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OBJECTIVE：To study inhibitory activity of different extracts of Dracocephalum moldavica to clinical pathogenic bacteria，and to excavate its possible antibacterial mechanism. METHODS ：After extraction by 65％ ethanol and extraction by petroleum ether ，dichloromethane，ethyl acetate ，n-butanol，the different polar fractions of D. moldavica were obtained . Taking Klebsiella pneumoniae ，Staphylococcus aureus and other clinical multiple resistant pathogens as objects，the diameter of inhibition zone of different extraction fractions was measured by paper diffusion method ，and the antibacterial active fraction was screened. The minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC）of antibacterial active fraction to common clinical pathogens was determined by agar dilution method ；the growth curve of MRSA was drawn by turbidimetric method. The differentially expressed protein between antibacterial active fraction group and control group was screened by PEAK ® Q 8.5 software，and the gene ontology （GO）analysis and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis were carried out by Blast 2 GO and KOBAS 3.0 online software. RESULTS ： Petroleum ether ，dichloromethane，ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction of D. moldavica had no significant inhibitory effect on Gram-negative bacteria. The ethyl acetate fraction of D. moldavica had antibacterial activity in varying degrees against several kinds of Gram-positive bacteria as Staphylococcus aureus ，S. epidermidis；the diameter of inhibition zone was 10-16 mm，which was the active fraction. MICs of ethyl acetate fraction to S. aureus ，S. epidermidis and S. hominis were all 0.781 3 mg/mL；MIC to S. saprophyticus was 0.390 7 mg/mL；MICs to S. saprophyticus and standard strain of S. aureus were both 1.562 5 mg/mL. The 1， 2 times MIC of ethyl acetate could inhibit the growth of MRSA ，and the inhibitory activity increased with the increase of dose. A total of 300 differentially expressed proteins were screened （P＜0.01），of which 239 were up-regulated and 61 were down-regulated. The differentially expressed proteins were （No.81260478，No.816- mainly concentrated in cell sites such as cells ，cellular com- 60048） ponent，etc.，and in metabolic process such as cell process ， biological process and molecular functions such as catalytic activity，protein binding ，etc. They were mainly concentratedwang.zhanli@hotmail.com in microbial metabolism in different environments ，fructose and mannose metabolism signaling pathway （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：The ethyl acetate fraction of D. Moldavica is the antibacterial active fraction ，and its activity may be related to the microbial metabolism and cell glycometablism.
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Objective To investigate the drug resistance and the distribution situation of the related drug resistant genes in Staphylococcus aureus (SA), and to provide a basis for the clinical rational use of antibiotics and the hospital control of infection. Methods A total of 135 strains of SA were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College during January to December 2017. BD Phoenix TM-100 automatic microorganism identification and drug sensitivity systems and K-B agar diffusion method were used to identify SA colony and analyze its drug susceptibility; the related drug resistant genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Among 135 strains of SA, 16 (11.9%) methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) and 119 (88.1%) methicillin-sensitive SA (MSSA) were detected. In the 14 strains of MRSA, the resistance rates to ampicillin, penicillin and erythromycin were high (91.9%, 91.1% and 64.4%, respectively), and no vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid-resistant strains were found. Additionally, the resistance rates of MRSA to ciprofloxacin were significantly higher than that of MSSA [31.3% (5/16) vs. 5.0% (6/119), P < 0.05]. Among 135 strains of SA, the detection rates of mecA, aac(6')/aph(2"), erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), and tetM were 4.4% (6/135), 10.4% (14/135), 0.7% (1/135), 27.4% (37/135), 31.4% (46/135) and 0.7% (1/135), respectively. In MRSA, the detection rates of mecA [37.5% (6/16) vs. 0 (0/119)], aac(6')/aph(2") [31.3% (5/16) vs. 7.6% (9/119)], and ermB [31.3% (5/16) vs. 26.9% (32/119)] were significantly higher than those in MSSA. It is noteworthy that the detection rate of mecA in MRSA was only 37.5% (6/16). Conclusions The MRSA detection rate of our hospital was below the national average level. The detection rates of resistance genes mecA, aac(6')/aph(2") and ermB were higher, which may be an important cause of drug resistance. Moreover, the detection of MRSA by mecA alone may lead to missed diagnosis, that should be paid attention to.
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Objective@#To characterize the gut microbial community structure of two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats, provide new evidences for prevention and treatment of hypertension.@*Methods@#Adult male SD rats were divided into 2K1C hypertensive model group and sham operation group (n=8 each). Blood pressure was recorded by tail-cuff technique weekly for 4 weeks. Then, the total fecal DNA of rats in 2K1C model group and sham operation group were extracted. The structure and principal components of intestinal flora in 2K1C model rats and sham operated rats were analyzed using Hiseq3000 sequencing platform. Additionally, real time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology was used to detect the content of predominant bacteria, including Escherichia, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides.@*Results@#Compared with sham operation group, significant reduction in the relative abundance of Firmicutes (31.72 (30.06, 32.18) vs. 40.99 (38.78, 44.41), U=0.00, P<0.05) and increase in Bacteroidetes (48.13(41.16,50.25) vs. 27.81(25.84,31.38),U=0.00, P<0.05) were observed in the fecal samples from model group. The relative abundance of Escherichia coli (0.08(0.07,0.11) vs. 0.07(0.06,0.08),U=12.50, P<0.05) was increased and the short chain fatty acid producing strains such as Coprococcus, Roseburia, Blautia, Clostridium and Bacteroides was reduced in 2K1C model group than in sham operation group (all P<0.05). Moreover, the relative abundance of Prevotella (Bacteroidetes) was also significantly higher in 2K1C model group than in sham operation group (18.14(17.78,18.75) vs.1.83(1.50,5.19), U=0.00, P<0.05). Moreover, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus (Firmicutes) was significant higher in 2K1C model group than in sham operation group (7.73(6.04,9.34) vs. 3.68(2.46,4.67),U=0.00, P<0.05). Principal coordinate analysis showed that there was significant difference in the gut microbial community structure between 2K1C model group and sham operation group.@*Conclusion@#There are significant changes in the gut microbial community structure in 2K1C model group as compared to sham operation group, indicating renovascular hypertension might affect gut microbial community structure in this rat model.
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Objective To investigate the influencing factors of chronic brucellosis.Methods Nested case control method was used to study newly diagnosed patients (n =600) with brucellosis in a cohort study in 2012.Data of general characterstics,clinical presentation,treatment and prognosis of those patients were collected.These patients were followed up for one year,and the chronic patients as the case group (n =248) and the healed patients as a control group (n =260).By means of Logistic multivariate analysis,factors turned brucellosis into chronic were screened.Result The chronic brucellosis-related factors were:gender,veterinary or epidemic prevention staff,muscle and joint pain,fatigue symptoms,and substandard treatment (x2 =5.163,16.445,14.977,17.154,8.813,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Gender (female),veterinary or epidemic prevention staff,muscle and joint pain,fatigue symptoms,and substandard treatment are probably the chronic brucellosis-related factors
