The Efficacy of Neuromodulation Interventions for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of a neuromodulation intervention regimen in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Patients and Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in seven English databases. Randomized controlled trials of all neuromodulation interventions (both invasive and non-invasive) for the treatment of CIPN were selected. Group comparisons of differences between interventions and controls were also made. We divided the outcomes into immediate-term effect (≤3 weeks), short-term effect (3 weeks to ≤3 months), and long-term effect (>3 months). Results: Sixteen studies and 946 patients with CIPN were included. Among immediate-term effects, neuromodulation interventions were superior to usual care for improving pain (SMD=-0.77, 95% CI -1.07~ 0.47), FACT-Ntx (MD = 5.35, 95% CI 2.84~ 7.87), and QOL (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI 0.09~ 0.79) (moderate certainty); neuromodulation loaded with usual care was superior to usual care for improving pain (SMD=-0.47, 95% CI -0.71 ~ -0.23), and QOL (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI 0.12 ~ 0.69) (moderate certainty). There were no statistically significant differences between the neuromodulation interventions regimen vs usual care in short- and long-term outcomes and neuromodulation vs sham stimulation from any outcome measure. There were mild adverse events such as pain at the site of stimulation and bruising, and no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Neuromodulation interventions had significant immediate-term efficacy in CIPN but had not been shown to be superior to sham stimulation; short-term and long-term efficacy could not be determined because there were too few original RCTs. Moreover, there are no serious adverse effects of this therapy.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate derived polymer coated Prussian blue for synergistic ROS elimination and antibacterial therapy.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in wound healing process by fighting against invaded bacteria. However, excess ROS at the wound sites lead to oxidative stress that can trigger deleterious effects, causing cell death, tissue damage and chronic inflammation. Therefore, we fabricated a core-shell structured nanomedicine with antibacterial and antioxidant properties via a facile and green strategy. Specifically, Prussian blue (PB) nanozyme was fabricated and followed by coating a layer of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-derived polymer via polyphenolic condensation reaction and self-assembly process, resulting in PB@EGCG. The introduction of PB core endowed EGCG-based polyphenol nanoparticles with excellent NIR-triggered photothermal properties. Besides, owing to multiple enzyme-mimic activity of PB and potent antioxidant capacity of EGCG-derived polymer, PB@EGCG exhibited a remarkable ROS-scavenging ability, mitigated intracellular ROS level and protected cells from oxidative damage. Under NIR irradiation (808 nm, 1.5 W/cm2), PB@EGCG (50 µg/mL) exerted synergistic EGCG-derived polymer-photothermal antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In vivo therapeutic effect was evaluated using a S. aureus-infected rat model indicated PB@EGCG with a prominent bactericidal ability could modulate the inflammatory microenvironment and accelerate wound healing. Overall, this dual-functional nanomedicine provides a promising strategy for efficient antibacterial therapy.

Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Alleviates Ferroptosis after Ischaemic Stroke.

Ischaemic stroke can induce changes in the abundance of gut microbiota constituents, and the outcome of stroke may also be influenced by the gut microbiota. This study aimed to determine whether gut microbiota transplantation could rescue changes in the gut microbiota and reduce ferroptosis after stroke in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks of age) were subjected to ischaemic stroke by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Fecal samples were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing to analyze the effects of FMT on the gut microbiota. Neurological deficits were evaluated using the Longa score. triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed in the brain, and kits were used to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), iron, and glutathione (GSH) levels in the ipsilateral brain of rats. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), and the transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) in the ipsilateral brain of rats. Stroke induced significant changes in the gut microbiota, and FMT ameliorated these changes. TTC staining results showed that FMT reduced cerebral infarct volume. In addition, FMT diminished MDA and iron levels and elevated GSH levels in the ipsilateral brain. Western blot analysis showed that FMT increased GPX4 and SLC7A11 protein expression and decreased TFR2 protein expression in the ipsilateral brain after stroke. FMT can reverse gut microbiota dysbiosis, reduce cerebellar infarct volume, and decrease ferroptosis after stroke.

PHMB modified photothermally triggered nitric oxide release nanoplatform for precise synergistic therapy of wound bacterial infections.

Bacterial infection has been considered as a significant obstacle for wound healing. Nitric oxide (NO), as a novel alternative for antibiotics, has emerged as a promising antibacterial agent. However, the precise spatiotemporal controlled release of NO still remains a major challenge. Herein, a near-infrared (NIR) light triggered NO release nanoplatform (designated as PB-NO@PDA-PHMB) with enhanced broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties was constructed. Given that PB-NO@PDA-PHMB has strong absorption in the NIR region and exhibits excellent photothermal effect, it can rapidly trigger NO release by NIR irradiation. PB-NO@PDA-PHMB can effectively contact and capture bacteria, and then exhibit synergistic effect of photothermal and gas therapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that PB-NO@PDA-PHMB exhibited excellent biocompatibility, satisfactory synergistic antibacterial efficacy and the capability of accelerating wound healing. Under NIR irradiation (808 nm, 1 W cm-2, 7 min), PB-NO@PDA-PHMB (80 µg mL-1) achieved 100% bactericidal activity against both Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria Staphyloccocus aureus (S. aureus), removed 58.94% of S. aureus biofilm. Therefore, this all-in-one antibacterial nanoplatform with high NIR responsiveness provides a promising antibiotic-free strategy for bacterial infection treatment.

Photothermal/lysozyme-catalyzed hydrolysis dual-modality therapy via halloysite nanotube-based platform for effective bacterial eradication.

Bacterial biofilm seriously impedes the healing of infected wound, remaining a major challenge in wound repair. Antibiotic-free antibacterial strategies based on nanotechnology are emerging as promising tools to combat bacterial infections. Here, halloysite nanotube (HNT), as a natural clay mineral, was employed to fabricate a multifunctional platform (designated as HNTs@CuS@PDA-Lys) through a layer-by-layer strategy for treating bacterial infections by utilizing synergistic lysozyme (Lys)-photothermal therapy (PTT). Specifically, amino-modified HNTs were first decorated with copper sulfide (CuS), followed by coated with a polydopamine (PDA) layer, then functionalized with antimicrobial enzyme Lys onto the surface of PDA via cation-π interactions. The as-prepared HNTs@CuS@PDA-Lys at a low dose (200 µg/mL) exhibited excellent synergistic Lys-photothermal bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) (100.0 ± 0.2 %) and Staphyloccocus aureus (S. aureus) (99.9 ± 0.1 %), eliminated 75.9 ± 2.0 % of S. aureus biofilm under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation (808 nm, 1.5 W/cm2). In vivo experiments using a S. aureus-infected rat model showed HNTs@CuS@PDA-Lys could rapidly kill bacteria and accelerate wound healing process. Overall, this multifunctional nanoplatform combines the advantages of PTT and Lys, providing a cost-efficient, environmental friendly strategy for bacterial and biofilm eradication, demonstrating the potential applications in the field of biomedicine.

Pine Dendritic Bi/BiOBr Photocatalyst for Efficient Degradation of Antibiotics.

Constructing Bi/BiOX (X = Cl, Br) heterostructures with unique electron transfer channels enables charge carriers to transfer unidirectionally at the metal/semiconductor junction and inhibits the backflow of photogenerated carriers. Herein, novel pine dendritic Bi/BiOX (X = Cl, Br) nanoassemblies with multiple electron transfer channels have been successfully synthesized with the assistance of l-cysteine (l-Cys) through a one-step solvothermal method. Such a pine dendritic Bi/BiOBr photocatalyst shows excellent activity toward the degradation of many antibiotics such as tetracycline (TC), norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. In particular, its photocatalytic degradation activity of TC is higher than those of reference spherical Bi/BiOBr, lamellar BiOBr, and BiOBr/Bi/BiOBr double-sided nanosheet arrays. Comprehensive characterizations demonstrate that the pine dendritic structure can construct multiple electron transfer channels from BiOBr to metallic Bi, resulting in an obviously promoted separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. The synthesis method that uses l-Cys to control the morphology provides a guidance to prepare special metal/semiconductor photocatalysts and would be helpful to design a highly efficient photocatalytic process.

Exploring the role of green animation advertising influencing green brand love and green customer citizenship behavior.

This study applied the theory of stimulus-organism-response to test the role of green animation advertising influencing green brand love and green customer citizenship behavior. We used questionnaire survey and the target are those who having the experience of seeing the Apple's animation advertisement "Earth Day" in China. Finally there were 516 effective samples gathered for analysis. The result indicated that reliability, attractiveness and informativity are the antecedents of green brand love. Green brand love is positively related to green customer citizenship behavior. In addition, the result confirmed the significant mediating effect of green brand love between reliability, attractiveness, informativity and green customer citizenship behavior. This research was conducted only in Apple's animation case. Hence, the results may not be generalizable to other contexts. Future research can apply the experimental methods and manipulate different forms of green advertising animation to generalize the findings in this area.

Frontiers in chiral phosphorescent complexes for circularly polarized electroluminescence.

Materials with circularly polarized luminescence properties have attracted wide attention in recent years. One of the most important applications of these materials is for circularly polarized organic light emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs), which have potential application in 3D displays. Chiral conjugated polymers, small organic molecules and metal complexes have already been employed as emitters for CP-OLEDs. Benefiting from the ability to harvest both singlet and triplet excitons, chiral phosphorescent metal complexes always show outstanding device performance. In this article we briefly discuss the recent progress, current challenges and out look of chiral phosphorescent metal complexes.

Circularly Polarized White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Spiro-Type Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials.

In this study, we report the first circularly polarized white organic light-emitting diodes (CP-WOLEDs) based on all thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials. Two pairs of spiro-type TADF enantiomers, (R/S)-SPOCN (5,5'-((2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1,1'-spirobi[indene]-7,7'-diyl)bis(oxy))bis(4-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)phthalonitrile)) and (R/S)-OSFSO (2'-(trifluoromethyl)-spiro[quinolino[3,2,1-kl]phenoxazine-9,9'-thioxanthene]-10',10'-dioxide), serve as emitters with complementary emission. The CP-OLEDs exhibit warm white emission with a CIE coordinate of (0.35, 0.46). Besides, decent device performances are observed with an external quantum efficiency of up to 21.6 % at maximum and 11.8 % at 1000 cd m-2 . Obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence signals are detected with a dissymmetry factor |gEL | of around 3.0×10-3 . This is the first report of CP-WOLEDs that can harvest both singlet and triplet excitons, which provides a feasible strategy for the development of CP-WOLEDs with remarkable device performances.

Chiral Spiro-Axis Induced Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material for Efficient Circularly Polarized OLEDs with Low Efficiency Roll-Off.

A spiro-axis skeleton not only introduces circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) into thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules but also enhances the intramolecular through space charge transfer (TSCT) process. Spiral distributed phenoxazine and 2-(trifluoromethyl)-9H-thioxanthen-9-one-10,10-dioxide act as donor and acceptor units, respectively. The resulting TADF enantiomers, (rac)-OSFSO, display emission maxima at 470 nm, small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST ) of 0.022 eV and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 81.2 % in co-doped film. The circularly polarized OLEDs (CP-OLEDs) based on (R)-OSFSO and (S)-OSFSO display obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) signals with dissymmetry factor up to 3.0×10-3 and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 20.0 %. Moreover, the devices show remarkably low efficiency roll-off with an EQE of 19.3 % at 1000 cd m-2 (roll-off ca. 3.5 %), which are among the top results of CP-OLEDs.

Catalytic Decarboxylative C-N Formation to Generate Alkyl, Alkenyl, and Aryl Amines.

Transition-metal-catalyzed sp2 C-N bond formation is a reliable method for the synthesis of aryl amines. Catalytic sp3 C-N formation reactions have been reported occasionally, and methods that can realize both sp2 and sp3 C-N formation are relatively unexplored. Herein, we address this challenge with a method of catalytic decarboxylative C-N formation that proceeds through a cascade carboxylic acid activation, acyl azide formation, Curtius rearrangement and nucleophilic addition reaction. The reaction uses naturally abundant organic carboxylic acids as carbon sources, readily prepared azidoformates as the nitrogen sources, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and Cu(OAc)2 as catalysts with as low as 0.1 mol % loading, providing protected alkyl, alkenyl and aryl amines in high yields with gaseous N2 and CO2 as the only byproducts. Examples are demonstrated of the late-stage functionalization of natural products and drug molecules, stereospecific synthesis of useful α-chiral alkyl amines, and rapid construction of different ureas and primary amines.

Synergistic combination of visible-light photo-catalytic electron and energy transfer facilitating multicomponent synthesis of ß-functionalized α,α-diarylethylamines.

A synthetic strategy with the visible-light photo-catalytic synergistic combination of electron and energy transfer processes has been developed. The mild reaction conditions allow the radical-radical cross-coupling phenomenon for the multicomponent synthesis of ß-arylsulfonyl(diarylphosphinoyl)-α,α-diarylethyl-amines from readily available arylsulfinic acids (diarylphosphine oxides), 1,1-diarylethylenes and arylazides.

Effective removal of heavy metals by nanosized hydrous zirconia composite hydrogel and adsorption behavior study.

A novel type of adsorbent, hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO) based on polymer hydrogel (HZO-P(TAA/HEA) hydrogel), was synthesized by irradiation polymerization and in situ precipitation methods to remove heavy metals from water efficiently. The composite hydrogel was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), swelling kinetics, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that HZO nanoparticles were stably loaded on the P(TAA/HEA) hydrogel, swelling properties, and thermal stability were also enhanced after the loading of HZO. Besides, the batch adsorption experiments revealed that adsorption time, pH, initial concentration of heavy metals, and coexisting ions influenced the adsorption process significantly. The adsorption capacities of HZO-P(TAA/HEA) hydrogel for Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ was 0.620 mmol g-1, 0.615 mmol g-1, 0.701 mmol g-1, and 0.700 mmol g-1, respectively. The adsorption isotherms fitted Langmuir equation well, and the adsorption kinetics followed second-order kinetics; it was manifested that the priority of competitive adsorption followed the order: Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Cd2+. Furthermore, based on the analysis results of FTIR and XPS, the adsorption mechanism could mainly be the complexation between hydrous zirconia and heavy metals. The results indicate that nanocomposite HZO-P(TAA/HEA) hydrogel is a promising heavy metal adsorbent.

Visible-Light-Induced Intramolecular C(sp2)-H Amination and Aziridination of Azidoformates via a Triplet Nitrene Pathway.

Catalytic intramolecular C-H amination and aziridination reactions of o-allylphenyl azidoformates have been achieved under visible-light irradiation, providing a mild, clean, and efficient method for the synthesis of useful benzoxazolones and [5.1.0] bicyclic aziridines. Mechanistic studies suggest that a triplet nitrene acts as the reactive intermediate. The chemoselectivity of the reaction, with alkyl olefin aziridination ≫ electron deficient olefin aziridination ≈ C(sp2)-H amination ≫ C(sp3)-H amination was observed, which may be instructive in the development of an understanding of visible-light-induced triplet nitrene transformation reactions.

[Effect of Elodea nuttallii-Immobilized Nitrogen Cycling Bacteria on the Mechanism of Nitrogen Removal in Polluted River Water].

Surface water, Elodea nuttallii and undisturbed sediment cores from the Qinshui River in Gonghu Bay were collected to carry out a simulation experiment in a laboratory to study the effect of Elodea nuttallii-immobilized nitrogen-cycling bacteria on nitrogen removal mechanisms from the river water. In this study, the transformation and fate of ammonium among four different treatment groups were investigated by using a stable 15 N isotope pairing technique combined with high-throughput sequencing technology[Treatment A:bare sediment, Treatment B:sediment+immobilized nitrogen cycling bacteria (INCB), Treatment C:sediment+E. nuttallii, Treatment D:sediment+INCB+E. nuttallii]. The results of the 15 N mass-balance model showed that there were three pathways to the ultimate fate of nitrogen:precipitated with the sediments, absorbed by E. nuttallii, and consumed by microbial processes[denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX)]. The percentages of E. nuttallii assimilated in the 15 NH4+ were 25.44% and 19.79% for treatments C and D. The sediment storage ratio of 15 NH4+ accounted for 7.94%, 5.52%, 6.47% and 4.86% in treatments A, B, C, and D, respectively. The proportion of 15 NH4+ lost as 15 N-labelled gas were 16.06%, 28.86%, 16.93% and 33.09% in the four different treatment groups, respectively. Denitrification and anammox were the bacterial primary processes in N2 and N2O production. The abundance and diversity of microorganisms was relatively higher in the treatment with E. nuttallii-immobilized nitrogen cycling bacteria (E-INCB) assemblage technology applied. Furthermore, the removal rates of 15 NH4+ were 24%, 34.38%, 48.84% and 57.74% in treatments A, B, C and D, respectively. These results show that the E-INCB assemblage technology may improve the capacity for nitrogen removal from the river water.

Heavy metals removal using hydrogel-supported nanosized hydrous ferric oxide: Synthesis, characterization, and mechanism.

A new polymer-supported hybrid adsorbent (HFO-P(TAA/HEA)) for highly efficient removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ from wastewater was developed by supporting hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) nanoparticles onto a porous poly(trans-Aconitic acid/2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) hydrogel (P(TAA/HEA)) with in situ precipitation method. Swelling kinetics, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for characterization of the prepared HFO-P(TAA/HEA). The characterization data demonstrated that the hybrid hydrogel HFO-P(TAA/HEA) was successfully fabricated, and swelling ability as well as thermal stability was promoted after loading. The results of batch equilibrium experiments indicated that pH and temperature significantly influenced the adsorption process and adsorption of heavy metals was better fitted to Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models. Selectivity of HFO-P(TAA/HEA) towards heavy metals was greatly improved under the calcium ions competition at higher concentration compared to P(TAA/HEA). Competitive adsorption evidenced the priority order in multifold metal species system was Pb2+>Cu2+>Ni2+>Cd2+. What's more, FTIR and XPS analyses manifested that heavy metals might mainly be adsorbed via inner sphere complexation. These findings revealed that hydrogel HFO-P(TAA/HEA) is a potential adsorption material to remove the heavy metals from polluted water.

[Preparation of Nanocomposite Hydrogel and Its Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions].

An acylamino and hydroxyl functionalized hydrogel [p(HMAm/HEA)] was newly prepared by the 60 Co-γ-induced polymerization of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide (HMAm) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). Then the copolymer p(HMAm/HEA) hydrogel was utilized for in situ nanosized hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) loading to prepare nanocomposite hydrogel HMO-p(HMAm/HEA) for Pb2+ and Cu2+ removal. The nanocomposite hydrogel was characterized by SEM, TEM and FTIR, showing that p(HMAm/HEA) hydrogel was indeed a copolymer of HMAm and HEA monomers, and the loading of HMO nanoparticles onto p(HMAm/HEA) was successful. Various influencing parameters on heavy metal ions removal by HMO-p(HMAm/HEA), such as initial pH, temperature, initial heavy metal concentration, contact time and competing Ca2+ and Na+, were estimated. The results showed that the adsorption process was temperature-independent, pH-sensitive, Langmuir monolayer adsorption and followed a pseudo-second-order rate equation. The presence of high concentrations of competing Ca2+ and Na+ had no significant effect on the adsorption process. The XPS spectra analyses further indicated that Pb2+ and Cu2+ were adsorbed via the ion exchange of -OH groups. Moreover, HMO-p(HMAm/HEA) could be regenerated by 0.05 mol·L-1 of HCl, and obtained excellent repeated use.