The caregiver contribution to self-care of stroke inventory (CC-SCSI): evaluation of psychometric characteristics.

BACKGROUND: The caregiver contribution to self-care plays an important role in improving the health outcomes of chronic patients, which needs urgent attention. However, it has been hindered by the lack of a tailored instrument that assesses the caregiver contribution to self-care of stroke. OBJECTIVES: To test the psychometric characteristics of the caregiver contribution to self-care of stroke Inventory (CC-SCSI) in health care practice. METHODS: Participants were recruited in Henan Province from March 2021 to October 2022, utilizing a multicenter stratified sampling approach. A 23-item self-report CC-SCSI with 3 separate scales measuring caregiver contribution to self-care maintenance of stroke, caregiver contribution to self-care monitoring of stroke and caregiver contribution to self-care management of stroke was tested for validity through discriminant validity, confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity and convergent validity. The reliability was tested by Cronbach's α coefficient and test-retest reliability. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. A STROBE checklist was used. RESULTS: The three scales of the CC-SCSI exhibited good discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor structure of the Caregiver Contribution to Stroke Self-Care Maintenance and Management scales and the one-factor structure of the Caregiver Contribution to Stroke Self-Care Monitoring scale. The moderate correlation between the CC-SCSI and the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory indicated acceptable concurrent validity. The moderate correlation between the CC-SCSI and the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory indicated acceptable convergent validity. Cronbach's αs for the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care Maintenance, Self-Care Monitoring, and Self-Care Management scales ranged from 0.876 to 0.974. Test-retest reliability showed average ICC values ranging from 0.828 to 0.903 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The 23-item CC-SCSI presents good psychometric properties and could be used to explore the caregiver contribution to stroke self-care in health care practice and research.

Relationship between benefit finding and volunteer motivation among nursing students: The mediating role of perceived social support.

BACKGROUND: Volunteer motivation is essential to advancing community service, education, and career development of nursing students. However, few studies have been conducted on nursing students' volunteer motivation. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between social support benefit finding and volunteer motivation among nursing students and the role of social support in these relationships. METHOD: This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. A total of 2166 nursing students were recruited from eighteen medical schools in Henan Province, China. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Social Support Scale, the Benefit Finding Scale, and the Volunteer Motivation Scale online between March and May 2022. Correlation and mediation analyses were used to explore the mediating role of social support in the relationships among social support, benefit finding, and volunteer motivation. RESULTS: A total of 2166 valid questionnaires were collected in this study. Benefit finding positively affected volunteer motivation (ß = 0.422, p < 0.01), and perceived social support positively affected volunteer motivation (ß = 0.407, p < 0.01). Perceived social support played a mediating role between benefit finding and volunteer motivation (ß = 0.112, 95 % confidence interval 0.076, 0.148). CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence on the mechanisms of action between benefit finding and volunteer motivation among nursing students. Professionals in schools and voluntary organizations should prioritize guiding nursing students to explore the motivations behind volunteering while also fostering a supportive environment for student volunteers in nursing.

Mediation role of perceived social support between recurrence risk perception and health behaviour among patients with stroke in China: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether patients who had a stroke with high recurrence risk perception would have healthier behaviour and to explore whether perceived social support would function as a mediator. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was conducted in a public tertiary hospital in China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 254 patients with stroke were invited to participate, and 250 patients with stroke completed questionnaires validly. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaires were administered offline to collect data, consisting of four parts: general demographics and scales related to recurrence risk perception, perceived social support, and health behaviour. A path analysis and correlation analysis were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Out of 250 patients with stroke, 78.4% had moderately low health behaviour. The majority (70.8%) of these patients were elderly. High recurrence risk perception and high perceived social support were significantly associated with better health behaviour (all p<0.001). Perceived social support mediated the relationship between recurrence risk perception and health behaviour after controlling for age, gender, education and monthly income in the regression model (95% CI 0.263 to 0.460) and the effect value was 0.360. It was also confirmed that perceived social support had the highest mediation effect with a proportion of mediation up to 59.31%. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence risk perception and perceived social support were influential factors in promoting health behaviour. Moreover, the impact of recurrence risk perception on health behaviour was partially mediated by perceived social support. Therefore, to enhance the sustainability of health behaviour, it is crucial to inform patients with stroke about the risk of recurrence. Patients with more perception of recurrence risk can improve their recovery confidence and thus perceive more social support.

Integrated omics analysis reveals the alteration of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in Cervus elaphus kansuensis.

The gut microbiota is the largest and most complex microecosystem in animals. It is influenced by the host's dietary habits and living environment, and its composition and diversity play irreplaceable roles in animal nutrient metabolism, immunity, and adaptation to the environment. Although the gut microbiota of red deer has been studied, the composition and function of the gut microbiota in Gansu red deer (Cervus elaphus kansuensis), an endemic subspecies of red deer in China, has not been reported. In this study, the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome and fecal metabolomics of C. elaphus kansuensis were identified and compared for the first time by using 16S rDNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and LC-MS/MS. There were significant differences in gut microbiota structure and diversity between wild and farmed C. elaphus kansuensis. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the genus UCRD-005 was dominant in both captive red deer (CRD) and wild red deer (WRD). Metagenomic sequencing showed similar results to those of 16S rDNA sequencing for gut microbiota in CRD and WRD at the phylum and genus levels. 16S rDNA and metagenomics sequencing data suggested that Bacteroides and Bacillus might serve as marker genera for CRD and WRD, respectively. Fecal metabolomics results showed that 520 metabolites with significant differences were detected between CRD and WRD and most differential metabolites were involved in lipid metabolism. The results suggested that large differences in gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolites between CRD and WRD, indicating that different dietary habits and living environments over time have led to the development of stable gut microbiome characteristics for CRD and WRD to meet their respective survival and reproduction needs. KEY POINTS: • Environment and food affected the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in red deer • Genera Bacteroides and Bacillus may play important roles in CRD and WRD, respectively • Flavonoids and ascorbic acid in fecal metabolites may influence health of red deer.

Subtypes of nursing students' volunteer motivation in COVID-19: a latent profile analysis.

BACKGROUND: One factor that influences nursing students' decision to engage in volunteer activities is volunteer motivation. It is important to understand the motivations of nursing students to volunteer. However, the majority of current studies have concentrated on the present level of nursing students' motivation to volunteer. OBJECTIVES: To identify subgroups of nursing students' volunteer motivation and its influential factors. METHODS: From January to February 2022, a cross-sectional online study was conducted, and 2569 nursing students from 10 provinces in China were recruited. Participants completed the General Information Questionnaire, Volunteer Functional Inventory (VFI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). We explore the categories and characteristics of volunteer motivation using latent profile analysis. Then, we determined factors that affect undergraduate nursing students' volunteer motivation using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: The volunteer motivation score of the nursing students was 77.65 (15.22). The study found that volunteer motivation could be divided into three categories: low-low protective volunteer motivation group (9.3%), general-high career values volunteer motivation group (37.5%), and high volunteer motivation group (53.2%). Perceived social support scale score, perceived stress scale score, gender, and grade significantly influenced the volunteer motivation of nursing students in different categories (both P < 0.05). Women were more likely to have higher motivation to volunteer than men, and fourth-year nursing students were more likely to be in general-high career values volunteer motivation group. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the significant heterogeneity in volunteer motivation among nursing students. Higher volunteer motivation was associated with higher perceived social support and lower perceived stress. In addition, gender and academic year were significant influencing factors. Nursing educators should develop targeted volunteer management plans based on the typological characteristics of the population to motivate nursing students to volunteer and promote the development of individual physical and mental health and social well-being. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The survey was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Department of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University (No. 2022-0006).

The Effect of Local Steroid Administration on Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Systematic Review andMeta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, benign inflammatory breast disease. Corticosteroids and surgery are the primary treatment options, and a growing number of publications have shown the effectiveness of local steroid administration (intralesional injection and topical corticosteroids). However, less is known about the specific details and effects of this treatment approach. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to summarize the details and evaluate the efficacy of local steroid administration for IGM. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SinoMed databases were systematically searched from inception to July 2023 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. The quality of the included studies was assessed, and meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to obtain the pooled effect sizes of the outcomes of interest. RESULTS: Eight trials comprising 613 patients were included. Local steroid administration included intralesional injection and topical steroid ointment, and control groups were mainly given systemic therapy (oral steroid) and surgical treatment. The meta-analysis showed that local steroid administration had a significant effect on the response rate (risk ratio [RR] = 1.35, 95% CI = [1.14-1.59], P = 0.0004). The incidence of side effects was also lower than that of systemic treatment (RR = 0.24, 95% CI = [0.13-0.43], P＜0.0001). There was no difference in the recurrence rate (RR = 0.8, 95% CI = [1.42-1.51], P = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS: Local steroid administration can increase the RR and decrease the incidence of side effects for IGM patients. There is no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the local steroid administration group and the control group. Further studies are needed to identify the effect in different stages and among pregnant women.

Depressive Symptoms in Young and Middle-Aged Stroke Patients: A Transition Analysis.

BACKGROUND: There is heterogeneity in depressive symptoms. However, latent classes of depressive symptoms and the transition and influences of these in young and middle-aged stroke patients are unclear. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the latent classes of depressive symptoms and their transition patterns over time and the influencing factors in young and middle-aged stroke patients from stabilization to 6 months after discharge. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. A total of 272 young and middle-aged stroke participants were recruited from a hospital neurology ward in Henan Province, China. Participants completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic and health information. Latent transition analysis was used to evaluate the transition pattern of latent classes from stabilization to 6 months after discharge and its influencing factors. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-nine participants were included in the analysis. Three latent classes of depressive symptoms were identified as "mild symptoms," "grief-sleep-fatigue symptoms," and "severe symptoms." Most participants remained in the original latent class from stabilization to 6 months after discharge (probability of 83.8%, 83.8%, and 88.8%). From 3 to 6 months after discharge, the participants with fewer complications were more likely to transition into the mild symptom class. DISCUSSION: The findings indicate that from stabilization to 6 months after discharge, depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged stroke patients in China transitioned gradually from the severe symptom class to the mild symptom. Patients with fewer numbers of poststroke complications were more likely to transition to the mild symptoms class. Future research should focus on depressive symptoms in early-stage stroke patients and provide sufficient psychological support to patients with a high number of complications.

Development and psychometric testing of the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory.

PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory (SCSI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, instrument development and the psychometric testing study was conducted. A 23-item self-report Self-Care of Stroke Inventory with 3 separate scales was developed. This study involved three stages: (a) Initial items generation; (b) Content and face validation; (c) Psychometric properties evaluation. The SCSI was validated by content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. RESULTS: From the initial 80-item pool, 24 items of 3 scales in the SCSI were retained by the expert consultation and item analysis. The scale's content validity was 0.976, 0.966, and 0.973. The EFA showed the total variance explained by the 3 scales of the SCSI were 73.417%, 74.281%, and 80.207%, respectively. The models of the 3 scales identified by EFA were all confirmed by the CFA. The SCSI scale shows evidence of good convergent validity. Cronbach's αs were 0.830, 0.930, and 0.831. Test-retest reliability of the SCSI was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.945, 0.907, and 0.837. CONCLUSIONS: The final 23-item SCSI presents good psychometric properties and can be used to explore the self-care of stroke in community settings.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThis study developed and validated the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory (SCSI).The SCSI contains the following 3 scales: the Self-care Maintenance of Stroke scale, the Self-care Monitoring of Stroke scale, and the Self-care Management of Stroke scaleThe 23-item SCSI demonstrated strong psychometric properties.The SCSI may be used to develop future programmes to promote self-care for stroke survivors and improve their rehabilitation outcomes.

Trajectories of intrusive and deliberate rumination in young and middle-aged stroke survivors: A growth mixture modeling approach.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between intrusive and deliberate rumination, to identify distinct trajectories of intrusive and deliberate rumination, and to examine their predictors in young and middle-aged stroke survivors. This study employed a longitudinal design in which 200 young and middle-aged stroke survivors were investigated at 1-week pre-discharge (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) post-discharge. The Event-Related Rumination Inventory, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Perceived Social Support Scale were used for data collection. The results showed that intrusive rumination was positively correlated with deliberate rumination at T0 and T1, and negatively correlated with deliberate rumination at T3. Growth mixture modeling identified three classes of intrusive rumination: Stable-low, Declined, and Elevated group, and two classes of deliberate rumination: High-level and Low-level group. Furthermore, number of children or dysfunctions, type of stroke, family history of stroke, negative coping, and social support were found to predict intrusive rumination. These findings can help healthcare providers timely intervene on survivors in the Elevated and Stable-low intrusive rumination groups, and the Low-level deliberate rumination group.

A scoping review of the self-reported compassion measurement tools.

BACKGROUND: Compassion is closely linked to psychological well-being, and several assessment tools have been developed and studied to assess the level of compassion in different populations and for more precise measurement. There is currently a scarcity of comprehensive knowledge about compassion-related assessment tools, and our research provides an overview of these tools. AIMS: To identify scales used to measure compassion from different flows, and to assess their measurement properties and quality. METHODS: Focusing on compassion assessment tools, the authors conducted a thorough search of 10 Chinese and English databases from their establishment until August 14, 2022. Data extracted included the author, year, country, objectives, target population, as well as the primary evaluation content. Using the COSMIN checklist, the methodological quality and measurement properties of the included studies were appraised. This scoping review was registered with the Open Science Framework and followed the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. RESULTS: There were 15,965 papers searched, and 36 compassion-related measurement tools were identified in this study. None of the 36 studies provided possessed all nine psychometric properties, as outlined by the COSMIN criteria. On the basis of a systematic evaluation of quality, measurement qualities were ranked. The results for internal consistency and content validity were relatively favorable, whereas the results for structural validity were variable and the results for the remaining attributes were either uncertain or negative. A Venn diagram was used to illustrate the overlapping groups of compassion measurement tools based on the three-way flow of compassion. An overview of the reference instrument and theoretical basis for the included studies was provided, and half of them did not contain any theoretical or scale-based evidence. CONCLUSION: In this study, 36 compassion-related measuring instruments were identified, and the methodological quality and measurement properties of the included studies were acceptable. The included measurements were consistent with flows of compassion. A further focus of further research should be on developing theories in the compassion domain and developing instruments for measuring compassion that are multidimensional, multi-populations, and culturally relevant.

Associations of physical activity types and intensity with cardiovascular diseases by age and gender among 18,730 Chinese adults.

The associations of physical activity (PA) intensity and types with CVD (cardiovascular diseases) in different population are inconsistent and remains not very clear. A total of 7854 males and 10,876 females over 15 years were selected by multistage random sampling methods. In males, moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) had no effect, while vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) played a significant protective role (OR = 1.319 and 0.615). However, in females, both MPA and VPA had significant protective effects (OR = 0.593 and 0.537). VPA presented as a significant protective factor in stroke patients and combined CVDs for males in all age groups; however, in females, the results suggested that, for those aged over 60-74 years, MPA was a protective factor. Furthermore, for the middle-aged or younger participants, the area under the curves (AUCs) of work, housework, and leisure activity were generally higher than that of other types, while for patients aged over 60 years, the AUCs of sedentary time and sleep activity seemed much higher. VPA had a better protective effect for preventing cardiovascular events, while the young and female population could benefit from MPA as well. Regardless of the types of PA, leisure activities were strongly recommended, and young people were much more likely to benefit from exercise than older people.

Professional calling among nursing students: a latent profile analysis.

BACKGROUND: One factor that influences nursing students' decision to pursue a nursing career is professional calling. It is important to comprehend nursing students' professional calling, which may have an impact on their career choice and career development. OBJECTIVES: To investigate possible calling types and contributing variables among nursing students. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 10,583 nursing students were enrolled in this survey. METHODS: From November 16th, 2022, to January 17th, 2023, a cross-sectional study was carried out among nursing students using a convenient sampling. The subjects were given the Chinese Calling Scale and the General Demographic Information Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to separate nursing students' professional calling into a variety of subgroups. To find the variables connected to the prospective calling categories, we used ordinal and multinomial Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Respondents were divided into three calling groups, low (N = 3204), moderate (N = 4492), and high calling group (N = 2887), which accounted for 30.3%, 42.4%, and 27.3% of the total respondents, respectively, in accordance with the findings of the latent profile analysis. Across scale scores and dimensions for the three separate categories, three groups demonstrated statistically significant differences (both p < 0.001). Profile membership was predicted by 8 factors such as age, gender, location of origin, first volunteer experience, highest degree earned, marital status, student leadership experience, and political appearance. CONCLUSION: Three latent calling patterns were found, and there was calling variability across nursing students. Special care should be given to students with low calling. Nursing students must use professional education tools to help them develop their career calling and stabilize the nursing team.

Effectiveness of a smartphone-enabled dyadic self-care programme (SDSCP) for stroke survivors and caregivers: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: The promotion of self-care has begun to serve as a central response strategy to the rising burden of stroke. In fact, stroke self-care can be recognised to be a dyad phenomenon having an effect on the health of stroke survivors and their caregivers. While studies have confirmed the effectiveness of smartphone-based interventions in improving self-care among stroke survivors, there remains a lack of evidence specifically regarding dyadic self-care interventions for both patients and caregivers. AIM: The present single-blinded, two-arm, randomised controlled trial aims to verify the effectiveness of a smartphone-enabled dyadic self-care programme (SDSCP) for stroke survivors and their caregivers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The estimated sample size is 152 stroke survivor-caregiver dyads. The participants will be randomly classified (1:1) into either a control (N=76) or an experimental group (N=76) through block randomisation. The participants classified into the experimental group will be provided with SDSCP, and during the initial home visit, the research team members will provide instructions to all patients and caregivers on how to download and use the smartphone application. While the participants in the control group will be given the existing stroke standard care. The main outcome measures of stroke survivors will consist of the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory and a short version of the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale. The outcome measures of stroke caregivers will primarily cover the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Stroke Inventory and Zarit burden interview. The data of this study will be collected at three time points, including baseline, 1 month and 6 months from the baseline. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhengzhou University (ZZUIRB 2021-115) in January 2021. The results achieved in this study will facilitate the clinical practice to improve self-care of stroke survivors and promote dyadic health outcomes for stroke patients and caregivers. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and the registration number is ChiCTR2100053591.

Perspectives of cardiac rehabilitation in patients who had a stroke: a protocol for a qualitative study review.

INTRODUCTION: Stroke has a high incidence and disability rate, and its recurrence and readmission rates are rising, making it the second-leading cause of mortality in the globe. Cardiac rehabilitation is a well-known, evidence-based strategy that might serve as an additional preventative programme. Prior quantitative research has proven the positive results and high practicability of cardiac rehabilitation for patients who had a stroke, however, cardiac rehabilitation is not yet a routine component of stroke rehabilitation worldwide. It might be useful to conduct meta-integration of previous qualitative studies to understand if existing cardiac rehabilitation programme meets the needs of patients who had a stroke. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to combine systematically the perspectives on benefits, barriers and facilitating factors of cardiac rehabilitation in patients who had a stroke. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: There will be a search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases. In addition, grey literature from Google Scholar, OpenGrey, PyARXiv, bioRxiv and medRxiv will also be searched. Included studies will be qualitative studies or findings from mixed-method research involving patients who engage in CR after a stroke. Regardless of the publishing date and context, English-language articles will be reviewed. Two impartial reviewers will screen studies and extract data from the included studies. According to the Joanna Briggs Institute Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Evaluation Criteria for qualitative research, the methodology of the included literature will be examined. For data synthesis, the pooling meta-integration approach and Noblit and Hare's seven steps of meta-ethnography will be used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Because there will be no collection of primary data, this systematic review is exempt from the need that gets ethical approval. The findings of the review will be made public by publishing them in scholarly journals and presenting them at scientific conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023387534.

An Age-Stratified Cross-Sectional Study of Physical Activity and Exercise Adherence of Stroke Survivors in Rural Regions.

Objective: To describe the Physical Activity and Exercise (PAE) adherence of stroke survivors in rural regions, additionally, to analyze the influential factors through age stratification. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Totally, 596 stroke patients (65.70±10.76 years) from three rural regions were selected, PAE scale was used for measuring compliance. The influential factors among different age groups were explored separately. This study adheres to the EQUATOR checklist, SROBE. Results: Only 17.8% (106) of participants regularly participated in PAE. Altogether, 42.45% were classified as a young-middle age group, and the rest 57.55% were in the old age group. Positive attitudes and better PAE-relevant knowledge were protective factors for adherence in the young and middle-aged group (OR=0.683; 95% CI 0.173~0.588 and OR=0.939; 95% CI 0.013~0.114), as well as in the old group (OR=0.704; 95% CI 0.193~0.534 and OR=0.929; 95% CI 0.035~0.118); having no home rehabilitation equipment was a strong risk factor for younger patients (OR=16.078; 95% CI 1.235~4.320); however, without hemiplegia can positively affect their adherence (OR=0.891; 95% CI 0.045~0.229). In addition, the presence of a spouse can lead to a better compliance among old patients (OR=0.436; 95% CI -0.496~-0.165). Conclusion: It is necessary to improve the knowledge of physical activity in rural stroke patients of all ages. It is of great significance to install home rehabilitation equipment to promote exercise for young and middle-aged stroke patients. While for the old stroke patients, we strongly suggest focusing on the role of spouses, which would be more useful in low-income regions.

Meaning in life among nursing students: a latent profile analysis.

BACKGROUND: Meaning in life, defined by an individual's understanding and appreciation of life, is a vital aspect of a positive psychological state, that has a significant influence on physical and mental health. Therefore, improving the sense of meaning in life among nursing students has emerged as a crucial concern in nursing education. This study aimed to clarify the profiles and influencing factors of meaning in life among nursing students. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was conducted among nursing students in China from November 16, 2022, to January 17, 2023. The demographic information questionnaire and the meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ) were used to collect data. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify groups exhibiting distinct levels of meaning in life. Additionally, univariate analysis and multinominal logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the factors influencing each group. The reporting of this study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. RESULTS: A total of 10,583 valid responses were received, and the analysis revealed four distinct profiles. The profiles identified were the medium meaning group (C1, 41.4%), medium fluctuation meaning-no motivation group (C2, 8.7%), lower meaning group (C3, 9.7%), and higher meaning group (C4, 40.2%). The univariate analysis revealed that age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, educational level, grade, university classification, student leadership experience, and political affiliation were factors that influenced the four latent profiles (P < 0.05). The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, ethnicity, education level, and student leadership experience were significant predictors of the various profiles (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is heterogeneous in meaning in life among nursing students in China. Nursing educators need to provide tailored guidance based on the latent classification characteristics of meaning in life among nursing students, aiming at improving their meaning in life and promoting the development of the nursing workforce.

Perceived Cardiovascular Disease Risk Following Preeclampsia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Preeclampsia has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the preeclamptic women were unaware of this link. Therefore, this study aims to assess women's knowledge and perception of future CVD after preeclampsia. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. Two hundred and forty-six women with a preeclampsia history were recruited from the Al Salam MCH Center and Suez Canal University Hospital. Data were collected during March 2022 using a socio-demographic questionnaire, an Adapted Coronary Heart disease knowledge tool for preeclamptic women, and The Perception of Risk of Heart Disease Scale (PRHDS). Most women (96%) were unaware of the relationship between CVD and preeclampsia. The women had a low CVD knowledge level (10.26 ± 6.08) as well as a low perception of cardiovascular disease risk (37.15 ± 7.22). There was a significant positive correlation between CVD knowledge and CVD risk perception (r = 0.434, p = 0.000). This study found that preeclampsia survivors underestimated their CVD risk. Based on these findings, preeclamptic women should receive health education sessions on CVD risk and prevention from their nurses and obstetricians. The hospital pre-discharge plan must contain these sessions in written and electronic formats to help women remember and follow CVD risk reduction measures.

The dyadic self-care experience of stroke survivors and their caregivers: A qualitative descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Promoting self-care is the core response strategy of the global health system to the burden of stroke. Although self-care in stroke represents a dyadic phenomenon, the dyadic self-care experience of stroke survivors and their caregivers is often overlooked in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the dyadic self-care experience of stroke survivors and their caregivers. DESIGN: A descriptive qualitative design was used to conduct the study. RESULTS: The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research was used for study reporting. A total of 21 stroke survivor-caregiver dyads were recruited for this study between May 2022 and September 2022. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. In this study, four themes were identified: (1) poor relationship quality of the dyads, (2) dyadic incongruence in managing stroke, (3) a slow and tiring dyadic self-care process and (4) happy cooperation in coping with dyadic self-care. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals should give greater consideration to the contradictions and disparities that may arise between stroke survivors and caregivers during the self-care process. It is crucial for them to provide personalized and tailored support and interventions that can assist these individuals in achieving a more optimal balance in their dyadic self-care. PATIENT/PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients were involved in the formulation of interview questions for this study. No members of the public were involved in this study.

Association between medication literacy and medication adherence and the mediating effect of self-efficacy in older people with multimorbidity.

BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity has a significant impact on public health and primary care. Medication adherence is recognized as the most effective measure for managing and preventing multimorbidity. Studies have shown that medication literacy has a positive effect on medication adherence in patients with multimorbidity. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the underlying mechanisms of this relationship in older adults with multimorbidity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy in the association between medication literacy and medication adherence in this population. METHODS: This study employed a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling method to survey older patients with multimorbidity in six communities in Zhengzhou, China, from July 12, 2021, to December 15, 2021. Participants were assessed using a demographic questionnaire, the Chinese Version of the Medication Literacy Scale (C-MLS), the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS), and the Chinese Version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (C-MMAS-8). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and mediation analysis. RESULTS: A total of 350 elderly patients met the inclusion criteria, and 328 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean age of the participants was 74.90 ± 7.37 years, with a slightly higher proportion of males (55.8%) than females (44.2%). The mean score for medication adherence was 4.85 ± 1.57, indicating poor medication adherence among the participants. Medication adherence scores varied significantly among participants of different ages, education levels, employment statuses and kinds of medication (p < 0.01). Scores for medication literacy and self-efficacy showed a significant positive correlation with medication adherence scores (all p < 0.001). The standardized coefficient for the total effect and direct effect of medication literacy on medication adherence was 0.268 (95% CI: 0.201, 0.335) and 0.187 (95% CI: 0.123, 0.252), respectively. After introducing self-efficacy into the model, the standardized coefficient for the indirect effect was 0.081 (95% CI: 0.049, 0.120), indicating that self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between medication literacy and medication adherence, accounting for 30.22% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: This study might suggest that medication literacy indirectly affected medication adherence in older people with multimorbidity through self-efficacy. Health care providers should be aware of the importance of improving medication literacy and implement strategies aimed at increasing self-efficacy to achieve the goal of improving medication adherence in older adults with multimorbidity.

The influence of pet ownership on self-compassion among nurses: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The modern lifestyle trend of pet ownership is undoubtedly beneficial for both physical and mental health. Research has shown a connection between pet ownership and staff self-compassion. However, there has not been any evidence linking pet ownership to self-compassion in the nurse population. Aims: To investigate the current status of pet ownership among nurses and explore the influence of pet ownership on self-compassion among nurses. Methods: An online survey was conducted in July 2022 with 1,308 nurses in China. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and a self-compassion scale. To compare categorical variables, the independent t test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were utilized. SPSS software was used for the statistical analysis. Results: We found that 16.9% of nurses owned at least one pet, and dogs and cats were the primary pets. The t test for independent samples showed that pet owners and non-pet owners scored differently on self-compassion (t = 3.286, p = 0.001), self-kindness (t = 3.378, p = 0.001), common humanity (t = 2.419, p = 0.016), and mindfulness (t = 2.246, p = 0.025). One-way ANOVA revealed that the highest degree was an influencing factor of self-compassion (χ 2 = 1.386, p = 0.019). Multiple linear regression showed that average monthly income, pet ownership, and highest degree were the factors that influenced self-compassion most significantly (F = 8.335, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results revealed that nurses actually own pets as part of their modern lifestyle, which provides them with social support and potentially enhances their self-compassion. More efforts should be focused on the impact of pet ownership on nurses' physical and mental health, and pet-based interventions should also be developed.