of AA from ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP), the concentration of tricaine can be linked to the variation of the RF signal (F445/F570) via a competitive immunoreaction. After optimization, RF-ELISA displayed a detection limit (LOD) of 0.28 ng/mL toward tricaine (in buffer solution), which was 376-fold lower than that of the traditional colorimetric ELISA. For practical application, the LODs of RF-ELISA for tricaine detection in shrimp and tilapia samples were determined to be 2.8 and 5.6 ng/g, respectively. Recoveries for spiked shrimp and tilapia samples, as well as the validation data from LC-MS/MS, showed that RF-ELISA exhibited good accuracy, precision, and reliability. This RF-ELISA protocol opened up new ways for tricaine and other-target analyses in food safety detection.

Evaluation of BDE-47-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos.

There are growing concerns about the neurodevelopmental toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), but the toxicological phenotypes and mechanisms are not well elucidated. Here, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) from 4 to 72 h post-fertilization (hpf). The results showed that BDE-47 stimulated the production of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, but inhibited expression of Nestin, GFAP, Gap43, and PSD95 in 24 hpf embryos. Importantly, we unraveled the inhibitory effects of BDE-47 on neural crest-derived melanocyte differentiation and melanin syntheses process, evidenced by disrupted expression of wnt1, wnt3, sox10, mitfa, tyrp1a, tyrp1b, tryp2, and oca2 gene in 72 hpf embryos and decreased tyrosinase activities in embryos at 48 and 72 hpf. The transcriptional activities of myosin VAa, kif5ba, rab27a, mlpha, and cdc42 genes, which are associated with intracellular transport process, were also disturbed during zebrafish development. Ultimately, these alterations led to fast spontaneous movement and melanin accumulation deficit in zebrafish embryos upon BDE-47 exposure. Our results provide an important extension for understanding the neurodevelopmental effects of PBDEs and facilitate the comprehensive evaluation of neurotoxicity in embryos.

[Research progress on biomass ash carbon capture and storage]. / ç”Ÿç‰©è´¨ç°çš„ç¢³æ•é›†ä¸Žå°å­˜ç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is an important way to slow down the continuous increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and to achieve the dual carbon target. Carbon capture and storage through biomass ash is a secure, permanent, and environment friendly way. To better understand the characteristics of biomass ash carbon capture and storage, we summarized progresses on biomass ash carbon capture and storage, clarified the mechanisms of biomass ash carbon sequestration, analyzed the influencing factors, and explored its applications in various domains. The capacity of CCS by biomass ash mainly derived from alkaline earth metal oxides of CaO and MgO. The actual carbon sequestration efficiency is affected by factors such as biomass source, chemical composition, temperature, humidity, pressure, and CO2 concentration. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The CCS capacity of biomass ash significantly impacts its potential applications in building materials reuse, soil quality improvement, and adsorbents carbon capture and storage absorbent preparation. Long-term research is critically needed. For future studies, we should strengthen the research on the carbonization efficiency of biomass ash from multiple sources, establish a database related to the impact of biomass ash carbonization, build a methodological system to promote scientific management of biomass ash, develop biomass ash carbon capture and storage technologies, and quantitatively assess its role in carbon sequestration.

Nanobody-based fluorescent immunoassay using carbon dots anchored cobalt oxyhydroxide composite for the sensitive detection of fenitrothion.

Fenitrothion (FN) residue in food is a serious threat to public health. Consequently, a sensitive, cost-effective, and convenient immunoassay for FN urgently needs to be fabricated to safeguard human health. Herein, a nanobody-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein (Nb-ALP)-based fluorescent ELISA using red emissive carbon dots (r-CDs) anchored cobalt oxyhydroxide nanosheet (CoOOH NS) composite was developed for detecting FN. Briefly, a Nb-ALP was obtained by autoinduction expression and employed as a recognition, signal transduction, and amplification element. As the fluorescence signal source, r-CDs were assembled with CoOOH NS to yield the r-CDs@CoOOH NS composite, leading to the fluorescence quenching of r-CDs via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). After competitive immunoreaction, the Nb-ALP bounded to the immobilized antigen can mediate the production of ascorbic acid, which can reduce the CoOOH NS to Co2+, breaking the FRET between r-CDs and CoOOH NS, accompanied by the fluorescence recovery of r-CDs. This fluorescent ELISA is highly sensitive to FN with a detection limit of 0.14 ng mL-1, which is 25-fold lower than that of conventional colorimetric ELISAs. The recovery test of food samples and the validation by GC-MS/MS further demonstrated the proposed assay was an ideal tool for detecting FN.

[Evaluation of climate regulation service at prefecture-level city: A case study of Fuzhou City, China]. / 地市尺度气候调节服务评估­­ä»¥ç¦å·žå¸‚为例.

Ecosystem services are the bridge between ecosystem functions and human welfare. Climate regulation service (CRS) has an extremely important role in ecosystem services. It is important to conduct a comprehensive assessment based on the whole process of CRS occurrence for scientific assessment of ecosystem services. With Fuzhou City as a case, we carried out the assessment of CRS at the local and municipal scales, and analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of CRS at the administrative unit and land use and land cover scales. The results showed that the aggregated physical capacity of CRS in Fuzhou City was 4.01×1012 MJ (monetary value 613.944 billion yuan, GDP 561.808 billion yuan) and 4.66×1012 MJ (monetary value 714.002 billion yuan, GDP 785.681 billion yuan) in 2015 and 2018, respectively, and that the monetary value of CRS was roughly equivalent to the GDP of that year. The main land use/cover (LULC) type was woodland, cultivated land, and water area, which accounted for 57%, 15%, and 9% of Fuzhou's land area, respectively. Water area contributed the most to Fuzhou's CRS, with a contribution of over 60% in 2018, higher than woodland (12%), and cultivated land (13%). The CRS was lower in built-up areas and eastern farming areas. Between 2015 and 2018, the area of LULC change in Fuzhou was 1805.5 km2. The largest changes were cultivated land and wood land. The main land use transfer direction was between cultivated land and woodland, woodland and garden land, cultivated land and residential and industrial and mining land. The aggregated physical capacity of CRS changed by 6.74×1011 MJ, while the corresponding monetary value of 103.58 billion yuan. The CRS changes were concentrated in the central and western regions such as Minhou, Minqing, and Yongtai, and the western mountainous regions such as Luoyuan and Fuqing. The most drastic change of CRS was found in water area. The conversion of water areas produced extremely strong changes in CRS, much stronger than the effects of conversion of other LULC types.

A high-resolution colorimetric immunoassay for tyramine detection based on enzyme-enabled growth of gold nanostar coupled with smartphone readout.

In this work, a specific monoclonal antibody against tyramine was produced based on a new hapten design. Then, we developed a high-resolution multicolor colorimetric immunoassay for tyramine based on this antibody by integrating enzyme-induced multicolor generation with smartphone-assistant signal readout. The multicolor generation is due to the shift of the local surface plasmon resonance band of gold nanostructure controlled by alkaline phosphatase-induced the growth of gold nanostars. Quantitative detection of tyramine was achieved via analyzing the red/blue channel values of assay solution's image taken by a smartphone with the support of a color recognizer application. The limit of detection of this immunoassay for tyramine detection in beef, pork and yoghurt was 19.7 mg/kg or L. The average recoveries were between 83 % and 103 %., and the results were validated by high performance liquid chromatography to be reliable. Overall, this developed immunoassay provides a promising platform for on-site detection of tyramine.

[Contribution of straw disposal to carbon source and sink under the framework of carbon neutrality]. / 碳中和视角下秸秆处置方式对碳源汇的贡献.

Exploring the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of carbon source and carbon sink under different disposal methods of crop straw is of great significance for optimizing the utilization policy of crop straw resources in China and realizing the goal of maximizing carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization. Based on data from National Statistical Yearbook, we examined the changing trends of both the amount and value of carbon emission, carbon emission reduction, carbon sink enhancement under different crop straw disposal methods in 31 provinces of Chinese mainland. The results showed that the mean annual carbon emissions of straw burning in China from 2008 to 2019 were 8.74 million tons of CO2e. Since 2014, the mean annual reduction rate of carbon emissions was 17.3%. The mean annual carbon emission reduction of energy utilization was 39.82 million tons of CO2e, with solid briquette fuel produced by straw contributing the most with a contribution of about 98%. The amount of carbon sequestration of straw returning to field was increasing annually, with an average annual value of 271 million tons of CO2e. There was a carbon ecological surplus in straw disposal in China. The annual growth rate of net carbon emission reduction was 9.8%. The net carbon emission reduction intensity and its value were increasing, reaching 2.62 t·hm-2 and 76.19 yuan·hm-2 in 2019, respectively. A spatial pattern of 'high in the east and low in the west' was observed for the mean annual carbon emissions of straw, energy carbon emission reduction, carbon sink of straw returning to the field, and net carbon emission reduction in China, with main external characteristics of the regional differences and spatial aggregation.

Strategies for Optimization of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat-Based Genome Editing System for Enhanced Editing Specificity.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is inarguably the most valuable gene editing tool ever discovered. Currently, three classes of CRISPR-based genome editing systems have been developed for gene editing, including CRISPR/CRISPR associate system (Cas) nucleases, base editors, and prime editors. Ever-evolving CRISPR technology plays an important role in medicine; however, the biggest obstacle to its use in clinical practice is the induction of off-target effects (OTEs) during targeted editing. Therefore, continuous improvement and optimization of the CRISPR system for reduction of OTEs is a major focus in the field of CRISPR research. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guide for optimization of the CRISPR-based genome editing system.

Accounting for the cost of ecological degradation in Fuzhou City, China.

Ecological degradation accounting is a critical content of building green GDP and gross economic-ecological product (GEEP) accounting systems. With ecosystems in Fuzhou City as a research object, we built an accounting framework for the cost of ecological degradation according to the unreasonable human activity. Following the accounting framework, we calculated the ecological degradation cost in Fuzhou City of 2015 and 2018. The results showed that the ecological degradation cost in Fuzhou City of 2015 was 9.08 billion yuan, accounting for 1.6% of local GDP. For different ecosystem types, marine ecological degradation cost was the largest, about 6.311 billion yuan, accounting for 69.5% of the total loss, followed by wetland ecosystem, accounting for 28.7%, and then arable land, contributing only 1.8%. In term of functions, the cost of provisioning degradation was the largest, about 6.313 billion yuan, accounting for 69.5% of the total loss, followed by regulation loss, accounting for 27.5%, mainly from the loss of climate regulation and hydrological regulation. In the regional distribution, the ecological degradation cost was mainly concentrated in Lianjiang County, Luoyuan County, Fuqing City, and Minqing County, up to 8.092 billion yuan in total, accounting for 89.7% of total loss. Compared with 2015, the ecological degradation cost in 2018 decreased by 2.608 billion yuan, showing an obvious downward trend, with a decrease rate of 28.7%. The reductions were major in Lianjiang County (86.4%), Luoyuan County (14.8%), Fuqing City (19.9%), and Minqing County (12.6%), and mainly concentrated in marine and wetland ecosystems. Such a result indicated that people's awareness of ecological protection in Fuzhou City was increasing, and that the ecological damage due to human activity in marine and wetland system was obviously decreased. This study provided data support for promoting regional sustainable development and ecological civilization construction.

Gross economic-ecological product accounting of Fuzhou City, China.

The gross economic-ecological product (GEEP) accounting is crucial to promote the construction of ecological civilization, and practice the ideas of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets". GEEP accounting had been conducted at national and provincial scales, but not at urban scale. According to the economic and ecological development, the GEEP accounting framework was built in Fuzhou City. The GEEP value of Fuzhou City in 2015 and 2018 was calculated and the spatiotemporal variation was analyzed. The results showed that the GEEP value of Fuzhou City was 1208.568 billion yuan in 2015. Among which, the value of GDP and ecological regulation, and the cost of environmental degradation and ecological damage were 577.742, 636.420, 3.095 and 2.500 billion yuan, respectively. Minqing County had the highest GEEP, with a value of 170.022 billion yuan, which accounted for 14.1% of that in Fuzhou City. The lowered values were found in Fuqing City, Minhou County and Yongtai County, accounting for 12.2%, 12.1% and 10.4%, respectively. In 2018, the GEEP of Fuzhou City increased to 1445.399 billion yuan, with an increase rate of 19.6%, mainly due to the GDP increase (up by 47.4% from 2015). The highest proportions of GEEP were observed in Minqing County and Gulou District (12.0%), followed by Fuqing and Minhou counties (11.0%). Compared with 2015, the increase trends were observed for the total value of GEEP, unit area and per capita of GEEP values in Fuzhou City. The cost of environmental and ecological degradation in Fuzhou decreased by 7.2% and 12.4%, respectively, indicating that the overall ecological environment of Fuzhou was improving. The accounting of GEEP in Fuzhou could effectively make up for the shortage of GDP assessment at the urban scale in China. It could provide an instrument for Fuzhou government to formulate rational ecological civilization assessment system and promote regional sustainable development.

Regional ecological compensation accounting in Fuzhou City based on a payment for ecosystem services (PES)model.

The determination of regional ecological compensation quota and spatial selection are key issues in the study of horizontal transfer payment ecological compensation mechanism. Taking 12 districts of Fuzhou City as the basic research unit, we accounted the ecological function values of forest, grassland, wetland, agriculture, and marine ecosystems in 2015 and 2018. Combined with local economic development situation, we constructed an ecological compensation model. With this model, we determined the ecological compensation quota and spatial distribution of different ecosystems in various districts and counties of Fuzhou. The results showed that from 2015 to 2018, Gulou District had the largest ecological payment, with 36.384 billion yuan, followed by Mawei, Cangshan and Jin'an districts, with 7.809, 6.974 and 6.669 billion yuan, respectively. Luoyuan County and Taijiang District had lower payment, which were 2.942 and 1.903 billion yuan respectively. Among the areas requiring ecological compensation, Lianjiang County and Changle District had high compensation quotas, being 25.120 and 20.261 billion yuan, followed by Yongtai County (12.570 billion yuan). The compensation amounts in Minhou County, Fuqing City and Minqing County were less than 10 billion yuan. The distribution of ecological compensation differed across various ecosystems. In general, the main ecological compensation areas of forest, grassland, wetland and agriculture ecosystem were in Yongtai, Minqing, Minhou, Lianjiang and Luoyuan counties. The compensation amounts were 2.424-31.379 billion yuan in forest, 1.181-20.708 billion yuan in grassland, 1.015-45.493 billion yuan in wetland, and 5.780-23.954 billion yuan in cropland. The main regions that need compensation for marine ecosystem were Lianjiang County, Changle District, and Fuqing City, with the amount of compensation being 8.216-47.854 billion yuan. The results could properly reflect the coordinated development of regional ecological and economic conditions, which could provide a reference for the improvement of the ecological compensation mechanism in Fuzhou City.

Wetland ecosystem service function and its value accounting:A case study of Fuzhou City, China.

Wetland plays an important role in ecological protection and social development. Scientific and rational evaluation of the values of wetland ecosystem service is the basis of protection and sustainable utilization of wetland resources. How to scientifically and effectively assess the wetland ecosystem gross ecosystem product (GEP) and make it into the national GDP accounting system are the focus of the scientific community and government departments. In this study, the accounting framework of wetland ecosystem GEP was constructed. Based on multi-source data and from the aspects of function and value, the accounting of wetland GEP in Fuzhou City was carried out. The results showed that the GEP of wetland ecosystem in Fuzhou City was 239.23 billion yuan in 2015. Such value mainly came from the ecological regulation service value (157.869 billion yuan), which accounted for 66.0% of the total and was about 2.2 and 15.6 times of the product supply service value and cultural service value. Among the ecological regulation services of wetlands, hydrodynamic regulation service and climate regulation service were the highest. Together, they accounted for 82.9% of the ecological regulation service value. The ecological regulation value per unit area of wetland in Fuzhou City was 1347.8 thousand yuan·hm-2, which was higher than the mean level of the whole country. In the districts and counties of Fuzhou City, the value of wetland ecosystem in Minqing County was the largest, about 88.83 billion yuan, accounting for 40.1% of the total value of product supply and ecological regulation. In terms of types, coastal wetlands in Fuzhou City had the largest function of ecological regulation services, which was about 2.5 times of that of river wetlands and constructed wetlands. The accounting of GEP of wetland ecosystem in Fuzhou City is an important practice for the conviction of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", which would provide technical support for guiding local government to scientifically manage wetland ecosystem.

Accounting and drivers of carbon emission from cultivated land utilization in Northeast China.

With the continuous development of China's society and economy, the breadth and depth of cultivated land resources development and utilization have been continuously expanded, while the production efficiency and scale of cultivated land gradually have been improved. There were rapidly increases of carbon emission induced from cultivated land management, such as the agricultural inputs and energy consumptions. Taking carbon emission from cultivated land utilization in Northeast China as the research object, we determined the carbon emission accounting framework system according to the life cycle method. Based on estimation results of carbon emissions from 1979 to 2015 in Northeast China, the driver factor system affecting agricultural carbon emissions was constructed using logarithmic mean Divisia index model and the influence mechanism of cultivated land carbon emissions in Northeast China was deeply explored. The results showed that total carbon emission from cultivated land utilization in 2015 was 21.9% higher than that in 1979 and carbon emission intensity in 2015 was 1.54 t·hm-2 lower than that in 1979. Soil management and agricultural inputs were the main sources of carbon emissions from cultivated land accounting for 83.6% of the total carbon emissions. The increases of land productivity and science and technology fund allocation rate were found to be the driving factors of carbon emission from cultivated land utilization. On the contrary, the reduction of input/output ratio, cultivated land area per capita and intensity of science and technology investment decreased carbon emission from cultivated land utilization.

Efficient Editing of an Adenoviral Vector Genome with CRISPR/Cas9.

Immunotherapy based on genetic modification of T cells has played an important role in the treatment of tumors and viral infections. Moreover, adenoviral vectors engineered with improved safety due to their inability to integrate into the host genome have been key in the clinical application of T cell therapy. However, the commonly used adenoviral vector Ad5 exhibits low efficiency of infection of human T cells and the details of the intracellular trafficking pathway of adenoviral vectors in human primary T cells remains unclear. Resolution of these issues will depend on successful modification of the adenoviral vector. To this end, here we describe the successful establishment of a simple and efficient method for editing adenoviral vectors in vitro using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system to target the adenoviral fiber gene.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Progressive and Non-progressive Coronavirus Disease 2019: Evidence From 365 Hospitalised Patients in Honghu and Nanchang, China.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has swept around the globe and led to a worldwide catastrophe. Studies examining the disease progression of patients with non-severe disease on admission are scarce but of profound importance in the early identification of patients at a high risk of deterioration. Objectives: To elucidate the differences in clinical characteristics between patients with progressive and non-progressive COVID-19 and to determine the risk factors for disease progression. Study design: Clinical data of 365 patients with non-severe COVID-19 from 1 January 2020 to 18 March 2020 were retrospectively collected. Patients were stratified into progressive and non-progressive disease groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent risk factors for disease progression. Results: Compared with patients with non-progressive disease, those who progressed to severe COVID-19 were older and had significantly decreased lymphocyte and eosinophil counts; increased neutrophil and platelet counts; lower albumin levels; higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, creatinine kinase, and urea nitrogen; and longer prothrombin times. Hypertension, fever, fatigue, anorexia, bacterial coinfection, bilateral patchy shadowing, antibiotic and corticosteroid administration, and oxygen support had a significantly higher incidence among patients with progressive disease. A significantly longer duration of hospital stay was also observed in patients with progressive disease. Bilateral patchy shadowing (OR = 4.82, 95% CI: 1.33-17.50; P = 0.017) and elevated levels of creatinine (OR =6.24, 95% CI: 1.42-27.40; P = 0.015), and CRP (OR = 7.28, 95% CI: 2.56-20.74; P < 0.001) were independent predictors for disease progression. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of patients with progressive and non-progressive COVID-19 were significantly different. Bilateral patchy shadowing and increased levels of creatinine, and CRP were independent predictors of disease progression.